disaster management earthquake ppt 1-40am

8/18/2019 Disaster Management Earthquake Ppt 1-40am

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DISASTERS INDISASTERS ININDIAINDIA

Scope of HazardsScope of Hazards

and Disaster and Disaster Management Management


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India and Natural DisastersIndia and Natural Disasters

India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the worldIndia is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world..

Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;

70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;

5% of land (40 illion hectares! to floods;

"% of land ("#000 k coastline! to c$clones.

&a'or isaster occurs ever$ )*+ $ears;

50 illion people affected annuall$

, illion houses daaged annuall$ along -ith huan#social andother losses

uring ,"5*)00+# the annual average daage due to natural

disasters has been estiated at 70 illion /

ource1 &inistr$ of griculture# 2O31 &# &inistr$ of /rban evelopent# 2O3


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The MythsThe

Myths

It Can’t Happen to Us.It Can’t Happen to Us.

The Nature’s forces are soThe Nature’s forces are so

Deadly the Victims will DieDeadly the Victims will Die

anyway.anyway. There is Nothing We Can Do.There is Nothing We Can Do.


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Denition of Disaster Denition of Disaster A Disaster is an event that occurs in most casesA Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases

suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severesuddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe

disturbances to people, objects anddisturbances to people, objects and

environment, resulting in loss of life ,propertyenvironment, resulting in loss of life ,propertyand health of the population. Such a situationand health of the population. Such a situation

causes disruption in normal pattern of life,causes disruption in normal pattern of life,

generating misfortune, helplessness andgenerating misfortune, helplessness and

suering aecting the socio-economic structuresuering aecting the socio-economic structureof a region/country to such an extent that thereof a region/country to such an extent that there

is a need for assistance or immediate outsideis a need for assistance or immediate outside

intervention.intervention.


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phenomenon or e!ent

phenomenon or e!ent whichwhichconstitutes a trauma for aconstitutes a trauma for a

population"en!ironment.population"en!ironment.

!ulnera#le point"area!ulnera#le

point"area that will #earthat will #earthe #runt of the traumati$ing e!ent.the #runt of the traumati$ing e!ent.

TheThe failure of local % surroundingfailure of local % surround

ing

resourcesresources to cope with the pro#lemsto cope with the pro#lems

created #y the phenomenon.created #y the phenomenon.

Types of DisastersT

ypes of Disasters

Natural & 'anmadeNatural & 'anmade

Ingredients of a Disaster

Ingredients of a Disaster


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Disasters a(ecting IndiaDisasters a(ectin

g India

)*TH+U,))*TH+U,) V-CNIC )*U/TI-NV-CNIC )*U/TI-N T0UN'IT0UN'I C1C-N)C1C-N) 2--D2--D ND0ID)ND0ID) 3U0H2I*)3U0H2I*) D*-U4HTD*-U4HT '5-* CCID)NT 62I*)7'5-* CCID)NT 62I*)7

)8/-0I-N7 H9'T:)8/-0I-N7 H9'T: CIVI UN*)0TCIVI UN*)0T


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GENERAL EE!TS "GENERAL EE!TS "

DISASTERDISASTER -00 -2 I2)-00 -2 I2) IN5U*1 IN5U*1 D'4) T- ND D)0T*UCTI-N -2D'4) T- ND D)0T*UCTI-N -2

/*-/)*T1./*-/)*T1.

D'4) T- ND D)0T*UCTI-N -2D'4) T- ND D)0T*UCTI-N -2/*-DUCTI-N./*-DUCTI-N.

DI0*U/TI-N -2 I2)0T1)DI0*U/TI-N -2 I2)0T1) -00 -2 IV)IH--D.-00 -2 IV)IH--D.

