document resume - ericdocument resume ce 042 320 iopolewski, rick using and reading voltmeters....

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CE 042 320

Iopolewski, RickUsing and Reading Voltmeters. Fordson BilingualDemonstration Project.Dearborn Public Schools, Mich.Department of Education, Washington, DC.8568p.; For related documents, see CE 042 318-325.Parts of document printed on colored paper.Dearborn Public Schools, 4824 Lois Avenue, Dearborn,MI 48126 ($1.50; more than 10--$1.00 each).Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) -- GuidesClassroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051)English; Arabic

MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.Arabic; Behavioral Objectives; Bilingual EducationPrograms; Bilingual Instructional Materials; ElectricCircuits; *Electricity; *Electronics; EquipmentUtilization; Industrial Arts; Learning Activities;Learning Modules; Limited English Speaking;Measurement; *Measurement Equipment; PretestsPosttests; Pronunciation Instruction; SecondaryEducation; Trade and Industrial Education; VocabularyDevelopment; Vocational Education; *VocationalEnglish (Second Language)*Voltmeters

ABSTRACTThis vocational instructional module on using and

reading voltmeters is one of eight such modules designed to assistrecently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP),in critical instructional areas in a comprehensive high school. Goalstated for this module is for the student enrolled in electronicscourses to use and read voltmeters. Each module consists of theseparts: title; program goal and performance objectives; apronunciation koy; a language page which offers the pronunciation,definition, and usage of key terms in English and in Arabic; apretest; bilingual (English and Arabic') language (vocabulary andusage) activities; evaluation; pretest and activity answer sheets;and a list of supplementary materials and their location. For each ofthe six activities in this module the objective, a list of materialsneeded, procedure, and evaluation are provided in addition to thenecessary activity sheets or pages. (YLB)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made ** from the original document. ************************************************************************

BEST COPY MIAMI

FR S N Ii31LINGUALDEMONSTRATION

LT, PROJECT

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USING and READINGVOLTMETERS

J 416.11u_.40 j_134

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION

EOUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER f ERICI

Le/This document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating itMinor et anges have been made to enemas

reproduction quality

Points of view or opinions stated in this docu

ment do not necessarily represent official ME

position or policy.

2

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS /BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

ABOUT THE PROJECT'

The Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is designed to assist

recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to

adapt to a large and comprehensive high school. The project consists of

academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers

and'students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television

modules, staff development activities, and home - community liaison.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MC3CULESThe modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional

areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined

by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-

sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and

usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were

translated, duplicated, and field tested.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Rick Topolewski did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University

and his graduate training at the University of Michigan. Rick has worked in

the Industrial Education area at Fordson High School for the past 16 years.

The stills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined as

critical, for a better understanding of the reading of voltmeters.

CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Special Assistance:

Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor

Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant

Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator

Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor

Wendy Sample - Graphics

Christine Rdjda - Typist

Tahsine Bazzi - Translation

Demonstration Staff:

Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant

Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator

Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor

Jim Petrie - Facilitator

Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison

Issaaf Beydoun - instructional Aide

Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide

Karim Michael - Instructional Aide

Rihab Ahmad - Secretary

Dearborn Board of Education:

Agnes Dobronski - President

Kathleen Walsh - Vice President

Mary Bugeia - Secretary

Suzanne McIlniny - Treasurer

Ronald Chapman - Trustee

David MacKenzie - Trustee

Ruth Sample - Trustee

Administration:

Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent

Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services

Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development

Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School

Special Acknowledgement:

The interest, concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of

Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source

of strength and inspiration to us all.

Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced

except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author

or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.

This Project was supported by the United States Department of

Education.

The contents of this instructional module were developed under a

grant for the United States Department of Education. However,

those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that

agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal

Government.

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11 COMMON. `,00%10 0

METERS

VOLTMETERS: HOW THEY ARE USED AND READ

Developed By: I .1.e I

Richard R. Topolewski

6

1

This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English

proficiency students in electronics to use and read voltmeters. This

unit is designed for students enrolled in electronics courses.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The student will:

1. understand how meters are to be used;

2. know how to read the meter to determinevarious electrical measurements;

3. apply the knowledge and skill in meterusage with electrical circuitry.

