CHAPTER 3 Postsecondary Education

Postsecondary education includes an array of diverse edu-cational experiences offered by American colleges and uni-versities and technical and vocational institutions. For example, a community college may offer vocational training or the first 2 years of training at the college level. A university typically offers a full undergraduate course of study leading to a bachelor's degree, as well as first-professional and graduate programs leading to advanced degrees. Vocational and techni-cal institutions offer training programs that are designed to prepare students for specific careers. Community groups, reli-gious organizations, libraries, and businesses provide other types of educational opportunities for adults.

This chapter provides an overview of the latest statistics on postsecondary education, which includes academic, career and technical, and continuing professional education pro-grams after high school. However, to maintain comparability over time, most of the data in the Digest are for degree-grant-ing institutions, which are defined as postsecondary institu-tions that grant an associate’s or higher degree and whose students are eligible to participate in the Title IV federal finan-cial aid programs.1 Degree-granting institutions include almost all 2- and 4-year colleges and universities; they exclude institutions offering only career and technical pro-grams of less than 2 years’ duration and continuing education programs. The degree-granting institution classification is very similar to the higher education institution classification that the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used prior to 1996–97.2 This chapter highlights historical data that enable the reader to observe long-range trends in college edu-cation in America.

Other chapters provide related information on postsecond-ary education. Data on price indexes and on the number of degrees held by the general population are shown in chapter 1. Chapter 4 contains tabulations on federal funding for postsec-ondary education. Information on employment outcomes for

1 Title IV programs, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Edu-cation, provide financial aid to postsecondary students. 2 Included among degree-granting institutions are some institutions (primar-ily 2-year colleges) that were not previously designated as higher education institutions. Excluded from degree-granting institutions are a few institutions that were previously designated as higher education institutions even though they did not award an associate’s or higher degree. Institutions of higher edu-cation were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education. Institutions of higher education offered courses that led to an asso-ciate’s or higher degree, or were accepted for credit towards a degree.

college graduates is shown in chapter 5. Chapter 7 contains data on college libraries and use of computers by young adults. Further information on survey methodologies is pre-sented in Appendix A: Guide to Sources and in the publica-tions cited in the table source notes.

Enrollment Enrollment in degree-granting institutions increased by 11

percent between 1988 and 1998 (table 189 and figure 11). Between 1998 and 2008, enrollment increased at a faster rate (32 percent), from 14.5 million to 19.1 million. Much of the growth between 1998 and 2008 was in full-time enrollment; the number of full-time students rose 37 percent, while the number of part-time students rose 24 percent. During the same time period, the number of females rose 34 percent, while the number of males rose 29 percent. Enrollment increases can be affected both by population growth and by rising rates of enrollment. Between 1998 and 2008, the number of 18- to 24-year-olds increased from 26.1 million to 29.8 million, an increase of 14 percent (table 15), and the percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college rose from 37 percent in 1998 to 40 percent in 2008 (table 204). In addition to enrollment in accredited 2-year colleges, 4-year colleges, and universities, about 423,000 students attended non-degree-granting, Title IV eligible, postsecondary institutions in fall 2007 (table 187).

The number of young students has been growing more rap-idly than the number of older students, but this pattern is expected to shift (table 191 and figure 13). Between 1995 and 2007, the enrollment of students under age 25 increased by 38 percent. Enrollment of people 25 and over rose 14 percent during the same period. From 2007 to 2018, NCES projects a rise of 9 percent in enrollments of people under 25, and a rise of 20 percent in enrollments of people 25 and over.

Enrollment trends have differed at the undergraduate and postbaccalaureate levels (which include graduate and first-professional programs). Undergraduate enrollment generally increased during the 1970s, but dipped from 10.8 million to 10.6 million between 1983 and 1985 (table 205). From 1985 to 1992, undergraduate enrollment increased each year, rising 18 percent before stabilizing between 1992 and 1998. Under-graduate enrollment rose 32 percent between 1998 and 2008. Postbaccalaureate enrollment had been steady at about 1.6 million in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but rose about 66 percent between 1985 and 2008 (table 206).

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270 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Since 1988, the number of females in postbaccalaureate programs has exceeded the number of males (table 206). Between 1998 and 2008, the number of male full-time post-baccalaureate students increased by 30 percent, compared with a 61 percent increase in the number of females. Among part-time postbaccalaureate students, the number of males increased by 11 percent and the number of females increased by 24 percent.

The percentage of American college students who are His-panic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black has been increasing (table 226). Much of the change in the racial/ethnic distribu-tion of students from 1976 to 2008 can be attributed to rising numbers of students in these racial/ethnic groups. During that time period, the percentage of Hispanic students rose from 3 percent to 12 percent, the percentage of Asian/Pacific Islander students rose from 2 percent to 7 percent, and the percentage of Black students rose from 9 percent to 14 percent. Nonresi-dent aliens, for whom race/ethnicity is not reported, made up 3 percent of the total enrollment in 2008.

Despite the sizable numbers of small degree-granting col-leges, most students attend larger colleges and universities. In fall 2007, some 41 percent of institutions had fewer than 1,000 students; however, these campuses enrolled 4 percent of all college students (table 234). While 12 percent of the cam-puses enrolled 10,000 or more students, they accounted for 56 percent of total college enrollment.

In 2007, the five postsecondary institutions with the high-est enrollment were University of Phoenix Online Campus, with 224,880 students; Miami-Dade College, with 54,094 stu-dents; Ohio State University, with 52,568 students; University of Florida, with 51,725 students; and Arizona State Univer-sity at the Tempe Campus, with 51,481 students (table 235).

Faculty, Staff, and Salaries Approximately 3.6 million people were employed in col-

leges and universities in fall 2007, including 2.6 million pro-fessional and 0.9 million nonprofessional staff (table 245). In fall 2007, there were 1.4 million faculty members in degree-granting institutions, including 0.7 million full-time and 0.7 million part-time faculty. The proportion of executive, admin-istrative, and managerial staff was 6 percent in 2007, com-pared to 5 percent in 1976 (table 244). The proportion of other non-teaching professional staff rose from 10 percent in 1976 to 20 percent in 2007, while the proportion of nonprofessional staff (including technical and paraprofessional, clerical and secretarial, skilled crafts, and service and maintenance staff) declined from 42 percent to 26 percent. The full-time-equiva-lent (FTE) student/FTE staff ratio at colleges and universities was lower in 2007 (5.0) than in 1976 (5.4). The FTE student/ FTE faculty ratio declined from 16.6 in 1976 to 14.9 in 2007.

Colleges and universities differ in their practices of employing part-time and full-time staff. In fall 2007, some 48 percent of the employees at public 2-year colleges were employed full time, compared with 68 percent at public 4-year colleges and universities, 67 percent at private 4-year colleges and universities, and 66 percent at private 2-year colleges

(table 245). A higher percentage of the faculty at public 4-year colleges and universities were employed full time (68 percent) than at private 4-year colleges and universities (48 percent), private 2-year colleges (46 percent), or public 2-year colleges (31 percent). In general, the number of full-time staff has been growing at a slower rate than the number of part-time staff (table 243). Between 1997 and 2007, the number of full-time staff increased by 25 percent, compared to an increase of 39 percent in the number of part-time staff. Most of the increase in the part-time staff was due to the increase in the number of part-time faculty (59 percent) and graduate assistants (48 per-cent) during this time period.

In fall 2007, some 7 percent of college and university fac-ulty were Black (based on a faculty count that excludes per-sons whose race/ethnicity was unknown), 6 percent were Asian/Pacific Islander, 4 percent were Hispanic, and 1 percent were American Indian/Alaska Native (table 246). About 80 percent of all faculty were White; 43 percent were White males and 36 percent were White females. Staff who were Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander or American Indian/ Alaska Native made up about 18 percent of executive, admin-istrative, and managerial staff in 2007 and about 33 percent of nonprofessional staff. The proportion of total staff made up of Blacks, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives was similar at public 4-year colleges (23 percent), private 4-year colleges (22 percent), and public 2-year colleges (22 percent), but the proportion at private 2-year colleges (27 percent) was slightly higher.

On average, full-time instructional faculty and staff spent 58 percent of their time teaching in 2003 (table 251). Research and scholarship accounted for 20 percent of their time, and 22 percent was spent on other activities (administration, profes-sional growth, etc.).

Faculty salaries generally lost purchasing power in the period from 1970–71 to 1980–81, during which average sala-ries for faculty on 9-month contracts declined by 16 percent after adjustment for inflation (table 257). During the 1980s, average salaries rose and recouped most of the losses. Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, there was a further increase in average faculty salaries, resulting in an average salary in 2008–09 that was about 7 percent higher than the average sal-ary in 1970–71, after adjustment for inflation. The average salary in current dollars for males in 2008–09 ($79,706) was higher than the average salary for females ($65,638). Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the average salary for males increased by 5 percent and the average salary for females increased by 6 percent, after adjustment for inflation.

The percentage of faculty with tenure has declined in recent years. About 49 percent of full-time instructional fac-ulty had tenure in 2007–08, compared with 56 percent in 1993–94 (table 264). A difference was observed between males and females in the percentage of faculty with tenure. Fifty-five percent of males had tenure in 2007–08, compared with 40 percent of females. About 51 percent of the instruc-tional faculty at public and private for-profit institutions had tenure, compared with 45 percent of faculty at private not-for-profit institutions.

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Degrees During the 2008–09 academic year, 4,409 accredited insti-

tutions offered degrees at the associate’s degree level or above (table 266). These included 1,676 public institutions, 1,629 private not-for-profit institutions, and 1,104 private for-profit institutions. Of the 4,409 institutions, 2,719 awarded degrees at the bachelor’s or higher level, and 1,690 offered associate’s degrees as their highest award. Institutions awarding various degrees in 2007–08 numbered 2,768 for associate’s degrees, 2,301 for bachelor’s degrees, 1,736 for master’s degrees, and 693 for doctor’s degrees (table 278).