DI0*U/TI-N T- )00)NTI 0)*VIC)0DI0*U/TI-N T- )00)NTI 0)*VIC)0 D'4) T- NTI-N IN2*0T*UCTU*)D'4) T- NTI-N IN2*0T*UCTU*) DI0*U/TI-N T- 4-V)*N')NT 010T)'0DI0*U/TI-N T- 4-V)*N')NT 010T)'0 NTI-N )C-N-'IC -00NTI-N )C-N-'IC -00

0-CI--4IC ND /01CH--4IC 2T)*0-CI--4IC ND /01CH--4IC 2T)*)22)CT.)22)CT.


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DI00T)* 'N4)')NTDI00T)* 'N4)')NT

# # AN A$$LIED S!IEN!E %HI!H AN A$$LIED S!IEN!E %HI!HSEE&S' () THE S)STEMATI!SEE&S' () THE S)STEMATI!

"(SER*ATI"N AND ANAL)SIS"(SER*ATI"N AND ANAL)SIS" DISASTERS' T" IM$R"*E" DISASTERS' T" IM$R"*E

MEAS+RES RELATING T"MEAS+RES RELATING T"

$RE*ENTI"N' MITIGATI"N'$RE*ENTI"N' MITIGATI"N'$RE$AREDNESS' EMERGEN!)$RE$AREDNESS' EMERGEN!)RES$"NSE AND RE!"*ER),-RES$"NSE AND RE!"*ER),-


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Disaster Management CycleDisaster Management Cycle


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esponseesponse

ecoveryecovery!revention " #itigation!revention " #itigation

!reparedness!reparedness

Disaster 'anagementDisaster 'anagement

CycleCycle


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*)0/-N0)*)0/-N0) esponse measures are usually those $hich areesponse measures are usually those $hich are

ta%en immediately prior to and follo$ing disasterta%en immediately prior to and follo$ing disaster

impact.impact.

&ypical measures include ' &ypical measures include ' (mplementation of plans(mplementation of plans

Activation of the counter-disaster systemActivation of the counter-disaster system

Search and escueSearch and escue !rovision of emergency food, shelter, medical!rovision of emergency food, shelter, medical

assistance etc.assistance etc.

Survey and assessmentSurvey and assessment

)vacuation measures)vacuation measures


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*)C-V)*1 *)C-V)*1 ecovery is the process by $hichecovery is the process by $hich

communities and the nation are assisted incommunities and the nation are assisted in

returning to their proper level of functioningreturning to their proper level of functioning

follo$ing a disaster.follo$ing a disaster.

&hree main categories of activity are &hree main categories of activity are

normally regarded as coming $ithin thenormally regarded as coming $ithin the

recovery segment'recovery segment'

estorationestoration

econstructioneconstruction

ehabilitationehabilitation


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/*)V)NTI-N % 'ITI4TI-N/*)V)NTI-N % 'ITI4TI-N

/re!ention/re!ention ' Action $ithin this segment is designed to' Action $ithin this segment is designed to

impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or preventimpede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent

such an occurrence having harmful eects on communitiessuch an occurrence having harmful eects on communities

or %ey installations.or %ey installations.

'itigation ;'itigation ; Action $ithin this segment usually ta%es theAction $ithin this segment usually ta%es the

form of speci*c programs intended to reduce the eects ofform of speci*c programs intended to reduce the eects of

disaster on a nation or community. +or instance, somedisaster on a nation or community. +or instance, some

countries regard the development and application ofcountries regard the development and application ofbuilding codes $hich can reduce damage and loss in thebuilding codes $hich can reduce damage and loss in the

event of earthua%es and cyclones as being in theevent of earthua%es and cyclones as being in the

category of mitigation.category of mitigation.


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/*)/*)DN)00/*)/*)DN)00

!reparedness is usually regarded!reparedness is usually regarded

as comprising measures $hichas comprising measures $hich

enable governments,enable governments,organiations, communities andorganiations, communities and

individuals to respond rapidly andindividuals to respond rapidly and

eectively to disaster situations.eectively to disaster situations.


