distribution automation for electrical grids. fault and...iet600 pcm600 itt600 sdm600 security &...

CONFIDENTIAL

Distribution Automation for electrical gridsFault and outage management

Introduction

Leading the way within the Power Grids division

Grid Automation

Slide 3

ABB

– 132,000 employees

– $34B revenue

ABB Power Grids

– 39,000 employees

– $11B revenue

– 100 countries

ABB Grid Automation

– 6,000 employees

Worldwide presence

Power Grids DivisionRobotics and

MotionIndustrial

AutomationElectrification

Products

ABB

Microgrids and Distributed Generation

Grid Automation Systems and Service

Grid Automation Products

Enterprise Software

Grid Automation Grid IntegrationGrid

SystemsHigh Voltage

ProductsTransformers

October 16, 2018

Power Grid

Slide 4October 16, 2018

Enabling you to see inside your grid

Distribution Automation


Trends and challenges

Increasing demand for Smarter Distribution Grid

Distribution Automation Trends

Slide 7

• Distributed Energy Resources resulting into new integration challenges

• Larger and more complex Grids

• Increased demand for higher

• Power Quality Delivery

• Power Delivery Reliability

• Digitalization enabling to see deeper inside the Grid

• Cost pressure on Operation and Maintenance

• Increased focus on safety

Trends

October 16, 2018

Quality of power supply

– Legislation and regulator demands

– Customer requirements

– Less and shorter outages

– Voltage quality

Operational efficiency

– Improved tools for operators and field crews

– Reduced CAIDI [Customer average interruption duration index] and SAIDI

[System average interruption duration index]

– Limited own personnel in operation and

maintenance

– Minimize the network losses

Safety, Quality, Efficiency, Reliability


Slide 8

Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

– Increased need to measure power flows /quality due to increased

distributed generation

Safety of utility personnel

– Less need to travel to places difficult to reach

– Less need to work in dangerous environments

Challenges

October 16, 2018



Slide 9

Non-hydro renewable generation grows to double hydropower generation by 2040

Integration in MV and LV grid

Need for green energy generation and distribution automation

New automation solution for energy management and energy storage

Challenges

Distributed generation resulting into new

integration challenges

October 16, 2018



Slide 10

Increased deployment of DERs in MV and LV grid, makes network operations:

- harder to manage (multi-directional power flows)

- challenging to maintain voltage profiles (additional power supply)

- aging cable infrastructure (intermittent/restriking earth-faults)

Needs to improve the reliability of the power supply for customers and operational and energy efficiency

Challenges

Need to deal with new protection and automation

phenomena whilst maximizing efficiency

MV

LV

+10

%

Un

-10%EN50160

Multi-directional power flows

Restriking earth-faults

October 16, 2018

Key facts

Cyber Attack Ukraine 2015

SANS/ICS-Cert Report: https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdfSlide 11

– Stage 1 Intrusion:

• At least six months prior to power cut - operator workstations infiltrated. Reconnaissance begins.

– Stage 2 Attack:

• December 23rd 2015 all circuit breakers were opened in:

• 23 35kV Substations

• 7 110kV Substations

– Stage 2 Attack Amplification:

• UPS power supplies were disabled in Utility Control Center –Control Room Dark

• Firmware downloaded to Serial/Ethernet communication devices taking them out of service.

• Telephony denial of service attack on call center.

• Operator Workstation Hard Disks were erased.

How it unfolded

.. >225’000 customers

without power ..!

October 16, 2018

https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdf

Recommendations

Cyber Attack Ukraine 2015

SANS/ICS-Cert Report: https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdfSlide 12

– Architecture Recommendations

• Properly segment networks / Limit remote connections

• Ensure logging is enabled

• Make backups

• Prioritize and patch known vulnerabilities

• Consider system event monitoring

– Passive Defense Recommendations

• Application whitelisting

• DMZs and properly tuned firewalls

• Utilize up to date antivirus & whitelisting

– Active Defense Recommendations

• Train defenders to hunt for odd communications.

• Perform network security monitoring

• Plan and train to incident response plans

Learnings from the attack

.. and an other attack in Dec 2016

(Capital Kiev)

October 16, 2018

https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdf

ICS malware platform “CrashOverride”

October 16, 2018Source: based on https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-163A (status June 2017)

Slide 13

Technical Analysis “CrashOverride“

The malware represents a scalable, capable platform.