Growing numbers of people are completing college degrees. Between 1997–98 and 2007–08, the number of asso-ciate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees that were conferred rose (table 268). During this period, associate’s degrees increased by 34 percent, bachelor’s degrees increased by 32 percent, master’s degrees increased by 45 percent, first-professional degrees increased by 16 per-cent, and doctor’s degrees increased by 38 percent. Since the mid-1980s, more females than males have earned associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees. In 2006–07 and 2007–08, the number of females earning doctor’s degrees exceeded the number of males. Also, the number of females receiving degrees has increased at a faster rate than the number of males. Between 1997–98 and 2007–08, the number of bachelor’s degrees awarded to males increased by 28 percent, while the number awarded to females increased by 35 percent. The number of males earning doctor’s degrees rose 17 percent between 1997–98 and 2007–08, while the number of females earning doctor’s degrees rose 68 percent. In addition to degrees awarded at the associate’s and higher levels, 750,000 certificates were awarded by postsecondary institutions partic-ipating in federal Title IV financial aid programs (table 281).

Of the 1,563,000 bachelor’s degrees conferred in 2007–08, the greatest numbers of degrees were conferred in the fields of business (335,000); social sciences and history (167,000); health sciences (111,000); and education (103,000) (table 271). At the master’s degree level, the greatest numbers of degrees were conferred in the fields of education (176,000) and business (156,000) (table 272). At the doctor’s degree level, the greatest number of degrees were conferred in the fields of health professions and related clinical sciences (9,900); education (8,500); engineering (8,100); biological and biomedical sciences (6,900); psychology (5,300); and physical sciences (4,800) (table 273).

In recent years, the numbers of bachelor’s degrees con-ferred have followed patterns that differed significantly by field of study. While the number of degrees conferred increased by 32 percent overall between 1997–98 and 2007–08, there was substantial variation among the different fields of study, as well as shifts in the patterns of change dur-ing this time period (table 271). The number of bachelor’s degrees conferred in the combined fields of engineering and engineering technologies was 4 percent higher in 2002–03 than in 1997–98 and rose 8 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08 (table 271 and figure 15). The number of engineer-

ing and engineering technologies degrees conferred in 2007–08 was about 12 percent higher than the number con-ferred in 1997–98. The number of degrees conferred in the health professions declined by 18 percent between 1997–98 and 2002–03, but then rose 56 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08. Similarly, the number of degrees conferred in bio-logical sciences decreased by 8 percent between 1997–98 and 2002–03, but then increased by 30 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08; and the number conferred in the physical sciences declined by 7 percent between 1997–98 and 2002–03 but increased by 22 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08. Some technical fields experienced a contrast-ing pattern. After an increase of 106 percent between 1997–98 and 2002–03, the number of degrees conferred in computer and information sciences decreased by 33 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08. Other fields with sizable numbers of degrees (over 5,000) that showed increases of over 30 percent between 2002–03 and 2007–08 included security and protective services (54 percent) and parks, rec-reation, and leisure studies (40 percent).

Approximately 57 percent of first-time students seeking a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent and attending a 4-year insti-tution full time in 2001 completed a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent at that institution within 6 years (table 331). This graduation rate is the percentage of students first enrolled at an institution in the 2001–02 academic year who completed a degree at that institution within the specified time to degree attainment. Graduation rates were higher at private not-for-profit institutions than at public or private for-profit institu-tions. The 6-year graduation rate for the 2001 cohort at private not-for-profit institutions was 64 percent, compared with 55 percent at public institutions and 24 percent at private for-profit institutions. Graduation rates also varied by race/ethnic-ity. At 4-year institutions overall, the 6-year graduation rate for Asians/Pacific Islanders in the 2001 cohort was 67 percent, compared with 60 percent for Whites, 48 percent for Hispan-ics, 42 percent for Blacks, and 39 percent for American Indi-ans/Alaska Natives.

Finances and Financial Aid For the 2008–09 academic year, annual prices for under-

graduate tuition, room, and board were estimated to be $12,283 at public institutions and $31,233 at private institu-tions (table 334). Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 32 percent, and prices at private institutions rose 24 per-cent, after adjustment for inflation.

In 2007–08, about 80 percent of full-time undergraduate students received financial aid (grants, loans, work-study, or aid of multiple types) (table 338). About 63 percent of full-time undergraduates received federal financial aid in 2007–08, and 63 percent received aid from nonfederal sources. (Some students receive aid from both federal and nonfederal sources.) Section 484(r) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, suspends a student’s eligibility for Title IV federal financial aid if the student is convicted of

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272 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

certain drug-related offenses that were committed while the student was receiving Title IV aid. The Digest is congressio-nally mandated to report on student loss of eligibility under this provision. Less than 0.1 percent of postsecondary stu-dents had their eligibility to receive aid suspended for 2008–09 (table C).

Table C. Postsecondary students denied access to Title IV financial aid because eligibility was suspended due to a drug-related conviction: 2008–09

Number of Percentage Suspension status applications distribution

Total .......................................................................... 16,412,471 100.0 No suspension of eligibility............................................ 16,405,757 99.96

Suspension of eligibility For part of award year (suspension ends during year) 946 0.01 For full award year

Due to conviction.................................................... 2,853 0.02 Due to failure to report conviction status on aid

application form................................................. 2,915 0.02 NOTE: It is not possible to determine whether a student who lost eligibility due to a drug conviction otherwise would have received Title IV aid, since there are other reasons why an applicant may not receive aid. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid, Free Applica-tion for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), unpublished data.

In 2006–07, average total expenditures per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student at public degree-granting colleges were $25,130 (table 362). This total reflects an increase of about 3 percent between 2003–04 and 2006–07, after adjust-ment for inflation. In 2006–07, public 4-year colleges had

average total expenditures per FTE student of $33,670, com-pared with $11,609 at public 2-year colleges. At private not-for-profit colleges, total expenditures per FTE student rose 17 percent between 1996–97 and 2006–07, after adjustment for inflation (table 364). In 2006–07, total expenditures per FTE student at private not-for-profit colleges were $42,060; they averaged $42,256 at 4-year colleges and $19,498 at 2-year colleges. The expenditures per FTE student at private for-profit institutions were $12,880 in 2006–07, which was about 7 percent higher than in 1998–99, after adjustment for inflation (table 366). The difference between average expen-ditures per FTE student at private for-profit 4-year colleges ($12,551) and private for-profit 2-year colleges ($13,848) was relatively small compared to the differences between 2-year and 4-year public and private not-for-profit colleges.

As of June 30, 2007, the market value of the endowment funds of colleges and universities was $410 billion, with the 120 colleges with the largest endowments accounting for $310 billion of that amount (table 361). The market value of endowment funds of U.S. colleges and universities increased 22 percent between 2006 and 2007. The five colleges with the largest endowments in 2007 were Harvard University ($35 billion), Yale University ($22 billion), Stanford Uni-versity ($17 billion), Princeton University ($16 billion), and the University of Texas System ($14 billion). These values do not reflect changes that have occured since 2007 in response to economic conditions.

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Figure 11. Enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting institutions: Fall 1960 through fall 2008 and 1960–61 through 2007–08

0

2 4

6

8 10

12

14 16

18 20

Public institutions Total

Private institutions

Fall enrollment, in millions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

School year beginning

Degrees, in millions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2007

School year beginning

Total expenditures, in billions of constant 2007–08 dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2007

School year beginning

NOTE: Expenditure data for school year 2007 (2007–08) are estimated. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1960 through 1965; Financial Statistics of Higher Edu-cation, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Earned Degrees Conferred, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education,” 1966 through 1985, “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred,” 1965–66 through 1985–86, and “Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education,” 1965–66 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2007–08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), Fall 2000 through Fall 2008, and Spring 2001 through Spring 2008.

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Doctor’s 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0

$300

50

150

100

200

250

Public institutions

Private institutions

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274 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Figure 12. Percentage change in total enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state: Fall 2000 through fall 2007

AK

WA

MT ND OR

ID

WY SD

UT

CA

NV

CO KS

NE

AZ NM OK

MN

IA

MO

AR TN NC

LA

FL

MS AL GA

WI

IL

KY

IN OH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

VT

NH

MA

CT

SC

MI

HI

NJ

TX

DC MD DE

RI

Percent change

Increase of 25 percent or more Increase of 10 percent, but less than 15 percent

Increase of 15 percent, but less than 25 percent Increase of less than 10 percent or decrease

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000 and 2007 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2001 and Spring 2008.

Figure 13. Enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by age: Fall 1970 through fall 2018

Enrollment, in millions

Under 25 years old

25 years old and over

Projected

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018

School year

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Educa-tion” surveys, 1970 through 1985; 1986 through 2007 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2008; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2018.

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Figure 14. Full-time-equivalent (FTE) students per staff member in public and private degree-granting institutions, by type of staff: 1976 and 2007

FTE students per FTE staff

1976 2007

5.4

10.5

12.9

8.1

9.6

5.0

7.8

17.5

5.9

14.9

Total, Public college Public college Private college Private college all institutions professional staff nonprofessional staff professional staff nonprofessional staff

Control and type of staff

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Staff” survey, 1976, and “Fall Enrollment in Higher Education” survey, 1976; and 2007 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2007–08 and Spring 2007.