The student will:

1. identify and label the various parts,scales, and voltage measuring rangesof the volt-ohm-milliammeter (multimeter)with 90% accuracy;

2. acquire and follow precautionary pro-cedures in using voltmeters at alltimes;

3. describe how a volt-ohm-milliammeter isconnected to an electrical circuit as avoltmeter to the satisfaction of theteacher;

4. understand and use basic vocabularyrelated to the voltmeter and itsusage to the satisfaction of theteacher;

III5. read voltage measurements with 80%accuracy.

PRETEST PAGE

Part I of the Post Test will be used as the Pre Test.

Give the student Part I of the Post Test at the end of the Module.

2

411PRETEST

To the teacher: for Part I you can use SCAN -IRON for easy scoring and

item analysis.

Part I:

1. The term voltage means:

a. electrons

b. protons

c. force or electricalpressure

d. power in watts

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2. Direct current is an electricalflow that moves in:

a. two directions

b. one direction

3. A voltmeter is aused to measure an electricalpotential in volts.

a. ruler

b. generator

c. measuring instrument

d. electrical component

e. switch

4. A voltmeter is connected to thecircuit or battery into measure the voltage.

a. series

b. parallel

c. both in series andparallel

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PRETEST (continued)

5. A meter that can measure voltage,electrical current and electricalresistance is called a

a. watt meter

b. ohm meter

c. current meter

d. volt-ohm-mulliammeter(V.O.M.)

6. Deflection on a meter means:

a. the amount the pointer will

move

b. polarity of the voltage

c. the current movement

7. The markings on the meter facethat represent differentvoltage levels is called the:

a. meter ruler

b. voltage ranges

c. voltage scales

8. A meter control which can beset to different measuringlevels found on a voltmeter

is called the:

a. meter ruler

b. voltage ranges

c. voltage scales

d. range switch

Go on to next page.

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PRETEST (continued)

9. A positive or negative conditionthat may exist across two dif-ferent points in an electricalcircuit is called:

a. current

b. power

c. resistance

d. polarity

10. Checking that the correctpolarity is observed when usinga D.C. voltmeter is connecting:

a. the positive test lead tothe positive point andnegative test lead to thenegative point.

b. the positive test lead tothe negative point and thenegative test lead to thepositive point.

11. If correct polarity is notobserved when using a volt-meter:

a. the pointer will move downscale

b. the pointer will move upscale

c. the pointer will not move

12. When measuring a D.C. voltage, the

D.C. polarity function switch mustbe set on:

a. -D.C.

b. A.C.

c. +D.C.

Go on to next page.

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PRETEST (continued)

13. The maximum voltage you canmeasure on a 50 vollt range is:

a. 10 volts

b. 50 volts

c. 25 volts

d. 30 volts

14. Full scale deflection on ameter scale indicates:

a. minimum value

b. zero value

c. maximum value

d. medium value

for the voltage range themeter is set on.

15. When setting the voltmeter onthe proper range for a voltagelevel to be measured, makesure the voltage range is:

a. lower than the voltage tobe measured

b. higher than the voltageto be measured

16. A parallel connection is anelectrical hook-up that has:

a. two or more electricalcurrent paths

b. only one electricalcurrent path

Go on to next page.

