digestive system chemical digestion of food
TRANSCRIPT
Digestive SystemDigestive SystemChemical Digestion of FoodChemical Digestion of Food
Submaxillary
Gland
The Small Intestine.The Small Intestine.
It is a tube 3cm in diameter and 7m long.It is a tube 3cm in diameter and 7m long.
The small intestine is divided into three The small intestine is divided into three parts:parts:
• Duodenum – 1Duodenum – 1stst 25cm 25cm• Jejunum – 2m longJejunum – 2m long• Ileum – 5m longIleum – 5m long
The Large Intestine or ColonThe Large Intestine or Colon
Tube 7cm in diameter.Tube 7cm in diameter.
1 1/2m long1 1/2m long
An upside down “U”An upside down “U”
Sugars – The Simplest Carbohydrates.Sugars – The Simplest Carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides are the simple (single sugars)Monosaccharides are the simple (single sugars)
ExEx.: Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose..: Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.
Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked together.linked together.
ExEx.: Glucose + glucose.: Glucose + glucose Maltose Maltose Glucose + fructose Glucose + fructose Sucrose Sucrose
Sugars – the simplest sugars Sugars – the simplest sugars (continued)(continued)
Polysaccharides are composed of many Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharides joined together into long monosaccharides joined together into long chains.chains.
ExEx.:.:glucose + glucose + glucose + glucose glucose + glucose + glucose + glucose Starch Starch
(there could be hundreds of monosaccharides joined (there could be hundreds of monosaccharides joined together).together).
Other examples of polysaccharides are: glycogen Other examples of polysaccharides are: glycogen (animal starch), cellulose, and pectin (can not be (animal starch), cellulose, and pectin (can not be digested in humans)digested in humans)
Mod
ern
Bio
logy
, 19
87
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates - Starches
Proteins
Chains of Amino Acids
Fats (Lipids)
Digestion of CarbohydratesDigestion of Carbohydrates
Digestion of ProteinDigestion of Protein
Digestion of FatsDigestion of Fats
Digestion in HumansDigestion in Humans
OrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical ActivitiesActivities
Major Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Mouth Mouth
ChewingChewing
GrindingGrinding
MoisteningMoistening
StarchStarch→ Disaccharide→ Disaccharide
amyl
ase
amyl
ase
Digestion in HumansDigestion in Humans
OrganOrgan Major Major Physical Physical ActivitiesActivities
Major Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
EsophagusEsophagus PersistalsisPersistalsis
MoisteningMoistening
NoneNone
Digestion in HumansDigestion in Humans
OrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical ActivitiesActivities
Major Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
StomachStomach
MoisteningMoistening
ChurningChurning
PeristalsisPeristalsis
TwistingTwisting
Proteins → Smaller Chains Proteins → Smaller Chains
of Amino Acidsof Amino Acids
peps
inpe
psin
Digestion in HumansDigestion in HumansOrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical
ActivitiesActivitiesMajor Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Small Small Intestine Intestine
PeristalsisPeristalsis
Fat Fat EmulsificationEmulsification
Most nutrient Most nutrient ABSORPTIONABSORPTION
From Pancreas: From Pancreas:
StarchStarch→ Disaccharide→ Disaccharide
Proteins → SmallerProteins → Smaller
Chains of A.A.Chains of A.A.am
ylas
e
amyl
ase
tryps
intry
psin
Digestion in HumansDigestion in HumansOrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical
ActivitiesActivitiesMajor Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Small Small Intestine Intestine
(cont’d)(cont’d)
Smaller Chains Smaller Chains → Free→ Free
Of A.A.Of A.A. A.A. A.A.
Fats → Fatty acids and Fats → Fatty acids and
glycerol glycerol
erep
sin
erep
sin
lipas
elip
ase
Digestion in HumansDigestion in HumansOrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical
ActivitiesActivitiesMajor Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Small Small Intestine Intestine
(cont’d)(cont’d)
Dis’rides Dis’rides → Monos’rides → Monos’rides
Maltose → GlucoseMaltose → Glucose
en
zym
e
enzy
me
mal
tase
mal
tase
Digestion in HumansDigestion in HumansOrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical
ActivitiesActivitiesMajor Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Small Small Intestine Intestine
(cont’d)(cont’d)
Lactose Lactose → Glucose → Glucose
Sucrose → GlucoseSucrose → Glucose
la
ctas
ela
ctas
e
sucr
ase
sucr
ase
Digestion in HumansDigestion in HumansOrganOrgan Major Physical Major Physical
ActivitiesActivitiesMajor Chemical ActionMajor Chemical Action
Large Large Intestine Intestine
PeristalsisPeristalsis
Water Water AbsorptionAbsorption
Waste Waste EliminationElimination
Some vitamins (B12) are Some vitamins (B12) are synthesized here.synthesized here.
Ho
w Y
ou
r B
od
y W
ork
s, p
. 11
8
How the Body Works, p. 119
How Your Body Works, p. 116.
How Your Body Works, p. 116