Figure 15. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in selected fields of study: 1997–98, 2002–03, and 2007–08 Field of study

Biological and biomedical sciences

Business

Communications, journalism, and communications technologies

Computer and information sciences 1997–98

Education 2002–03 Engineering and engineering

2007–08technologies Health professions and related

clinical sciences

Psychology

Social sciences and history

Visual and performing arts

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

Number of degrees

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1997–98, 2002–03, and 2007–08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:97–98), and Fall 2003 and Fall 2008.

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276 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Figure 16. Percentage distribution of total revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 2006–07 Federal government, 13.5%

Investment return, gifts, and other, 17.9%

Hospitals, 8.4%

Auxiliary enterprises, 7.6% State governments, 29.6%

Tuition and fees, 16.7% Local governments, 6.4%

Total revenues = $268.6 billion

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2006–07 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008.

Figure 17. Percentage distribution of total revenues of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 2006–07

Hospitals, 6.9%

Auxiliary enterprises, 6.7%

Tuition and fees, 26.0%

Educational activities, investment Federal government, 11.1% return, and other, 37.0%

State governments, 0.9% Local governments, 0.3%

Private sources, 11.1%

Total revenues = $182.4 billion

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2006–07 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008.

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

nt

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 277 Enrollment

Enrollme

Table 187. Enrollment, staff, and degrees conferred in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by type and control of institution, sex of student, type of staff, and type of degree: Fall 2007 and 2007–08

Selected characteristic

All Title IV participating institutions1

Degree-granting institutions2 Non-degree-granting institutions3

Total Public

Private

Total Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Enrollment, fall 2007 Total .......................................... 18,671,084 18,248,128 13,490,780 4,757,348 3,571,150 1,186,198 422,956 105,069 317,887 24,057 293,830

4-year institutions.............................. 11,630,585 11,630,198 7,166,661 4,463,537 3,537,664 925,873 387 36 351 351 0 Males ............................................ 5,045,432 5,045,343 3,190,280 1,855,063 1,504,100 350,963 89 14 75 75 0 Females ........................................ 6,585,153 6,584,855 3,976,381 2,608,474 2,033,564 574,910 298 22 276 276 0

2-year institutions.............................. 6,740,618 6,617,930 6,324,119 293,811 33,486 260,325 122,688 50,435 72,253 11,357 60,896 Males ............................................ 2,827,352 2,770,571 2,667,019 103,552 11,694 91,858 56,781 26,616 30,165 2,944 27,221 Females ........................................ 3,913,266 3,847,359 3,657,100 190,259 21,792 168,467 65,907 23,819 42,088 8,413 33,675

Less-than-2-year institutions............. 299,881 † † † † † 299,881 54,598 245,283 12,349 232,934 Males ............................................ 79,546 † † † † † 79,546 21,946 57,600 3,894 53,706Females ........................................ 220,335 † † † † † 220,335 32,652 187,683 8,455 179,228

Staff, fall 2007 Total .......................................... 3,630,956 3,561,428 2,362,483 1,198,945 1,023,397 175,548 69,528 21,517 48,011 10,160 37,851

Professional staff .............................. 2,683,214 2,629,401 1,728,266 901,135 748,928 152,207 53,813 16,261 37,552 6,275 31,277 Administrative ............................... 225,778 217,518 108,727 108,791 94,878 13,913 8,260 1,209 7,051 874 6,177 Faculty .......................................... 1,407,467 1,371,390 877,146 494,244 385,875 108,369 36,077 13,413 22,664 2,636 20,028 Faculty assistants ......................... 328,979 328,979 266,429 62,550 62,440 110 0 0 0 0 0Other professionals....................... 720,990 711,514 475,964 235,550 205,735 29,815 9,476 1,639 7,837 2,765 5,072

Nonprofessional staff ........................ 947,742 932,027 634,217 297,810 274,469 23,341 15,715 5,256 10,459 3,885 6,574 Student/staff ratio ............................. 5.1 5.1 5.7 4.0 3.5 6.8 6.1 4.9 6.6 2.4 7.8

Degrees conferred, 2007–08 Less-than-2-year awards and 2- to

4-year awards ............................. 749,883 450,715 336,312 114,403 20,602 93,801 299,168 62,769 236,399 13,482 222,917 4-year institutions.......................... 56,359 56,282 24,222 32,060 16,156 15,904 77 0 77 77 0

Males ........................................ 21,183 21,170 11,289 9,881 6,163 3,718 13 0 13 13 0 Females .................................... 35,176 35,112 12,933 22,179 9,993 12,186 64 0 64 64 0

2-year institutions.......................... 471,948 394,433 312,090 82,343 4,446 77,897 77,515 33,301 44,214 4,660 39,554 Males ........................................ 203,535 170,665 146,244 24,421 2,007 22,414 32,870 15,354 17,516 1,174 16,342 Females .................................... 268,413 223,768 165,846 57,922 2,439 55,483 44,645 17,947 26,698 3,486 23,212

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 221,576 † † † † † 221,576 29,468 192,108 8,745 183,363 Males ........................................ 58,548 † † † † † 58,548 11,420 47,128 3,502 43,626Females .................................... 163,028 † † † † † 163,028 18,048 144,980 5,243 139,737

Associate’s degrees.......................... 750,283 750,164 578,520 171,644 44,788 126,856 119 0 119 0 119 4-year institutions.......................... 178,215 178,215 71,514 106,701 38,251 68,450 0 0 0 0 0

Males ........................................ 68,633 68,633 27,763 40,870 14,374 26,496 0 0 0 0 0Females .................................... 109,582 109,582 43,751 65,831 23,877 41,954 0 0 0 0 0

2-year institutions.......................... 571,949 571,949 507,006 64,943 6,537 58,406 0 0 0 0 0Males ........................................ 213,888 213,888 187,300 26,588 1,936 24,652 0 0 0 0 0Females .................................... 358,061 358,061 319,706 38,355 4,601 33,754 0 0 0 0 0

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 119 † † † † † 119 0 119 0 119Males ........................................ 21 † † † † † 21 0 21 0 21Females .................................... 98 † † † † † 98 0 98 0 98

Bachelor’s degrees ........................... 1,563,075 1,563,069 996,435 566,634 490,685 75,949 6 0 6 6 0Males ............................................ 667,930 667,928 431,998 235,930 201,352 34,578 2 0 2 2 0Females ........................................ 895,145 895,141 564,437 330,704 289,333 41,371 4 0 4 4 0

Master’s degrees .............................. 625,023 625,023 299,923 325,100 270,246 54,854 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 246,491 246,491 118,626 127,865 108,179 19,686 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 378,532 378,532 181,297 197,235 162,067 35,168 0 0 0 0 0

First-professional degrees ................ 91,309 91,309 37,278 54,031 53,225 806 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 45,916 45,916 17,912 28,004 27,604 400 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 45,393 45,393 19,366 26,027 25,621 406 0 0 0 0 0

Doctor’s degrees............................... 63,712 63,712 38,315 25,397 23,037 2,360 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 31,215 31,215 19,634 11,581 10,774 807 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 32,497 32,497 18,681 13,816 12,263 1,553 0 0 0 0 0

†Not applicable. 3Data are for institutions that did not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but 1Includes degree-granting and non-degree-granting institutions. were participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes some schools with 2Data are for degree-granting institutions, which grant associate’s or higher degrees and nonaccredited degree programs. participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2007–08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2007–08, Spring 2008, and Fall 2008. (This table was prepared July 2009.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

278 C

HA

PT

ER

3: Postsecondary E

ducation E

nrollment

DIG

ES

T O

F E

DU

CA

TIO

N S

TA

TIS

TIC

S 2009

1989–90 1999–2000 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

14 15 16 17 18

3,535 4,084 4,276 4,314 4,352

824,220 5

534,254 5 289,966 5

1,027,830 5

602,469 5 425,361 5

1,290,426 5

714,453 5

575,973 5

— — —

1,371,390 5

743,812 5

627,578 5

,538,560 ,190,015 ,348,545

14,791,224 6,490,646 8,300,578

17,487,475 7,455,925

10,031,550

17,758,870 7,574,815

10,184,055

18,248,128 7,815,914

10,432,214

455,102 564,933 713,066 728,114 750,164 191,195 224,721 270,095 275,187 282,521 263,907 340,212 442,971 452,927 467,643

,051,344 1,237,875 1,485,242 1,524,092 1,563,069 491,696 530,367 630,600 649,570 667,928 559,648 707,508 854,642 874,522 895,141

324,301 457,056 594,065 604,607 625,023 153,653 191,792 237,896 238,189 246,491 170,648 265,264 356,169 366,418 378,532

70,988 80,057 87,655 90,064 91,309 43,961 44,239 44,038 45,057 45,916 27,027 35,818 43,617 45,007 45,393

38,371 44,808 56,067 60,616 63,712 24,401 25,028 28,634 30,251 31,215 13,970 19,780 27,433 30,365 32,497

,635,477 — — — —

— — — — — ,655,571 — — — —

,585,076 — — — — ,635,000 — — — —

,978,726 — $336,908,009 $409,710,539 —

cation, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-rticipate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-grant-assification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few pendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals

r Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United and Other Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; Fall rred; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education; Higher nt in Institutions of Higher Education,” “Degrees and Other Formal igher Education” surveys; and 1989 through 2008 Integrated Post-IPEDS-EF:89–99), “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:89–99), “Finance :90–00), “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:89–99),

all 2007, and Fall 2008. (This table was prepared July 2009.)

Table 188. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in degree-granting institutions: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2007–08

Selected characteristic 1869–70 1879–80 1889–90 1899–1900 1909–10 1919–20 1929–30 1939–40 1949–50 1959–60 1969–70 1979–80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Total institutions1 ................

Total faculty2....................... Males ............................. Females .........................

Total fall enrollment6........... Males ............................. Females .........................