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PRETEST (continued)

17. The wires used to connect ameter to an electric circuitor battery are called:

a. cables

b. electric power wire

c. test leads

d. power cords

18. Terminal jacks on a meter arethe points where the test leadsare connected to the meter?

a. true

b. false

19. The positive (+) test lead is

colored red and the negative (-)test lead is colored black.

a. true

b. false

20. When measuring D.C. voltage,the terminal jacks to useare marked positive(+) andnegative (-) common.

a. true

b. false

13

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IIIPRONUNCIATION KEY

/a/ as in Adam

/3/ as in cake

/e/ as in let

/6/ as in meet

/i/ as in sit

/T/ as in ice cream

/o/ as in hot,

/6/ as in Coke

/u/ as in Seven up

/LW as in blue

/b/ as in boy

IIIc equals /s/ as in cents (100

/k/ as in cat

/d/ as in day

/f/ as in four

g equals /g/ as in go/dz/ as in page

/h/ as in he

j equals /dz/ as in fail

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14

/m/ as in man

/n/ as in man

/p/ as in Dr. Pepper

qu equals /kw/ as in sift

/r/ as in run

/s/ as in sun

/t/ as in ten

/v/ as in van

/w/ as in woman

/x/ as in extra

/y/ as :in yet (sometimes 161 asin many.)

/z/ as in zebra

/shi as in shut

/ch/ as in church

/ng/ as in sing.

/th/ (voiced) as in this

/th/ (unvoiced) as in thing

oo equals /0/ as in food/u/ as in good

411

LANGUAGE PAGE

1. alternating current (A.C.)

(ol' fir nat fng kur' ant)

electrical current that changes

direction and flows back and

forth in a circuit; electric

current that changes polarity

The electric circuits in your

home operate on alternating

current.

2. deflection (de flak' shim)

the amount a pointer (meter

needle) will move in an

electric meter to show a

reading

The voltmeter indicated a

deflection of 10 volts.

3. direct current (D.C.)

(dl rekt' kur' ant)

electrical current that

flows in only one direction

from a negative to a positive

polarity

Batteries supply direct

current to the flashlight.

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LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)

4. electric meter

(i lek' trik me ter)

an electrical measuring instru-

ment that can be used to measure

voltage or current or electrical

resistance

The electric meter was connected

to the circuit to measure voltage.

5. full scale (fOO1 skal)

the maximum value or deflection

a meter can indicate

The voltmeter shows full scale

411

deflection to indicate maximum

value.

6. linear scale (lin' a e'r skil)

an equally divided scale where

the divisions are the same

distance apart

The voltmeter has a linear scale

because the divisions are evenly

spaced.

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7. multimeter (mill' ti meld's)

single measuring instrument that

measures volts, electric current,

and ohms

The volt-ohm-milliammeter is a

multimeter because it can measure

more than one item.

8. non-linear scale

(non lin' a er skil)

a scale that is not equally

divided and the scale divisions

do not have equal value at all

points on the scale

An ohmmeter has a non-linear

scale.

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9. parallel connection q..)1J=J uric JLI I

(par' a lel ko nek' shun)

an electrical connection that

has two or more electrical

current paths

When one electrical component is

attached across another component

the connection will be parallel.

10. polarity (pot i ti)

a positive (+) or negative (-)

condition that may exist across

two different points in an

electric circuit

The polarity of the battery

terminal was positive.

11. range switch (rinj swich)

a meter control which can be

positioned into different

measuring levels or ranges

The voltmeter range switch

was positioned to the 50 volt

range.

12. series connection*I %I

(sir' ez ko nek'shun)

an electrical connection that has

only one electrical current path

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13. terminal jack (tur' mi nal jak)

a point where an electrical

connection is made

The terminal lacks on the D.C.

voltmeter are marked negative

(-) and positive (+).

14. test leads (test lids)

wire used to connect a meter

to an electric circuit

The wire test leads are about

six (6) inches long.

15. voltage (vol' tij)

force that exists between a

positive and a negative polarity;

electrical pressure that causes

electrons to flow in a circuit

The battery voltage is 1.5 volts.

16. voltage scale (v511 tij skal)

a marked meter face that represents

different voltage levels

A voltage scale of 10 volts was

used to take the measurement.

19

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17. voltmeter (volt me ter)

measuring instrument designed

to measure an electrical

potential in volts

The voltmeter measured 2 volts

across the lamp in the electrical

circuit.

18. volt-ohm-milliammeter (V.O.M.)

