disorders of the urinary system can you guess one?
TRANSCRIPT
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Disorders of the Urinary System
Can you guess one?
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Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
• Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid
• Gradually they get larger until they block ureters
• First sym severe pain• Other sym nausea and
vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria
• Diagnosis by symptoms, ultrasound, or x-ray
• Rx –increase fluids to flush out stone, medications, and if needed LITHOTRIPSY
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Lithostripsy
• Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones
• Shock waves hit dense stones and break them up
• Done on outpatient basis
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Nephritis
• Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)
• Incontinence –involuntary urination
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Cystitis
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder
• Most common cause – E.Coli
• Sym- DYSUIA (painful urination) and frequency
• Usually in females (shorter urethra)
• Rx - antibiotics
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Hemodialysis
• Used for kidney failure• Involves the passage of blood
through device with semipermeable membrane
• Dialysis serves as substitute kidney
• Blood from patient flows through machine and is filtered
• Can be done at home or in clinic
• Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week.
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Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation and scarring of the glomerulus; causes damage to the filter mechanism; allows blood cells and protein to enter the filtrate
Symptoms: kidney failure, uremia, HTN or hypotension, decreased urine output, increased serum creatinine and urea
Diagnosis: Urinalysis and blood testing
Treatment: Depends on cause. Treating underlying cause may decreaseprogression
Primary cause: no obvious cause
Secondary causes: bacterial infection, drug toxicity, diabetes mellitus,systemic lupus erythematosus, genteic disorders such as Alport’s Syndromeand Goodpasture’s Syndrome
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Renal Failure (Renal Insufficiency)
Cause: either acute or progressive damage to the kidneys from many differentcauses
Symptoms: decreased urine output, uremia, fluid retention, loss of appetitie,fatigue, hiccups, nausea, mental confusion, clotting disorder, seizures
Diagnosis: blood tests, urinalysis, imaging
Treatments: blood pressure meds, glucose control, diet, treat underlying condition, prevention of cardiovascular disease, kidney replacement whenprogresses to end stage disease
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Kidney Transplant
• As a last resort• Involves donor organ
from someone with a similar immune system
• Main complication - rejection
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Definitions
Enuresis Glycosuria Nocturia Polyuria
Bedwetting Sugar in urine
Frequent urination at night
Large amounts of urine
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Definitions Continues
Pyuria Anuria Hematuria Diuretic
Pus in urine
No urine produced
Blood in urine
Drug or substance to increase urine production
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anuriaabsence of urine diureticdrug that increases urinary output dysuriapainful urination filtratefluid that has passed through a filter
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incontinenceinvoluntary urination micturateto urinate nephralgia pain in a kidney neurogenic bladderdamage to the nerve that controls the bladder oliguria reduced production of urine
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uremiapresence of urinary waste products in the blood urinalysisexamination of the urine urinary catheterization insertion of a sterile tube into the urinary bladder urinary retention inability to urinate urinateemptying of urine from the urinary bladder void emptying of urine from the urinary bladder