Earned degrees conferred

563 811 998 977 951 1,041 1,409 1,708 1,851 2,004 2,525 3,152

5,553 3

4,887 3 666 3

11,522 3

7,328 3 4,194 3

15,809 12,704 3 3,105 3

23,868 19,151 4,717

36,480 29,132 7,348

48,615 35,807 12,808

82,386 60,017 22,369

146,929 106,328 40,601

246,722 186,189 60,533

380,554 296,773 83,781

450,000 4

346,000 4 104,000 4

675,000 4

479,000 4 196,000 4

52,286 41,160 3 11,126 3

115,817 77,972 3 37,845 3

156,756 100,453 3 56,303 3

237,592 152,254 85,338

355,213 214,648 3 140,565 3

597,880 314,938 282,942

1,100,737 619,935 480,802

1,494,203 893,250 600,953

2,444,900 1,721,572

723,328

3,639,847 2,332,617 1,307,230

8,004,660 4,746,201 3,258,459

11,569,899 5,682,877 5,887,022

1367

Associate’s, total ................ — — — — — — — — — — 206,023 400,910Males ............................. — — — — — — — — — — 117,432 183,737Females ......................... — — — — — — — — — — 88,591 217,173

Bachelor’s, total7 ................ 9,371 12,896 15,539 27,410 37,199 48,622 122,484 186,500 432,058 392,440 792,316 929,417 1Males ............................. 7,993 10,411 12,857 22,173 28,762 31,980 73,615 109,546 328,841 254,063 451,097 473,611 Females ......................... 1,378 2,485 2,682 5,237 8,437 16,642 48,869 76,954 103,217 138,377 341,219 455,806

Master’s, total8 ................... 0 879 1,015 1,583 2,113 4,279 14,969 26,731 58,183 74,435 208,291 298,081 Males ............................. 0 868 821 1,280 1,555 2,985 8,925 16,508 41,220 50,898 125,624 150,749 Females ......................... 0 11 194 303 558 1,294 6,044 10,223 16,963 23,537 82,667 147,332

First-professional, total7 ..... — — — — — — — — — — 34,918 70,131Males ............................. — — — — — — — — — — 33,077 52,716Females ......................... — — — — — — — — — — 1,841 17,415

Doctor’s, total ..................... 1 54 149 382 443 615 2,299 3,290 6,420 9,829 29,866 32,615 Males ............................. 1 51 147 359 399 522 1,946 2,861 5,804 8,801 25,890 22,943 Females .........................

Finances

0 3 2 23 44 93 353 429 616 1,028 3,976 9,672

In thousands of current dollars

Current-fund revenue......... Educational and general

— — — — $76,883 $199,922 $554,511 $715,211 $2,374,645 $5,785,537 $21,515,242 $58,519,982 $139

income ......................... — — $21,464 $35,084 67,917 172,929 483,065 571,288 1,833,845 4,688,352 16,486,177 — Current-fund expenditures . Educational and general

— — — — — — 507,142 674,688 2,245,661 5,601,376 21,043,113 56,913,588 134

expenditures ................ — — — — — — 377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4,685,258 16,845,212 44,542,843 105Value of physical property . Market value of endowment

— — 95,426 253,599 457,594 747,333 2,065,049 9

2,753,780 4,799,964 13,548,548 42,093,580 83,733,387 164

funds............................ — — 78,788 10 194,998 10 323,661 10 569,071 10 1,372,068 10 1,686,283 10 2,601,223 10 5,322,080 10 11,206,632 20,743,045 67

—Not available. 1Prior to 1979–80, excludes branch campuses. 2Total number of different individuals (not reduced to full-time equivalent). Beginning in 1959–60, data are for the first term of the academic year. 3Estimated. 4Estimated number of senior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratios for the prior staff survey. Excludes graduate assistants. 5Because of revised survey procedures, data may not be directly comparable with figures prior to 1989–90. Estimated number of senior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratios for the prior staff sur-vey. Excludes graduate assistants. 6Data for 1869–70 to 1939–40 are for resident degree-credit students who enrolled at any time during the academic year. 7From 1869–70 to 1959–60, first-professional degrees are included under bachelor’s degrees. 8Figures for years prior to 1969–70 are not precisely comparable with later data. 9Includes unexpended plant funds.

10Book value. Includes other nonexpendable funds. NOTE: Data through 1989–90 are for institutions of higher edugranting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and paing classification is very similar to the earlier higher education clhigher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Apbecause of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center foStates; Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; Faculty Enrollment in Colleges and Universities; Earned Degrees ConfeEducation General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall EnrollmeAwards Conferred,” and “Financial Statistics of Institutions of Hsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY90–00), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-CWinter 2005–06, Winter 2007–08, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, F

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 279 Enrollment

Table 189. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: Selected years, 1947 through 2008

Year Total

enrollment

Attendance status Sex of student Control of institution

Full-time Part-time Percent

part-time Male Female Percent female Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

19471 ............................... 2,338,226 — — — 1,659,249 678,977 29.0 1,152,377 1,185,849 — — 19481 ............................... 2,403,396 — — — 1,709,367 694,029 28.9 1,185,588 1,217,808 — — 19491 ............................... 2,444,900 — — — 1,721,572 723,328 29.6 1,207,151 1,237,749 — — 19501 ............................... 2,281,298 — — — 1,560,392 720,906 31.6 1,139,699 1,141,599 — — 19511 ............................... 2,101,962 — — — 1,390,740 711,222 33.8 1,037,938 1,064,024 — —

19521 ............................... 2,134,242 — — — 1,380,357 753,885 35.3 1,101,240 1,033,002 — — 19531 ............................... 2,231,054 — — — 1,422,598 808,456 36.2 1,185,876 1,045,178 — — 19541 ............................... 2,446,693 — — — 1,563,382 883,311 36.1 1,353,531 1,093,162 — — 19551 ............................... 2,653,034 — — — 1,733,184 919,850 34.7 1,476,282 1,176,752 — — 19561 ............................... 2,918,212 — — — 1,911,458 1,006,754 34.5 1,656,402 1,261,810 — —

1957................................. 3,323,783 — — — 2,170,765 1,153,018 34.7 1,972,673 1,351,110 — — 1959................................. 3,639,847 2,421,016 1,218,831 2 33.5 2,332,617 1,307,230 35.9 2,180,982 1,458,865 — — 1961................................. 4,145,065 2,785,133 1,359,932 2 32.8 2,585,821 1,559,244 37.6 2,561,447 1,583,618 — — 1963................................. 4,779,609 3,183,833 1,595,776 2 33.4 2,961,540 1,818,069 38.0 3,081,279 1,698,330 — — 1964................................. 5,280,020 3,573,238 1,706,782 2 32.3 3,248,713 2,031,307 38.5 3,467,708 1,812,312 — —

1965................................. 5,920,864 4,095,728 1,825,136 2 30.8 3,630,020 2,290,844 38.7 3,969,596 1,951,268 — — 1966................................. 6,389,872 4,438,606 1,951,266 2 30.5 3,856,216 2,533,656 39.7 4,348,917 2,040,955 — — 1967................................. 6,911,748 4,793,128 2,118,620 2 30.7 4,132,800 2,778,948 40.2 4,816,028 2,095,720 2,074,041 21,679 1968................................. 7,513,091 5,210,155 2,302,936 30.7 4,477,649 3,035,442 40.4 5,430,652 2,082,439 2,061,211 21,228 1969................................. 8,004,660 5,498,883 2,505,777 31.3 4,746,201 3,258,459 40.7 5,896,868 2,107,792 2,087,653 20,139

1970................................. 8,580,887 5,816,290 2,764,597 32.2 5,043,642 3,537,245 41.2 6,428,134 2,152,753 2,134,420 18,333 1971................................. 8,948,644 6,077,232 2,871,412 32.1 5,207,004 3,741,640 41.8 6,804,309 2,144,335 2,121,913 22,422 1972................................. 9,214,860 6,072,389 3,142,471 34.1 5,238,757 3,976,103 43.1 7,070,635 2,144,225 2,123,245 20,980 1973................................. 9,602,123 6,189,493 3,412,630 35.5 5,371,052 4,231,071 44.1 7,419,516 2,182,607 2,148,784 33,823 1974................................. 10,223,729 6,370,273 3,853,456 37.7 5,622,429 4,601,300 45.0 7,988,500 2,235,229 2,200,963 34,266

1975................................. 11,184,859 6,841,334 4,343,525 38.8 6,148,997 5,035,862 45.0 8,834,508 2,350,351 2,311,448 38,903 1976................................. 11,012,137 6,717,058 4,295,079 39.0 5,810,828 5,201,309 47.2 8,653,477 2,358,660 2,314,298 44,362 1977................................. 11,285,787 6,792,925 4,492,862 39.8 5,789,016 5,496,771 48.7 8,846,993 2,438,794 2,386,652 52,142 1978................................. 11,260,092 6,667,657 4,592,435 40.8 5,640,998 5,619,094 49.9 8,785,893 2,474,199 2,408,331 65,868 1979................................. 11,569,899 6,794,039 4,775,860 41.3 5,682,877 5,887,022 50.9 9,036,822 2,533,077 2,461,773 71,304

1980................................. 12,096,895 7,097,958 4,998,937 41.3 5,874,374 6,222,521 51.4 9,457,394 2,639,501 2,527,787 111,714 3 1981................................. 12,371,672 7,181,250 5,190,422 42.0 5,975,056 6,396,616 51.7 9,647,032 2,724,640 2,572,405 152,235 3 1982................................. 12,425,780 7,220,618 5,205,162 41.9 6,031,384 6,394,396 51.5 9,696,087 2,729,693 2,552,739 176,954 3 1983................................. 12,464,661 7,261,050 5,203,611 41.7 6,023,725 6,440,936 51.7 9,682,734 2,781,927 2,589,187 192,740 1984................................. 12,241,940 7,098,388 5,143,552 42.0 5,863,574 6,378,366 52.1 9,477,370 2,764,570 2,574,419 190,151