(volt Om mil' i am' miter)

meter that can measure voltage,

or electric current, or electrical

resistance.

A multimeter is also a

volt-ohm-milliammeter.

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41, For the student: L6A

You are going to learn:

the various parts, scales, and voltage

ranges of a volt-ohm-milliammeter (V.O.M.).

In order to do this you will be given:

a. a volt-ohn-milliammeter (V.O.M.);

b. a diagram of a V.O.M. with thelabeled parts;

c. a diagram of a V.O.M. withoutthe labeled parts;

d. a writing instrument.

You will be doing the following:

completing activity 1 in you module.

We will know you can do this when:

you are able to name and spell the

parts of the V.O.M. meter correctly.

21

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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

Using the labeled diagram on the

following page, locate and observe

those same parts on the actual V.O.M.

meter.

22

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tr..1.0J1 LA.'J1

D.C. polarityfunction switch

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

non linear scale

tr.10.11 . Le:16J' 1

16

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DIAGRAM OF VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMMETER (V.O.M.)

WITH LABELED PARTS

23

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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)

Using the unlabeled diagram on the

following page, fill in the names of

the parts with correct spelling.

Do not refer to the labeled diagram.

17

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DIAGRAM OF V.O.M.

LABEL THE PARTS INDICATED

25

For the student:


to read the 0-250 volt scale

found on the meter face.

In order to do this you will be given:

information pertaining to 0-250

volt scale and a diagram showing

voltage scales. Refer to Diagram

number 1. See page 21.

19

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-. .11.1.30 ,!..j uris

(.64,...i 'c o . , 4. ) A Q.t....A.. um::..;,-, c.-.1-.."-La.4

. st....,..u.......el.....i... ....,J.s. uLL,_. 1........, ta

1 F.5,.) 1.4.}.4A uA _ALI

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

The instrument used to measure

voltage is called a voltmeter. The

meter that you will be using in class

is actually three (3) meters in one:

a voltmeter which measures voltage,

an ammeter which measures current,

and an ohm meter which measures

electrical resistance. This meter is

called a multimeter V.O.M.

20

JI ai÷J10.1..1.5J

d.111 .11 ...WI r . Jr Jr ..1.=

J r r. tri y Sri

JAJ voltmeter

jt..Lui joj ammeter

jAj ohmmeter

27

.

.51 multimeter JIJAM

CITE JI V.G.M. AII.L.LeJA .1.1A.t,AA .11.1AM

G. 000O'

J.1 Le.JI ..)..,ZILIJI44

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

21

smaller markings whichhave no n bers

7A.44.).41

DIAGRAM # 1 yLl...4 F....A

to be used with STUDENT ACTIVITIES 2, 3 & 4.

E ir , T r-i..) 7.-1 WI 0-re..)1"

28


In this activity you will be

using the meter only as a voltmeter.

Therefore the scales on the meter

face will be read as voltage values.

The D.C. voltage scales which you

will be using are shown in Diagram 1.

Note there are three different D.C.

voltage scales:

0-250, 0-50, and 0-10.

Find these scales on Diagram 1.

Referring only to the 0-250 volt

scale on Diagram 1, you will

notice the values of voltages would

be between zero and a maximum of

250 volts. At deflection point A

of the scale, there is a 50 volt

mark. At deflection point B of the

scale, there is a 100 volt mark.

22

I .W1 cresi....:JI 1

134 voltmeter 6z1 uls

44,5 L,J.g v.L...11 I

1' (St

joljpzIAJIJI...1M 01 ..1.1.÷11 u.11

u,6 JQ LJ 1( yzJI

1.31 I:11U L 01 1,D.1 .

LJJ

r-L 0. To. _

easb

ji To u.