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)*TH+U,)0)*TH+U,)0

01A& (S )A&123A4)501A& (S )A&123A4)5


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0hat are )arthua%es50hat are )arthua%es5

&he sha%ing or trembling caused &he sha%ing or trembling caused

by the sudden release of energyby the sudden release of energy

3sually associated $ith faulting or3sually associated $ith faulting orbrea%ing of roc%sbrea%ing of roc%s

6ontinuing adjustment of position6ontinuing adjustment of position

results in aftershoc%sresults in aftershoc%s


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&he +ocus and )picenter of an )arthua%e &he +ocus and )picenter of an )arthua%e

7 &he point &he point

$ithin )arth$ithin )arth

$here faulting$here faulting

begins is thebegins is the

focus, orfocus, or

hypocenterhypocenter

7 &he point &he pointdirectly abovedirectly above

the focus onthe focus on

the surface isthe surface is

the epicenterthe epicenter


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SeismographsSeismographs recordrecord

earthquake eventsearthquake events

At convergent boundaries,

focal depth increases

along a dipping seismic

zone called a Benioffzone

h h

%


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0here Do )arthua%es0here Do )arthua%es

8ccur and 1o$ 8ften58ccur and 1o$ 8ften5~8! of all earthquakes occur in the circum"#acific belt~8! of all earthquakes occur in the circum"#acific belt

most of these result from convergent margin activit$most of these result from convergent margin activit$

~%&! occur in the 'editerranean"Asiatic belt~%&! occur in the 'editerranean"Asiatic belt

remaining &! occur in the interiors of plates and on spreading ridgeremaining &! occur in the interiors of plates and on spreading ridge

centerscenters

more than %&, quakes strong enough to be felt are recorded eachmore than %&, quakes strong enough to be felt are recorded each

$ear $ear

&h ) i d S i t l&he )conomics and Societal


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&he )conomics and Societal &he )conomics and Societal

(mpacts of )2s(mpacts of )2s

Damage in (akland, )A,%*8*

• Building collapse

• +ire• sunami

• -round failure


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0hat are Seismic 0aves50hat are Seismic 0aves5

esponse of material toesponse of material to

the arrival of energythe arrival of energy

fronts released by rupturefronts released by rupture

&$o types' &$o types' 9ody $aves9ody $aves

! and S! and S

Surface $avesSurface $aves and : and :


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9ody 0aves' ! and S $aves9ody 0aves' ! and S $aves Body wavesBody waves

P or primary wavesP or primary waves fastest wavesfastest waves travel through solids,travel through solids,

liquids, or gasesliquids, or gases compressional wave,compressional wave,

material movement ismaterial movement isin the same directionin the same directionas wave movementas wave movement

S or secondary wavesS or secondary waves slower than P wavesslower than P waves travel through solidstravel through solids

onlyonly shear waves - moveshear waves - move

materialmaterialperpendicular toperpendicular towave movementwave movement


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Surface 0aves' and : $avesSurface 0aves' and : $aves

Surface .avesSurface .aves ravel /ust belo0 or along the ground1s surfaceravel /ust belo0 or along the ground1s surface

Slo0er than bod$ 0aves2 rolling and side"to"sideSlo0er than bod$ 0aves2 rolling and side"to"side

movementmovement

3speciall$ damaging to buildings3speciall$ damaging to buildings

1o$ is an )arthua%e;s )picenter1o$ is an )art

hua%e;s )picenter


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1o$ is an )arthua%e;s )picenter1o$ is an )arthua%e s )picenter

:ocated5:ocated5 Seismic 0ave behavior Seismic 0ave behavior

# 0aves arrive first, then S 0aves, then 4 and 5# 0aves arrive first, then S 0aves, then 4 and 5

Average speeds for all these 0aves is kno0nAverage speeds for all these 0aves is kno0n After an earthquake, the difference in arrival times at aAfter an earthquake, the difference in arrival times at a

seismograph station can be used to calculate the distanceseismograph station can be used to calculate the distancefrom the seismograph to the epicenter6from the seismograph to the epicenter6