1985................................. 12,247,055 7,075,221 5,171,834 42.2 5,818,450 6,428,605 52.5 9,479,273 2,767,782 2,571,791 195,991 1986................................. 12,503,511 7,119,550 5,383,961 43.1 5,884,515 6,618,996 52.9 9,713,893 2,789,618 2,572,479 217,139 4 1987................................. 12,766,642 7,231,085 5,535,557 43.4 5,932,056 6,834,586 53.5 9,973,254 2,793,388 2,602,350 191,038 4 1988................................. 13,055,337 7,436,768 5,618,569 43.0 6,001,896 7,053,441 54.0 10,161,388 2,893,949 2,673,567 220,382 1989................................. 13,538,560 7,660,950 5,877,610 43.4 6,190,015 7,348,545 54.3 10,577,963 2,960,597 2,731,174 229,423

1990................................. 13,818,637 7,820,985 5,997,652 43.4 6,283,909 7,534,728 54.5 10,844,717 2,973,920 2,760,227 213,693 1991................................. 14,358,953 8,115,329 6,243,624 43.5 6,501,844 7,857,109 54.7 11,309,563 3,049,390 2,819,041 230,349 1992................................. 14,487,359 8,162,118 6,325,241 43.7 6,523,989 7,963,370 55.0 11,384,567 3,102,792 2,872,523 230,269 1993................................. 14,304,803 8,127,618 6,177,185 43.2 6,427,450 7,877,353 55.1 11,189,088 3,115,715 2,888,897 226,818 1994................................. 14,278,790 8,137,776 6,141,014 43.0 6,371,898 7,906,892 55.4 11,133,680 3,145,110 2,910,107 235,003

1995................................. 14,261,781 8,128,802 6,132,979 43.0 6,342,539 7,919,242 55.5 11,092,374 3,169,407 2,929,044 240,363 1996................................. 14,367,520 8,302,953 6,064,567 42.2 6,352,825 8,014,695 55.8 11,120,499 3,247,021 2,942,556 304,465 1997................................. 14,502,334 8,438,062 6,064,272 41.8 6,396,028 8,106,306 55.9 11,196,119 3,306,215 2,977,614 328,601 1998................................. 14,506,967 8,563,338 5,943,629 41.0 6,369,265 8,137,702 56.1 11,137,769 3,369,198 3,004,925 364,273 1999................................. 14,791,224 8,786,494 6,004,730 40.6 6,490,646 8,300,578 56.1 11,309,399 3,481,825 3,051,626 430,199

2000................................. 15,312,289 9,009,600 6,302,689 41.2 6,721,769 8,590,520 56.1 11,752,786 3,559,503 3,109,419 450,084 2001................................. 15,927,987 9,447,502 6,480,485 40.7 6,960,815 8,967,172 56.3 12,233,156 3,694,831 3,167,330 527,501 2002................................. 16,611,711 9,946,359 6,665,352 40.1 7,202,116 9,409,595 56.6 12,751,993 3,859,718 3,265,476 594,242 2003................................. 16,911,481 10,326,133 6,585,348 38.9 7,260,264 9,651,217 57.1 12,858,698 4,052,783 3,341,048 711,735 2004................................. 17,272,044 10,610,177 6,661,867 38.6 7,387,262 9,884,782 57.2 12,980,112 4,291,932 3,411,685 880,247

2005................................. 17,487,475 10,797,011 6,690,464 38.3 7,455,925 10,031,550 57.4 13,021,834 4,465,641 3,454,692 1,010,949 2006................................. 17,758,870 10,957,305 6,801,565 38.3 7,574,815 10,184,055 57.3 13,180,133 4,578,737 3,512,866 1,065,871 2007................................. 18,248,128 11,269,892 6,978,236 38.2 7,815,914 10,432,214 57.2 13,490,780 4,757,348 3,571,150 1,186,198 2008................................. 19,102,814 11,747,743 7,355,071 38.5 8,188,895 10,913,919 57.1 13,972,153 5,130,661 3,661,519 1,469,142

—Not available. 1Degree-credit enrollment only. 2Includes part-time resident students and all extension students (students attending courses at sites separate from the primary reporting campus). 3Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 4Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years. NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1963 through 1965; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Col-leges and Universities” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2008 Integrated Post-secondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2009. (This table was prepared September 2009.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

280 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education Enrollment

Table 190. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 1963 through 2008

Year

All institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

2-year Total University Other

4-year Total University Other

4-year Total University Other

4-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

19631 .................... 4,779,609 3,929,248 — — 850,361 3,081,279 2,341,468 — — 739,811 1,698,330 1,587,780 — — 110,550 19641 .................... 5,280,020 4,291,094 — — 988,926 3,467,708 2,592,929 — — 874,779 1,812,312 1,698,165 — — 114,147 19651 .................... 5,920,864 4,747,912 — — 1,172,952 3,969,596 2,928,332 — — 1,041,264 1,951,268 1,819,580 — — 131,688 19661 .................... 6,389,872 5,063,902 — — 1,325,970 4,348,917 3,159,748 — — 1,189,169 2,040,955 1,904,154 — — 136,801 1967...................... 6,911,748 5,398,986 2,186,235 3,212,751 1,512,762 4,816,028 3,443,975 1,510,333 1,933,642 1,372,053 2,095,720 1,955,011 675,902 1,279,109 140,709 1968...................... 7,513,091 5,720,269 2,266,120 3,454,149 1,792,822 5,430,652 3,783,652 1,592,707 2,190,945 1,647,000 2,082,439 1,936,617 673,413 1,263,204 145,822 1969...................... 8,004,660 5,937,127 2,420,429 3,516,698 2,067,533 5,896,868 3,962,522 1,738,493 2,224,029 1,934,346 2,107,792 1,974,605 681,936 1,292,669 133,187

1970...................... 8,580,887 6,261,502 2,534,336 3,727,166 2,319,385 6,428,134 4,232,722 1,832,694 2,400,028 2,195,412 2,152,753 2,028,780 701,642 1,327,138 123,973 1971...................... 8,948,644 6,369,355 2,594,470 3,774,885 2,579,289 6,804,309 4,346,990 1,913,626 2,433,364 2,457,319 2,144,335 2,022,365 680,844 1,341,521 121,970 1972...................... 9,214,860 6,458,674 2,620,749 3,837,925 2,756,186 7,070,635 4,429,696 1,941,040 2,488,656 2,640,939 2,144,225 2,028,978 679,709 1,349,269 115,247 1973...................... 9,602,123 6,590,023 2,629,796 3,960,227 3,012,100 7,419,516 4,529,895 1,950,653 2,579,242 2,889,621 2,182,607 2,060,128 679,143 1,380,985 122,479 1974...................... 10,223,729 6,819,735 2,702,306 4,117,429 3,403,994 7,988,500 4,703,018 2,006,723 2,696,295 3,285,482 2,235,229 2,116,717 695,583 1,421,134 118,512

1975...................... 11,184,859 7,214,740 2,838,266 4,376,474 3,970,119 8,834,508 4,998,142 2,124,221 2,873,921 3,836,366 2,350,351 2,216,598 714,045 1,502,553 133,753 1976...................... 11,012,137 7,128,816 2,780,289 4,348,527 3,883,321 8,653,477 4,901,691 2,079,929 2,821,762 3,751,786 2,358,660 2,227,125 700,360 1,526,765 131,535 1977...................... 11,285,787 7,242,845 2,793,418 4,449,427 4,042,942 8,846,993 4,945,224 2,070,032 2,875,192 3,901,769 2,438,794 2,297,621 723,386 1,574,235 141,173 1978...................... 11,260,092 7,231,625 2,780,729 4,451,222 4,028,467 8,785,893 4,912,203 2,062,295 2,849,908 3,873,690 2,474,199 2,319,422 718,434 1,601,314 154,777 1979...................... 11,569,899 7,353,233 2,839,582 4,513,651 4,216,666 9,036,822 4,980,012 2,099,525 2,880,487 4,056,810 2,533,077 2,373,221 740,057 1,633,164 159,856

1980...................... 12,096,895 7,570,608 2,902,014 4,668,594 4,526,287 9,457,394 5,128,612 2,154,283 2,974,329 4,328,782 2,639,501 2,441,996 747,731 1,694,265 197,505 2

1981...................... 12,371,672 7,655,461 2,901,344 4,754,117 4,716,211 9,647,032 5,166,324 2,152,474 3,013,850 4,480,708 2,724,640 2,489,137 748,870 1,740,267 235,503 2

1982...................... 12,425,780 7,654,074 2,883,735 4,770,339 4,771,706 9,696,087 5,176,434 2,152,547 3,023,887 4,519,653 2,729,693 2,477,640 731,188 1,746,452 252,053 2

1983...................... 12,464,661 7,741,195 2,888,813 4,852,382 4,723,466 9,682,734 5,223,404 2,154,790 3,068,614 4,459,330 2,781,927 2,517,791 734,023 1,783,768 264,136 1984...................... 12,241,940 7,711,167 2,870,329 4,840,838 4,530,773 9,477,370 5,198,273 2,138,621 3,059,652 4,279,097 2,764,570 2,512,894 731,708 1,781,186 251,676

1985...................... 12,247,055 7,715,978 2,870,692 4,845,286 4,531,077 9,479,273 5,209,540 2,141,112 3,068,428 4,269,733 2,767,782 2,506,438 729,580 1,776,858 261,344 1986...................... 12,503,511 7,823,963 2,897,207 4,926,756 4,679,548 9,713,893 5,300,202 2,160,646 3,139,556 4,413,691 2,789,618 2,523,761 736,561 1,787,200 265,857 3