The modules and capabilities publically reported appear to focus on organizations using ICS protocols IEC101, IEC104, and IEC61850,

• Issues valid commands directly to remote terminal units (RTUs) over ICS protocols. As reported by Dragos, one such command sequence toggles circuit breakers in a rapid open-close-

open-close pattern. This could create conditions where individual utilities may island from infected parties, potentially resulting in a degradation of grid reliability.

• Denies service to local serial COM ports on windows devices, therefore preventing legitimate communications with field equipment over serial from the affected device.

• Scans and maps ICS environment using a variety of protocols, including Open Platform Communications (OPC). This significantly improves the payload’s probability of success.

• Could exploit Siemens relay denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability, leading to a shutdown of the relay. In this instance, the relay would need to be manually reset to restore functionality.

• Includes a wiper module in the platform that renders windows systems inert, requiring a rebuild or backup restoration

The National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) is aware of public reports from ESET and Dragos outlining a new, highly capable Industrial Controls Systems (ICS)

attack platform that was reportedly used in 2016 against critical infrastructure in Ukraine.

https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-163A

Application overview

Distribution Automation Systems

Slide 14

Basic applications Advanced applications

October 16, 2018

Portfolio & architecture


Slide 15

Network Management & Control

Substation Automation

Distribution grid

Smart MetersConsumers

Enterprise Billing system

Asset management

Geographical information system

Customer information system

Reporting and statistics

DMS600 & ADMSDMS

SYS600SCADA

SYS600CComputer/HMI

Historian

RTU500 seriesGateway

RTU500 seriesFeeder automation

TROPOS 7320Wireless meshed network

IEC 101 / 104

REF6XXRelion® Feeder Control & Protection IEDs

System Engineering Software Tools

IEC 101

IEC 104

IEC 61850

IET600 PCM600 ITT600

SDM600Security & Data management

FOX605Multiplexer

AFS67x Ethernet Switch

Deviceconfiguration

System configuration

SystemTesting

The automation offering comprises complete engineered systems, ready-to-use engineered packages and high-class loose products.

The automation can be applied at the field level for existing pole-mounted reclosers, disconnectors and breakers, at substation level to for secondary switchgears and ring main units (RMU), or at the SCADA level in network control center.

See inside the grid

Relion® IEDs

October 16, 2018

Fault and Outage ManagementIntroduction and concepts

Closing the loop: Automation - SCADA - Analytics - Work force & Asset Performance Management

Fault and outage management

Slide 17

Substation A Substation B

Protection

trips when

internal fault

Isolation by opening

the switches

Advanced DistributionManagement System

Restoration

LV

Smart meter

Web HMI

Mobile Work Force Management

Outage Management Analytics Asset Performance ManagementDisturbance Analysis

Mobile Devices

Restoration

by transfer

to other

power

sources

October 16, 2018

Fault detection, isolation and service restoration

Fault management

FLISR. Fault Location Isolation and Service RestorationFDIR. Fault Detection Isolation and RestorationFPI: Fault Passage Indicator

FDIR

FLISR

FPI

FPI

FPIFault Detection Protection

October 16, 2018 Slide 18

Advanced application for your distribution network with standardized devices for maximum reliability and performance

Fault Management

Slide 19

De-centralized/FDIR

Quick response to problematic feeders

Easy step-wise approach

Fastest restoration time

Semi-centralized/FDIR

Combination of conventional DMS and flexibility of de-centralized solution

Modular step-wise approach

Faster restoration time

Centralized/FLISR

Single solution for entire grid

Standardized field devices

Advanced DMS functionality

Overall system performance may limit the speed

Overview of the concepts

October 16, 2018

De-centralized concept

Fault Management

Automation logic is

running distributed at

secondary substation

level.

DMS is just informed.

Control Information

Tier 2

Primary distribution

substations

Tier 3

Secondary distribution

substations and

Remote controllable line switches

Tier 1

Control center

SCADA/DMS

Slide 20Communication Control Protection

October 16, 2018

Semi-centralized concept

Fault Management

Automation logic is

running at primary

substation level.

DMS is just informed.

Control Information

Tier 2


substations

Tier 3


substations and


Tier 1

Control center

SCADA/DMS


October 16, 2018

Centralized concept

Fault Management

Automation logic is

running at control center

level.

