diarrhea acute bacterial infections

7/29/2019 Diarrhea Acute Bacterial Infections

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Diarrhea Acute BacterialInfections


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General Approach of Acute DiarrheaBacterial Infection


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Non-invasive infections

1. Stafilococcus aureus

Because of food poisoning caused stafilokokkus

intake of foods that contain toxinsstafilokokkus

on improper food preservation method

Staphylococcal enterotoxin is heat stable


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symptom

occurred within 1-6 hours after the intake ofcontaminated food.

Approximately 75% of patients experience nausea,

vomiting, and abdominal pain diarrhea as much as 68%.

Fever is rare.

Rare peripheral leukocytosis,

White blood cells are not present in the stool outwardappearance.

During a time of illness less than 24 hours


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2. Bacillus cereus

1. morphology

gram positive

cell width from 0.9 to 1.2 lm and a length of 3-5lm.

positive motility,

elipsoidal spores, central or paracentral,

spores are rarely out of the sporangia.

Not form a capsule, usually appears in the form of long-chain type R.

Colonies of irregular shape,

In a liquid medium to form moderate turbidity.


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2. Pathogenesis

Bacillus cereus is responsible for a small percentageof foodborne illnesses (2-5)

Cooking temperature is less than or equal to 100 C (212 F)

Cooked food is not meant to be worn alone orrapid cooling and refrigeration should be stored attemperatures above 60 C (140 F).

Germination and growth generally occursbetween 10-50 C (50-122 F)


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symptom

can be found at 1-6 hours after the intake ofcontaminated food,

during a time of illness less than 24 hours.

nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain,

often expire after 10 hours.

Symptoms of diarrhea occur in 8-16 hours afterintake of food contaminated with symptoms ofwatery diarrhea and abdominal cramps.

Nausea and vomiting are rare.


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Clostridium perfringens

morphology

bacteria gram positive rods,

anaerobes,

form spores.

These bacteria often cause food poisoning

caused by enterotoxin and usually resolves onits own


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symptom

takes place after 8-24 hours after intake of meatproducts contaminated,

watery diarrhea

epigastric pain,

followed by nausea, and vomiting.

Fever is rare

These symptoms will expire within 24 hours.


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Vibrio cholerae

morphology

gram-negative rod bacteria,

comma-shaped

causes severe diarrhea that causes dehydration

death can occur after 3-4 hours in patients who arenot treated.

Cholera toxin can affect fluid transport in the small

intestine by increasing cAMP, secretion, and inhibitsfluid absorption.

The spread of cholera from contaminated food andwater


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symptom

abdominal distension and vomiting,

severe diarrhea such as rice water diarrhea

Patient's blood volume and electrolytedeficiencies.

Low-grade fever may occur.


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Escherichia coli

morphology

E. Coli gram negative rods

Cell size with a length of 2.0 to 6.0 lm and a width of

1.1 to 1.5 lm.

Shape of the cells to form a shape like coocal alongfilamentous size.

Not found spores

There can be a single cell, in pairs, and in short chains, usually not encapsulated.

This bacterium can also aerobic aerobic and facultative.

is a normal inhabitant of the intestine, often causinginfection.


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E. Coli Enteropatogenik(EPEC)

Important cause of diarrhea in infants, especially indeveloping countries.

EPEC attached to the mucosa of the small cells.

Result of EPEC infection is watery diarrhea which usually

resolves itself but can also be chronic. EPEC diarrhea duration can be shortened by giving

anibiotik.

Diarrhea in humans, rabbits, dogs, cats and horses.

Such as ETEC, EPEC also causes diarrhea, but themolecular mechanisms of colonization and aetiology aredifferent. EPEC little fimbria, ST and LT toxins, but usingthe EPEC adhesin known as intimin to bind host intestinalcells. EPEC cells invasive (if entering host cells) and cause

inflammation.


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E. Coli Enterotoksigenik(ETEC

Frequent cause of "traveler's diarrhea" and a veryimportant cause of diarrhea in infants indeveloping countries.

ETEC colonization factors specific to inflict ETECadhesion in epithelial cells of the small intestine.

Terengang intestinal lumen by fluid and causehipermortilitas and diarrhea, and lasts for severaldays.

ETEC strains produce some eksotosin not stand theheat.

Diarrhea without fever occurs in humans, pigs,sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and cattle.


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E. Coli Enterohemoragik(EHEC)

Menghasilkan verotoksin, dinamai sesuai efeksitotoksinya pada sel Vero,

Sel vero suatu sel hijau dari monyet hijau Afrika.

Terdapat sedikitnya dua bentuk antigenic dari

toksin. EHEC berhubungan dengan holitis hemoragik,

bentuk diare yang berat dan dengan sindromauremia hemolitik, suatu penyakit akibat gagal ginjaakut, anemia hemolitik mikroangiopatik, dantrombositopenia. Banyak kasus EHEC dapatdicegah dengan memasak daging sampai matang.

Diare ini ditemukan pada manusia, sapi, dankambing.


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ColiEnteroinvansif (EIEC)

Cause a disease very similar to shigellosis.

Diseases common in children - children in the

State berkrmbang and tourists who head to thecountry.

EIEC ferment lactose slowly and not moving.

EIEC cause disease melaluii invasion of intestinal

mucosal epithelial cells. Diarrhea is found only in humans.


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E. ColiEnteroagregatif (EAEC)

Cause acute and chronic diarrhea in people in

developing countries. This bakery is characterized by distinctive

patterns of attachment in human cells.

EAEC menproduksi hemolysin and ST

enterotoxin similar to ETEC.


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Invasive infections

1. Shigellamorphology

Stem slender,

not encapsulated,

not moving,

not form spores,

gram negative.

form cocobasil

can occur in young cultures

facultative anaerobes but grow best aerobic.Colonies convex, rounded, transparent with intactedges reach a diameter of approximately 2mm in24 hours.


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symptoms

Early symptoms consist of fever, abdominalpain, and watery diarrhea without blood,

bloody stool after 3-5 days later. The average duration of symptoms in adults is

7 days,

in more severe cases persist for 3-4 weeks.

Shigellosis can resemble chronic ulcerativecolitis, chronic and career status may occur


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Another bacterium that causes diarrhea with invasiveinfections

Salmonella nontyphoid

Salmonella typhi

Campylobakter

Vibrio non-kolera

Yersinia

Enterohemoragik E Coli(Subtipe 0157)

Aeromonas

Plesiomonas

diarrhea acute bacterial infections

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