1987...................... 12,766,642 7,990,420 2,929,327 5,061,093 4,776,222 9,973,254 5,432,200 2,188,008 3,244,192 4,541,054 2,793,388 2,558,220 741,319 1,816,901 235,168 3

1988...................... 13,055,337 8,180,182 2,978,593 5,201,589 4,875,155 10,161,388 5,545,901 2,229,868 3,316,033 4,615,487 2,893,949 2,634,281 748,725 1,885,556 259,668 1989...................... 13,538,560 8,387,671 3,019,115 5,368,556 5,150,889 10,577,963 5,694,303 2,266,056 3,428,247 4,883,660 2,960,597 2,693,368 753,059 1,940,309 267,229

1990...................... 13,818,637 8,578,554 3,044,670 5,533,884 5,240,083 10,844,717 5,848,242 2,290,464 3,557,778 4,996,475 2,973,920 2,730,312 754,206 1,976,106 243,608 1991...................... 14,358,953 8,707,053 3,065,429 5,641,624 5,651,900 11,309,563 5,904,748 2,301,222 3,603,526 5,404,815 3,049,390 2,802,305 764,207 2,038,098 247,085 1992...................... 14,487,359 8,764,969 3,050,345 5,714,624 5,722,390 11,384,567 5,900,012 2,283,834 3,616,178 5,484,555 3,102,792 2,864,957 766,511 2,098,446 237,835 1993...................... 14,304,803 8,738,936 3,022,728 5,716,208 5,565,867 11,189,088 5,851,760 2,259,692 3,592,068 5,337,328 3,115,715 2,887,176 763,036 2,124,140 228,539 1994...................... 14,278,790 8,749,080 3,009,072 5,740,008 5,529,710 11,133,680 5,825,213 2,244,636 3,580,577 5,308,467 3,145,110 2,923,867 764,436 2,159,431 221,243

1995...................... 14,261,781 8,769,252 2,999,641 5,769,611 5,492,529 11,092,374 5,814,545 2,235,939 3,578,606 5,277,829 3,169,407 2,954,707 763,702 2,191,005 214,700 1996...................... 14,367,520 8,804,193 2,984,965 5,819,228 5,563,327 11,120,499 5,806,036 2,226,529 3,579,507 5,314,463 3,247,021 2,998,157 758,436 2,239,721 248,864 1997...................... 14,502,334 8,896,765 2,995,886 5,900,879 5,605,569 11,196,119 5,835,433 2,231,273 3,604,160 5,360,686 3,306,215 3,061,332 764,613 2,296,719 244,883 1998...................... 14,506,967 9,017,653 3,021,136 5,996,517 5,489,314 11,137,769 5,891,806 2,249,825 3,641,981 5,245,963 3,369,198 3,125,847 771,311 2,354,536 243,351 1999...................... 14,791,224 9,198,525 3,044,369 6,154,156 5,592,699 11,309,399 5,969,950 2,266,494 3,703,456 5,339,449 3,481,825 3,228,575 777,875 2,450,700 253,250

2000...................... 15,312,289 9,363,858 3,061,812 6,302,046 5,948,431 11,752,786 6,055,398 2,280,122 3,775,276 5,697,388 3,559,503 3,308,460 781,690 2,526,770 251,043 2001...................... 15,927,987 9,677,408 3,126,907 6,550,501 6,250,579 12,233,156 6,236,455 2,336,922 3,899,533 5,996,701 3,694,831 3,440,953 789,985 2,650,968 253,878 2002...................... 16,611,711 10,082,332 3,210,271 6,872,061 6,529,379 12,751,993 6,481,613 2,403,149 4,078,464 6,270,380 3,859,718 3,600,719 807,122 2,793,597 258,999 2003...................... 16,911,481 10,417,247 3,242,639 7,174,608 6,494,234 12,858,698 6,649,441 2,419,631 4,229,810 6,209,257 4,052,783 3,767,806 823,008 2,944,798 284,977 2004...................... 17,272,044 10,726,181 3,258,982 7,467,199 6,545,863 12,980,112 6,736,536 2,426,495 4,310,041 6,243,576 4,291,932 3,989,645 832,487 3,157,158 302,287

2005...................... 17,487,475 10,999,420 3,271,620 7,727,800 6,488,055 13,021,834 6,837,605 2,443,682 4,393,923 6,184,229 4,465,641 4,161,815 827,938 3,333,877 303,826 2006...................... 17,758,870 11,240,330 3,306,973 7,933,357 6,518,540 13,180,133 6,955,013 2,459,874 4,495,139 6,225,120 4,578,737 4,285,317 847,099 3,438,218 293,420 2007...................... 18,248,128 11,630,198 3,349,214 8,280,984 6,617,930 13,490,780 7,166,661 2,490,615 4,676,046 6,324,119 4,757,348 4,463,537 858,599 3,604,938 293,811 2008...................... 19,102,814 12,131,436 3,412,435 8,719,001 6,971,378 13,972,153 7,331,809 2,544,529 4,787,280 6,640,344 5,130,661 4,799,627 867,906 3,931,721 331,034

—Not available. 1Data for 2-year branch campuses of 4-year institutions are included with the 4-year institutions. 2Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Com-mission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 3Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years. NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1965; Higher Education General Informa-tion Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2009. (This table was prepared September 2009.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 281 Enrollment

Table 191. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by sex, age, and attendance status: Selected years, 1970 through 2018 [In thousands]

Sex, age, and attendance status 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Projected

2009 2013 2018

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

All students ............................... 8,581 12,097 13,819 14,262 15,312 15,928 16,612 16,911 17,272 17,487 17,759 18,248 19,037 19,710 20,620 14 to 17 years old ............................... 259 247 177 148 145 133 202 150 200 199 231 179 146 142 161 18 and 19 years old ............................ 2,600 2,901 2,950 2,894 3,531 3,595 3,571 3,479 3,578 3,610 3,769 3,978 4,162 4,032 4,175 20 and 21 years old ............................ 1,880 2,424 2,761 2,705 3,045 3,408 3,366 3,472 3,651 3,778 3,648 3,761 4,021 4,157 4,128 22 to 24 years old ............................... 1,457 1,989 2,144 2,411 2,617 2,760 2,932 3,482 3,036 3,072 3,193 3,362 3,438 3,750 3,820 25 to 29 years old ............................... 1,074 1,871 1,982 2,120 1,960 2,014 2,102 2,107 2,386 2,384 2,401 2,522 2,667 2,800 3,097 30 to 34 years old ............................... 487 1,243 1,322 1,236 1,265 1,290 1,300 1,369 1,329 1,354 1,409 1,428 1,525 1,716 1,856 35 years old and over ......................... 823 1,421 2,484 2,747 2,749 2,727 3,139 2,853 3,092 3,090 3,107 3,017 3,078 3,113 3,383 Males .................................................. 5,044 5,874 6,284 6,343 6,722 6,961 7,202 7,260 7,387 7,456 7,575 7,816 8,210 8,359 8,505

14 to 17 years old ........................... 130 99 87 61 63 54 82 60 78 78 82 75 77 74 81 18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,349 1,375 1,421 1,338 1,583 1,629 1,616 1,557 1,551 1,592 1,705 1,805 1,851 1,768 1,784 20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,095 1,259 1,368 1,282 1,382 1,591 1,562 1,491 1,743 1,778 1,673 1,633 1,793 1,829 1,773 22 to 24 years old ........................... 964 1,064 1,107 1,153 1,293 1,312 1,342 1,605 1,380 1,355 1,470 1,551 1,588 1,699 1,669 25 to 29 years old ........................... 783 993 940 962 862 905 890 930 1,045 978 1,051 1,020 1,110 1,139 1,243 30 to 34 years old ........................... 308 576 537 561 527 510 547 592 518 545 557 659 697 766 811 35 years old and over...................... 415 507 824 986 1,012 961 1,164 1,025 1,073 1,130 1,037 1,074 1,094 1,083 1,144

Females .............................................. 3,537 6,223 7,535 7,919 8,591 8,967 9,410 9,651 9,885 10,032 10,184 10,432 10,827 11,351 12,115 14 to 17 years old ........................... 129 148 90 87 82 79 121 91 122 121 149 104 69 68 81 18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,250 1,526 1,529 1,557 1,948 1,966 1,955 1,921 2,027 2,018 2,064 2,173 2,311 2,264 2,391 20 and 21 years old ........................ 786 1,165 1,392 1,424 1,663 1,817 1,804 1,981 1,908 2,000 1,975 2,129 2,227 2,328 2,356 22 to 24 years old ........................... 493 925 1,037 1,258 1,324 1,448 1,590 1,877 1,657 1,717 1,724 1,811 1,850 2,051 2,151 25 to 29 years old ........................... 291 878 1,043 1,159 1,099 1,110 1,212 1,177 1,341 1,406 1,350 1,502 1,557 1,661 1,854 30 to 34 years old ........................... 179 667 784 675 738 780 753 777 812 809 852 770 829 949 1,044 35 years old and over...................... 409 914 1,659 1,760 1,736 1,767 1,976 1,828 2,018 1,960 2,070 1,943 1,984 2,030 2,239