16-e3 01 -6..*-; Lk,'" (-3.) YL.'7"11 r'"JM14.0 To. uLal JA46.11 o-- k-'-'

u- A Lit j.,..L11um

B 61j.L111 ..6Jj.i 0. &..)L .4jz

. I.. a.mlic uac

29

STUDENT ACTIVITY*2 (continued)

Note that between 50 and 100 and

150.on the scale are smaller marks

which have no numbers. These smaller

marks which have no numbers represent

5 volts each on this scale. Therefore,

as an example for Diagram 1, the

pointer deflection at C indicated

105'volts. The pointer deflection

at D indicated 125 volts, and the

pointer deflection at E indicated

180 volts.

What is the voltage value on the

0-250 volt scale at deflection

point:

A

F

G

23

0. j %.. j o. aLI JAY

. " L. 14)1 J....Nz Y jizi I tz. Lea.JI 0-Lc

y4A., i$J....1...fle:J-.VsJI 6.1Pb 0-4 1616 JS 01

lafb Lrls 1Jji o J.AZ LA,LI

11..) I) .715-* C.) 1-4 1-4 I I :14 tr1-0 ty

I I u-Lc Li I I

j.e....tzj C Idjj 1.0 u4A

0 li'LLJI 1-1,0 %To QdhjIj.N.LII

. E J.LX J3Jr, IA. LA,

30

To. - Lrls 44:11 L.

aLs 14.0

volts

volts

volts

volts

24


What is the maximum voltage you can crs--e --6 1 Jt° L.

read on the 250 volt scale?

volts

What is the value. of each of the

smaller markings (which have no

numbers shown) on the 0-250

volt scale?

volts

31

S' yo J1

J. croa LA

Lris " 47.:J1,51

T o . J1


Refer to Diagram 2 on the next page.

Indicate the voltage readings at the

various pointer deflections marked

with letters on the 0-250 volt

scale.

pointer deflection

A

B

C

D

E

F

H

I

J

25

"T" rs, rA 0A eji

z.),.11) J5 v I ..1_10 To. A L.I. "AC I

. j.. L.A.. M I . J.= ki I I j5 a J5.11

32

voltage reading

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

volts

JL,zA

te- %54

A

DIAGRAM # 2 T 4LL.0.41

to be used with STUDENT ACTIVITIES 2, 3, & 4.

.r,

33

26

J J'401 ; 1:)O

For the student:


to read the 0-50 volt scale

found on the meter face.

In order to do this you will:

a. read the information given

b. refer to Diagram 1.See page 21.

27

34

ra fy.. 01 J.>1

e.0 Tja:, _ I

yzi.m Q,J1

411STUDENT ACTIVITY 3

In this activity, you will

be using the voltage scale 0-50

volts from Diagram 1. Find this

scale on the diagram. You will

notice the values of voltages

would be between zero and a

maximum of 50 volts. At de-

flection point A of the scale,

there is a 10 volt mark. At

deflection point B of the scale,

there is a 20 volt mark.


30 again there are the smaller

markings which have no numbers.

These smaller markings now will

represent 1 volt each on the

0-50 volt scale.

Therefore as an example from Diagram

1, the pointer deflection at C

indicated 21 volts. The pointer

deflection at D indicates 25

volts and the pointer deflection

at E indicates 36 volts.

28

q.1.11 lao Lk".

o 1 .6-1 j ire,. w.1?. .1 tij ul.c el-4j

f...; 01 Li,. yLl..m

Lrlgt o. J-to om.n. 0,0.4:. at-4

0.LeAAJI u-Is A 31..).A1 'ilk-I:. -I-Ls

uric g 16.AL .14,s 1.

.10J_..; T. 7411x

r. j T. j 1. c:.LAILM &LI .12:1

j.4, c.L434

11.).Juldc,LAILAA ea, 0.4 1411,.Js 01

ap.1,5 JoJj_i jI .104j.; 1 0.11

14.0 cre.e ce.e ts I a.*

.1

1.11

Lblj>,-..1 01i 0 14) t4Zl*,..11 r. J II 0-.1,-Ijj T1 u1 C J: 3.4J1

D lbaa aLs J.1.54J16IjaLI LLIj L.5

.,-1.x A5...11 Lb I Jam.I 0 L..s " I I j T o 011

ri t7.11 E 16s.:J1

35


What is the voltage value on the

0-50 volt scale when the deflection

point is at:

29

61.1.4 ula tio L.

