dna structure and function. what is dna? dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid the main job of dna...
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DNAStructure and Function
WHAT IS DNA?
DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
The main job of DNA is
to make PROTEINS
Function of DNA
DNA contains genes that codes for all of our traits It’s the blueprint to who you are todayPassed from cell to cell
Location of DNADNA is found in the nucleus of the cell for eukaryotes
DNA is found in the cytoplasm for prokaryotes (ex: bacteria)
Our genes are on our chromosomes.Chromosomes are made up of a chemical called DNA
Eukaryotes
DNA stays in nucleus of a cell to be
protected
Building Blocks of DNA
Each nucleotide consists ofDeoxyribose (sugar) Phosphate groupA nitrogen-containing base (A, G, T, C)
Nucleotide Structure
CH2
O
CC
C C
Sugar(deoxyribose)
NNitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)
O=P-O O
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Bases
Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Thymine (T)Cytosine (C)
A or G
T or C
Structure of DNA
Double Helix: Watson-Crick ModelStrands are held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
The sides are a sugar-phosphate backbone, while the “rungs” of the ladder are the nitrogen bases.
The DNA strands run in opposite directions
Base-Pairing Rules
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G C
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G C G
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G C G C
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G C G C T
DNA BASE-PAIRING PRACTICE
Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence:
DNA Strand #1: C G G T A
DNA Strand #2: G C C A T
DNA Strand #1: A T C G C G A A
DNA Strand #2: T A G C G C T T
Chargaff’s RuleA = T C = GA+T+C+G = 100
For example: The DNA is made up of 15% Adenine. Figure out the amount of the other nitrogen bases.
Adenine = Thymine Thymine = 15(a)G+C+15+15=100 (b)100-15-15=G+C (c)100-30 = 70G+C = 70 and Guanine =CytosineG= 35 and C=35Therefore: A=15%, T=15%, G=35%, C=35%
Practice ProblemThe DNA is made up of 30% Cytosine, calculate the amount of the other nitrogen bases.
Cytosine = Guanine G=3030+30+A+T=100 A+T= 100-30-30T+A=40A=20, T=20Therefore: G=30, C=30, A=20, T=20