Full-time............................................. 5,816 7,098 7,821 8,129 9,010 9,448 9,946 10,326 10,610 10,797 10,957 11,270 11,833 12,290 12,932 14 to 17 years old ........................... 242 223 144 123 125 122 161 120 165 131 166 153 103 101 117 18 and 19 years old ........................ 2,406 2,669 2,548 2,387 2,932 2,929 2,942 2,953 3,028 3,037 3,155 3,379 3,548 3,454 3,625 20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,647 2,075 2,151 2,109 2,401 2,662 2,759 2,766 2,911 3,030 2,944 3,021 3,246 3,375 3,409 22 to 24 years old ........................... 881 1,121 1,350 1,517 1,653 1,757 1,922 2,144 2,074 2,097 2,093 2,133 2,187 2,412 2,524 25 to 29 years old ........................... 407 577 770 908 878 883 1,013 1,072 1,131 1,136 1,217 1,263 1,312 1,395 1,547 30 to 34 years old ........................... 100 251 387 430 422 494 465 512 490 549 605 549 596 682 747 35 years old and over...................... 134 182 471 653 599 602 684 758 812 818 778 772 842 870 963 Males .............................................. 3,505 3,689 3,808 3,807 4,111 4,300 4,501 4,638 4,739 4,803 4,879 5,029 5,292 5,383 5,513

14 to 17 years old........................ 124 87 71 54 51 43 65 50 63 36 66 58 56 54 59 18 and 19 years old..................... 1,265 1,270 1,230 1,091 1,250 1,329 1,327 1,307 1,313 1,357 1,409 1,532 1,574 1,509 1,535 20 and 21 years old..................... 990 1,109 1,055 999 1,106 1,249 1,275 1,218 1,385 1,460 1,331 1,344 1,480 1,513 1,481 22 to 24 years old........................ 650 665 742 789 839 854 936 1,041 960 951 1,003 1,007 1,035 1,114 1,114 25 to 29 years old........................ 327 360 401 454 415 397 467 503 509 439 562 585 595 614 688 30 to 34 years old........................ 72 124 156 183 195 216 183 242 201 238 232 228 253 280 307 35 years old and over.................. 75 74 152 238 256 212 247 277 310 321 275 275 300 299 329

Females .......................................... 2,311 3,409 4,013 4,321 4,899 5,148 5,445 5,688 5,871 5,994 6,078 6,240 6,541 6,907 7,419 14 to 17 years old........................ 117 136 73 69 74 78 96 71 103 94 100 95 47 47 57 18 and 19 years old..................... 1,140 1,399 1,318 1,296 1,682 1,600 1,615 1,645 1,716 1,680 1,746 1,847 1,974 1,946 2,090 20 and 21 years old..................... 657 966 1,096 1,111 1,296 1,413 1,484 1,548 1,526 1,569 1,612 1,677 1,766 1,862 1,928 22 to 24 years old........................ 231 456 608 729 814 903 985 1,103 1,113 1,146 1,090 1,127 1,152 1,298 1,410 25 to 29 years old........................ 80 217 369 455 463 486 546 569 622 697 654 678 716 781 860 30 to 34 years old........................ 28 127 231 247 227 277 282 270 289 311 372 320 343 402 440 35 years old and over.................. 59 108 319 415 343 390 437 482 502 497 503 497 542 571 634

Part-time ............................................ 2,765 4,999 5,998 6,133 6,303 6,480 6,665 6,585 6,662 6,690 6,802 6,978 7,204 7,421 7,688 14 to 17 years old ........................... 17 38 32 25 20 11 41 30 35 68 65 26 43 42 45 18 and 19 years old ........................ 194 418 402 507 599 666 628 526 549 573 614 600 614 578 550 20 and 21 years old ........................ 233 441 610 596 644 746 607 706 741 748 704 740 775 782 719 22 to 24 years old ........................... 576 844 794 894 964 1,003 1,010 1,338 963 976 1,100 1,229 1,251 1,339 1,296 25 to 29 years old ........................... 668 1,209 1,213 1,212 1,083 1,132 1,088 1,035 1,255 1,248 1,184 1,259 1,355 1,405 1,550 30 to 34 years old ........................... 388 905 935 805 843 796 835 856 839 805 805 880 930 1,033 1,109 35 years old and over...................... 689 1,145 2,012 2,093 2,150 2,126 2,456 2,094 2,280 2,272 2,329 2,245 2,237 2,243 2,420 Males .............................................. 1,540 2,185 2,476 2,535 2,611 2,661 2,701 2,622 2,648 2,653 2,696 2,786 2,918 2,976 2,992

14 to 17 years old........................ 5 17 16 7 11 11 17 10 15 41 16 17 21 20 21 18 and 19 years old..................... 84 202 191 246 333 300 288 250 239 235 297 273 276 260 249 20 and 21 years old..................... 105 201 313 283 276 342 287 274 358 318 341 288 314 316 292 22 to 24 years old........................ 314 392 365 365 454 458 405 564 419 405 466 544 553 586 555 25 to 29 years old........................ 456 594 539 508 447 508 423 427 536 539 488 435 515 525 555 30 to 34 years old........................ 236 397 381 378 332 294 364 350 317 306 325 430 444 486 504 35 years old and over.................. 340 382 672 748 757 749 917 748 764 809 762 799 795 784 815

Females .......................................... 1,225 2,814 3,521 3,598 3,692 3,820 3,964 3,963 4,014 4,038 4,106 4,192 4,286 4,444 4,696 14 to 17 years old........................ 12 20 17 18 9 1 24 20 19 27 48 9 22 21 23 18 and 19 years old..................... 110 215 211 261 266 366 340 276 311 338 318 327 338 318 301 20 and 21 years old..................... 128 240 297 313 368 404 320 433 382 430 363 452 461 466 427 22 to 24 years old........................ 262 452 429 529 510 545 605 774 543 571 634 685 698 753 740 25 to 29 years old........................ 212 616 674 704 636 624 666 608 720 709 696 824 840 880 994 30 to 34 years old........................ 151 507 554 427 511 502 471 507 523 499 480 449 486 547 605 35 years old and over.................. 349 762 1,340 1,345 1,393 1,377 1,539 1,346 1,516 1,464 1,567 1,446 1,442 1,459 1,605

NOTE: Distributions by age are estimates based on samples of the civilian noninstitutional SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher population from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey. Data through 1995 Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universi-are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. ties” surveys, 1970 and 1980; 1990 through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90–99), and Spring 2001 through federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the ear- Spring 2008; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2018. U.S. Department of Com-lier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few merce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, selected years, 1970 higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to through 2008. (This table was prepared September 2009.) Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

282 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education Enrollment

Table 192. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, age, and attendance status of student: 2007

Age of student and All levels Undergraduate First-professional Graduate

attendance status Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All students ............................. 18,248,128 7,815,914 10,432,214 15,603,771 6,727,600 8,876,171 350,764 177,988 172,776 2,293,593 910,326 1,383,267 Under 18........................................... 668,426 277,582 390,844 668,193 277,489 390,704 18 5 13 215 88 127 18 and 19.......................................... 3,963,371 1,794,001 2,169,370 3,961,149 1,793,284 2,167,865 1,291 464 827 931 253 678 20 and 21.......................................... 3,642,872 1,647,492 1,995,380 3,612,195 1,635,396 1,976,799 11,926 4,454 7,472 18,751 7,642 11,109 22 to 24............................................. 3,009,713 1,381,504 1,628,209 2,474,561 1,168,612 1,305,949 133,563 61,463 72,100 401,589 151,429 250,160 25 to 29............................................. 2,550,482 1,091,510 1,458,972 1,710,195 728,331 981,864 138,825 74,285 64,540 701,462 288,894 412,568 30 to 34............................................. 1,365,912 551,208 814,704 944,123 357,944 586,179 31,764 19,067 12,697 390,025 174,197 215,828 35 to 39............................................. 980,818 368,814 612,004 709,012 251,299 457,713 13,326 7,895 5,431 258,480 109,620 148,860 40 to 49............................................. 1,266,171 423,603 842,568 935,783 304,967 630,816 12,314 6,613 5,701 318,074 112,023 206,051 50 to 64............................................. 627,603 208,067 419,536 445,568 150,103 295,465 6,197 2,902 3,295 175,838 55,062 120,776 65 and over....................................... 77,379 31,040 46,339 70,608 27,847 42,761 288 132 156 6,483 3,061 3,422 Age unknown.................................... 95,381 41,093 54,288 72,384 32,328 40,056 1,252 708 544 21,745 8,057 13,688

Full-time............................................ 11,269,892 5,029,444 6,240,448 9,840,978 4,396,868 5,444,110 316,549 159,328 157,221 1,112,365 473,248 639,117 Under 18 ....................................... 171,784 69,033 102,751 171,705 69,000 102,705 15 4 11 64 29 35 18 and 19...................................... 3,383,318 1,522,297 1,861,021 3,381,502 1,521,669 1,859,833 1,286 461 825 530 167 363 20 and 21...................................... 2,964,697 1,346,897 1,617,800 2,937,292 1,335,936 1,601,356 11,695 4,354 7,341 15,710 6,607 9,103 22 to 24......................................... 1,986,776 949,700 1,037,076 1,572,230 778,160 794,070 128,394 58,966 69,428 286,152 112,574 173,578 25 to 29......................................... 1,284,698 584,798 699,900 776,416 346,671 429,745 127,726 68,108 59,618 380,556 170,019 210,537 30 to 34......................................... 565,710 235,321 330,389 365,008 135,611 229,397 26,135 15,665 10,470 174,567 84,045 90,522 35 to 39......................................... 347,864 130,397 217,467 241,500 81,381 160,119 9,555 5,666 3,889 96,809 43,350 53,459 40 to 49......................................... 380,043 125,982 254,061 270,137 84,186 185,951 7,527 4,056 3,471 102,379 37,740 64,639 50 to 64......................................... 145,757 47,812 97,945 93,913 30,478 63,435 3,153 1,449 1,704 48,691 15,885 32,806 65 and over ................................... 4,868 2,260 2,608 3,185 1,471 1,714 149 68 81 1,534 721 813 Age unknown ................................ 34,377 14,947 19,430 28,090 12,305 15,785 914 531 383 5,373 2,111 3,262