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:ocated5:ocated5

ime"distance graphime"distance graph

sho0ing the averagesho0ing the average

travel times for #" and S"travel times for #" and S"

0aves60aves6 he farther a0a$ ahe farther a0a$ a

seismograph is from theseismograph is from the

focus of an earthquake,focus of an earthquake,

the longer the intervalthe longer the intervalbet0een the arrivals ofbet0een the arrivals of

the #" and S" 0avesthe #" and S" 0aves


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1o$ is an )arthua%e;s1o$ is an )arthua%e;s

)picenter :ocated5)picenter :ocated5

hree seismograph stationshree seismograph stations

are needed to locate theare needed to locate the

epicenter of an earthquakeepicenter of an earthquake

A circle 0here the radiusA circle 0here the radiusequals the distance to theequals the distance to the

epicenter is dra0nepicenter is dra0n

he intersection of thehe intersection of the

circles locates thecircles locates the

epicenterepicenter


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1o$ are the Sie and Strength of1o$ are the Sie and Strength of

an )arthua%e #easured5an )arthua%e #easured5

• 'odified 'ercalli Intensit$ 'ap

– %**7 orthridge, )A earthquake,

magnitude 96:

Intensit$Intensit$

sub/ectivesub/ective measuremeasure

of the kind ofof the kind of

damage done anddamage done and

people1s reactionspeople1s reactions

to itto it isoseismal linesisoseismal lines

identif$ areas ofidentif$ areas of

equal intensit$equal intensit$


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1o$ are the Sie and Strength of1o$ are the Sie and Strength of

an )arthua%e #easured5an )arthua%e #easured5

'agnitude'agnitude

5ichter scale5ichter scale

measuresmeasures total amounttotal amount

of energ$of energ$ released b$released b$

an earthquake2an earthquake2independent ofindependent of

intensit$intensit$

Amplitude of theAmplitude of the

largest 0ave producedlargest 0ave produced

b$ an event isb$ an event is

corrected for distancecorrected for distance

and assigned a valueand assigned a value

on an open"endedon an open"ended

logarithmic scalelogarithmic scale


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0hat are the Destructive )ects0hat are the Destructive )ects

of )arthua%es5of )arthua%es5

-round Shaking-round Shaking

amplitude, duration, and damage increases in poorl$amplitude, duration, and damage increases in poorl$

consolidated rocksconsolidated rocks


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6an )arthua%es be !redicted56an )arthua%es be !redicted5

)arthua%e !recursors)arthua%e !recursors changes in elevation or tilting of land surface,changes in elevation or tilting of land surface,


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6an )arthua%es be6an )arthua%es be

!redicted5!redicted5

3arthquake #rediction #rograms3arthquake #rediction #rograms include laborator$ and field studies of rocks before, during,include laborator$ and field studies of rocks before, during,

and after earthquakesand after earthquakes

monitor activit$ along ma/or faultsmonitor activit$ along ma/or faults

produce risk assessmentsproduce risk assessments


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6an )arthua%es be 6ontrolled56an )arthua%es be 6ontrolled5

-raph sho0ing the-raph sho0ing therelationship bet0een therelationship bet0een the

amount of 0aste in/ectedamount of 0aste in/ected

into 0ells per month andinto 0ells per month and

the average number ofthe average number ofDenver earthquakes perDenver earthquakes per

monthmonth

Some have suggestedSome have suggested

that pumping fluids intothat pumping fluids intoseismic gaps 0ill causeseismic gaps 0ill cause

small earthquakes 0hilesmall earthquakes 0hilepreventing large onespreventing large ones


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THN, THN,

THN, 1-UTHN, 1-U

31 31 *,)0H CHIU,'*I*,)0H CHIU,'*I

=

disaster management earthquake ppt 1-40am

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