Control

Tier 2


substations

Tier 3


substations and


Tier 1

Control center

SCADA/DMS


October 16, 2018

Pros and cons of different concepts

Fault Management

Slide 23

Functionality Centralized Semi-centralized De-centralized

Full control of the network from one central location

No field work required for fine tuning of automatic fault isolation and power restoration schemes

Monitoring data from field devices available in all systems for further utilization

Model-based solution can effectively handle abnormal network conditions (e.g. no enough power for supply restoration)

Vendor agnostic

No re-programming required for expansion

Requires controllers communication directly with control

center

Smaller implementations can be costlier than de-centralized

Requires an accurate network load model before

implementation

Future modification and expansion of the grid is difficult to manage

YesOctober 16, 2018

Dividing distribution networks into zones

The Zone concept minimize affected area and maximize power supply restoration

What is the Zone concept?

S/S110/20 kV

P1P2

P3

P4

C1

C2

C3

C4

R

C D

C

Protection zone

Control zone

R

C Recloser

D

C Disconnector

D

C

D

C

D

C

S/S110/20 kV

P4

R

C

1

2

3

Calculated fault distance

3 Advanced fault indicator

Tripped recloser

2

1

D

C

D

C


What is the Zone concept?Reducing the fault tracing time from hours to minutes


S/S110/20 kV

P1P2

P3

P4

C1

C2

C3

C4

R

C D

C

Protection zone

Control zone

R

C Recloser

D

C Disconnector

D

C

D

C

D

C

Zones P1, P2 & P3 didn’t have outageZones C1, C2 & C4 suffered an outage of <2minZone C3 suffered an outage of ~100 min

Without automation, the fault would have been located with time consuming trial & error method, total outage in Zone 3 ~200 min


What is the Zone concept?Dividing distribution networks into zones



New fault detection challenges in distribution gridsEasy to extend the Zone concept

Protection selectivity and fault detection enable seamless renewables integration

Slide 27

Blindness –Reverse power flow REG615

REF615

RER615

P1

P2

P3

Protection zone

October 16, 2018

Fault and Outage ManagementReferences

10kV Line 1# 10kV Line 2#

Substation 1

Substation 2

DistributionDistribution

Distribution Distribution

IEC 61850GOOSE

Automatic FDIR with fast fault detection

Each device participate in the Fault Analysis action, independent from SCADA system - use of RTU540 series

Use IEC 61850 GOOSE to transfer the necessary information for fault isolation

Use IEC 104 to transfer the events to SCADA System

Reduced fault investigation and patrol time

Reduce the recovery time to 15 seconds only

Providing solution which can be easily extended

High reliability and reduced recovery time needed

Pudong Smart City

Decentralized - Fault Detection, Isolation and Restoration

Slide 29

Pudong, China

Challenge

Solution Benefit

October 16, 2018

Significant decrease in operating and maintenance costs

Penalty costs were cut by 54% from 20 M€ to 8 M€ p.a

Responsible for MV and LV grid infrastructure in Ireland

1,7 million electricity customers

160 000 km power lines

Mainly overhead lines

Two SCADA systems with FDIR application

ABB ARP600 (Artic gateway and protocol converter IEC 101/104)

Dual SIM with secure GPRS communication via VPN tunnel

Remote control of disconnectors and reclosers

Irish Utility

Semi-centralized – Fault Detection Isolation Restoration

Slide 30

CENTRAL SITE - CORK

SCADA

CENTRAL SITE - DUBLIN

SCADA

FDIR SCADA projectIrish Utility

Benefit

October 16, 2018

Network Manager ADMS with SCADA, DMS (VVO, FLISR), OMS, Service Suite and Focalpoint business analytics

Restoring power to nearly 1.2 million customers without a phone call

Avoiding over 102 customer outage minutes

Improving power reliability by over 28%

Improve power quality and reliability

Develop a self-healing grid

Reduce operation costs

Extend life of electrical assets

ADMS ( DMS/ OMS/ SCADA)

Phase 1: SCADA, Phase: 2 OMS, Phase 3: DMS

Implement Volt-VAr and Self Healing (Auto Restoration) capability on the distribution grid

Service Suite integrated with ADMS for faster crew deployment

Centerpoint Energy

Centralised / Semi-Centralised (mixed)

Slide 31

Benefit

Challenges

Solution

Implementation

October 16, 2018


Summary

Slide 32

Implementing ABB Distribution Automation inside your grid will allow you to:

• Improve reliability of your Grid• Maximise availabity of electricity to your customers• Improve customer satisfaction• Reduce your operational cost – optimized utilization of

scarce resources• Increase safety• Unlock smarter system and asset analytic enabling you to

optimize your fleet utilization and life cycle

Various level of Automation can be implemented• Centralised• Semi-Centralised• Decentralised

Depending on business requirement.

October 16, 2018

distribution automation for electrical grids. fault and...iet600 pcm600 itt600 sdm600 security &...

Documents