Part-time ........................................... 6,978,236 2,786,470 4,191,766 5,762,793 2,330,732 3,432,061 34,215 18,660 15,555 1,181,228 437,078 744,150 Under 18 ....................................... 496,642 208,549 288,093 496,488 208,489 287,999 3 1 2 151 59 9218 and 19...................................... 580,053 271,704 308,349 579,647 271,615 308,032 5 3 2 401 86 31520 and 21...................................... 678,175 300,595 377,580 674,903 299,460 375,443 231 100 131 3,041 1,035 2,006 22 to 24......................................... 1,022,937 431,804 591,133 902,331 390,452 511,879 5,169 2,497 2,672 115,437 38,855 76,582 25 to 29......................................... 1,265,784 506,712 759,072 933,779 381,660 552,119 11,099 6,177 4,922 320,906 118,875 202,031 30 to 34......................................... 800,202 315,887 484,315 579,115 222,333 356,782 5,629 3,402 2,227 215,458 90,152 125,306 35 to 39......................................... 632,954 238,417 394,537 467,512 169,918 297,594 3,771 2,229 1,542 161,671 66,270 95,401 40 to 49......................................... 886,128 297,621 588,507 665,646 220,781 444,865 4,787 2,557 2,230 215,695 74,283 141,412 50 to 64......................................... 481,846 160,255 321,591 351,655 119,625 232,030 3,044 1,453 1,591 127,147 39,177 87,970 65 and over ................................... 72,511 28,780 43,731 67,423 26,376 41,047 139 64 75 4,949 2,340 2,609 Age unknown ................................ 61,004 26,146 34,858 44,294 20,023 24,271 338 177 161 16,372 5,946 10,426

Percentage distribution

All students ............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18........................................... 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.4 # # # # # # 18 and 19.......................................... 21.7 23.0 20.8 25.4 26.7 24.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 # # # 20 and 21.......................................... 20.0 21.1 19.1 23.1 24.3 22.3 3.4 2.5 4.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 22 to 24............................................. 16.5 17.7 15.6 15.9 17.4 14.7 38.1 34.5 41.7 17.5 16.6 18.1 25 to 29............................................. 14.0 14.0 14.0 11.0 10.8 11.1 39.6 41.7 37.4 30.6 31.7 29.8 30 to 34............................................. 7.5 7.1 7.8 6.1 5.3 6.6 9.1 10.7 7.3 17.0 19.1 15.6 35 to 39............................................. 5.4 4.7 5.9 4.5 3.7 5.2 3.8 4.4 3.1 11.3 12.0 10.8 40 to 49............................................. 6.9 5.4 8.1 6.0 4.5 7.1 3.5 3.7 3.3 13.9 12.3 14.9 50 to 64............................................. 3.4 2.7 4.0 2.9 2.2 3.3 1.8 1.6 1.9 7.7 6.0 8.7 65 and over....................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 Age unknown.................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.0

Full-time............................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18 ....................................... 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.9 # # # # # # 18 and 19...................................... 30.0 30.3 29.8 34.4 34.6 34.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 # # # 20 and 21...................................... 26.3 26.8 25.9 29.8 30.4 29.4 3.7 2.7 4.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 22 to 24......................................... 17.6 18.9 16.6 16.0 17.7 14.6 40.6 37.0 44.2 25.7 23.8 27.2 25 to 29......................................... 11.4 11.6 11.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 40.3 42.7 37.9 34.2 35.9 32.9 30 to 34......................................... 5.0 4.7 5.3 3.7 3.1 4.2 8.3 9.8 6.7 15.7 17.8 14.2 35 to 39......................................... 3.1 2.6 3.5 2.5 1.9 2.9 3.0 3.6 2.5 8.7 9.2 8.4 40 to 49......................................... 3.4 2.5 4.1 2.7 1.9 3.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 9.2 8.0 10.1 50 to 64......................................... 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 4.4 3.4 5.1 65 and over ................................... # # # # # # # # 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1Age unknown ................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5

Part-time ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18 ....................................... 7.1 7.5 6.9 8.6 8.9 8.4 # # # # # # 18 and 19...................................... 8.3 9.8 7.4 10.1 11.7 9.0 # # # # # # 20 and 21...................................... 9.7 10.8 9.0 11.7 12.8 10.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 22 to 24......................................... 14.7 15.5 14.1 15.7 16.8 14.9 15.1 13.4 17.2 9.8 8.9 10.3 25 to 29......................................... 18.1 18.2 18.1 16.2 16.4 16.1 32.4 33.1 31.6 27.2 27.2 27.1 30 to 34......................................... 11.5 11.3 11.6 10.0 9.5 10.4 16.5 18.2 14.3 18.2 20.6 16.8 35 to 39......................................... 9.1 8.6 9.4 8.1 7.3 8.7 11.0 11.9 9.9 13.7 15.2 12.8 40 to 49......................................... 12.7 10.7 14.0 11.6 9.5 13.0 14.0 13.7 14.3 18.3 17.0 19.0 50 to 64......................................... 6.9 5.8 7.7 6.1 5.1 6.8 8.9 7.8 10.2 10.8 9.0 11.8 65 and over ................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 Age unknown ................................ 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4

#Rounds to zero. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007 NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2007. (This table was Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. prepared October 2008.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2009

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 283 Enrollment

Table 193. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution, age, and attendance status of student: 2007

Age of student and attendance status

All institutions Public institutions Private (not-for-profit and for-profit)

institutions Private not-for-profit institutions only

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All students ................................ 18,248,128 11,630,198 6,617,930 13,490,780 7,166,661 6,324,119 4,757,348 4,463,537 293,811 3,571,150 3,537,664 33,486 Under 18 .............................................. 668,426 226,437 441,989 603,430 164,703 438,727 64,996 61,734 3,262 60,050 58,797 1,253 18 and 19 ............................................. 3,963,371 2,496,501 1,466,870 3,087,771 1,667,313 1,420,458 875,600 829,188 46,412 784,185 776,105 8,080 20 and 21 ............................................. 3,642,872 2,540,470 1,102,402 2,749,406 1,698,286 1,051,120 893,466 842,184 51,282 768,560 763,235 5,325 22 to 24 ................................................ 3,009,713 2,108,489 901,224 2,286,919 1,437,269 849,650 722,794 671,220 51,574 557,120 552,583 4,537 25 to 29 ................................................ 2,550,482 1,690,509 859,973 1,765,751 962,096 803,655 784,731 728,413 56,318 529,744 525,022 4,722 30 to 34 ................................................ 1,365,912 855,514 510,398 919,828 440,675 479,153 446,084 414,839 31,245 269,966 267,016 2,950 35 to 39 ................................................ 980,818 584,732 396,086 654,855 279,752 375,103 325,963 304,980 20,983 192,261 189,966 2,295 40 to 49 ................................................ 1,266,171 718,209 547,962 858,630 332,290 526,340 407,541 385,919 21,622 249,823 246,893 2,930 50 to 64 ................................................ 627,603 332,951 294,652 447,534 160,410 287,124 180,069 172,541 7,528 118,491 117,375 1,116 65 and over .......................................... 77,379 17,459 59,920 70,649 10,981 59,668 6,730 6,478 252 5,268 5,206 62 Age unknown ....................................... 95,381 58,927 36,454 46,007 12,886 33,121 49,374 46,041 3,333 35,682 35,466 216

Full-time ............................................... 11,269,892 8,577,299 2,692,593 7,686,981 5,244,841 2,442,140 3,582,911 3,332,458 250,453 2,664,502 2,643,207 21,295 Under 18 .......................................... 171,784 100,932 70,852 137,294 68,699 68,595 34,490 32,233 2,257 30,484 30,135 349 18 and 19 ......................................... 3,383,318 2,379,998 1,003,320 2,534,326 1,574,654 959,672 848,992 805,344 43,648 767,454 760,108 7,346 20 and 21 ......................................... 2,964,697 2,355,947 608,750 2,116,672 1,553,773 562,899 848,025 802,174 45,851 741,692 737,467 4,225 22 to 24 ............................................ 1,986,776 1,642,119 344,657 1,404,007 1,103,749 300,258 582,769 538,370 44,399 449,656 446,735 2,921 25 to 29 ............................................ 1,284,698 1,011,469 273,229 763,452 537,312 226,140 521,246 474,157 47,089 325,658 323,127 2,531 30 to 34 ............................................ 565,710 425,187 140,523 303,239 188,066 115,173 262,471 237,121 25,350 130,701 129,371 1,330 35 to 39 ............................................ 347,864 254,514 93,350 170,684 94,094 76,590 177,180 160,420 16,760 79,146 78,154 992 40 to 49 ............................................ 380,043 275,167 104,876 176,521 88,159 88,362 203,522 187,008 16,514 89,721 88,639 1,082 50 to 64 ............................................ 145,757 105,578 40,179 66,065 31,490 34,575 79,692 74,088 5,604 36,587 36,195 392 65 and over ...................................... 4,868 2,990 1,878 2,608 894 1,714 2,260 2,096 164 1,364 1,347 17 Age unknown ................................... 34,377 23,398 10,979 12,113 3,951 8,162 22,264 19,447 2,817 12,039 11,929 110

Part-time .............................................. 6,978,236 3,052,899 3,925,337 5,803,799 1,921,820 3,881,979 1,174,437 1,131,079 43,358 906,648 894,457 12,191 Under 18 .......................................... 496,642 125,505 371,137 466,136 96,004 370,132 30,506 29,501 1,005 29,566 28,662 904 18 and 19 ......................................... 580,053 116,503 463,550 553,445 92,659 460,786