IL1:0 eaut (0. LTA t:)-

aLJL,JI Li I yr,YI

A = volts

B = volts

F = volts

G = volts

What is the maximum voltage you 01 04.A.,. u-ILO 1A ,J L.L.

can read on the 50 volt scale? . July 0 . JI u_la Lot j-k.:

volts

What is the value of each smaller

marking (which have no numbers

shown) on the 0-50 volt scale?

volts

36

J:J

Isrei4.11 a4.2..11 aAYX yA L.

uJa (ljsbLL

o JI ue.1..14

J:J


From Diagram 2 indicate the volt-

age readings at the various

pointer deflections on the 0-50

volt scale.

pointer deflection

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

...)45.4Jh.20,...p...,1

30

prvA urls 14,-i 0. ,.... JI,I.LeJLA 1.4.2.:-.1

J-5 ai-e-J1 Ls-ei t.ril ,,..-t-1-1* r -i..) t : L Le-41

1...J 1.---11 Li I .7.N.:, i I I Li:. cr. 'a.12.i.:.

voltage reading

. volts

= volts

= volts

= volts

= volts

= volts

volts

volts

= volts

= volts

0 i AGRAM 4 2 T Pk) 1,r1-....a r*.ri

37

..s.t.a.11 Os 1 .7:4

For the student:


to read the 0-10 volt scale found

on the meter face.



b. refer to Diagram 1.

31

6I .1.4 S.01 u. s 1 .73 Lky.falIZZ

(143 ,1 .... .1 140 1.711x

38

. ataAA urls

JAI 14,

4,:16.11CI.Lapj..6.6A ljj:

.1 (1.3.) --e

STUDENT ACTIVITY 4

In this activity, you will be

using the voltage scale 0-10 volts

from Diagram 1.. Find this scale on

the diagram. The value of voltages

on this scale would be between zero

and a maximum of 10 volts. At

deflection point A of the scale,

there is a 2 volt mark.. At

deflection point B of the scale,

there is a 4 volt mark.


O6 there are the smaller markings

whith again have no numbers. These

smaller markings now will represent

.2 volts each (2/10 of a volt) on

the 0-10 volt scale.

As an example from Diagram 1,

the pointer deflection at C indicates

4.2 volts. The pointer deflection at

D indicates 5 volts and the pointer

deflection at E indicates 7.2

volts.

33

32

E cre)-az

4:0 ..14.JI 13A tr,

uriC .1j?.5.41A) 14.0 iG 0.d, 41%14

lab 01 JiL .)44oLeu..11

r_j_11

r-j 0' t:?`'

Jo,

0.. A cm:J.64,J .S.).1x.,

.1Lx L.I . 14.0 T ;LILA

E 0. BJay i

oas JS e.:,1 IA

1JE r Li 1 I J.-1.Z u4JI 1-411Ar Li.,I t7Ja, ri.OI Q., LA ILL

u.fl is.)...i.gdhLtd-416A a:11b 0,A 1.11c

Aqr J1)

0.1-.44 uric (.16.10 sijr>I 'krt.;

141.3 I. JI

olj 1 1.3.) r-jm

C I.7.11 I ..rts.

I ..,"&. L. I .140

I I 140 0 u-11 D

Lric E Li I .j.N.L I j4.5...-1

. yT

33


Look at Diagram 1. What is the

voltage value on the 0-10 volt

scale when the pointer is at:

yp L. .irs, 4r:A...11 (...,A um J12:.:4

1LALA als J1.5.M 0.15.e L4aLs

A = volts

B = volts

F = volts

G = volts

What is the maximum voltage you can tjsz or 0S... ai.> L.,-61.54 L.

SIJ,..., A . . JI 0.1...iiu upacread on the 0-10 volt scale?

volts 1.4.,..4

What is the value of each smaller

marking (which have no numbers

shown) on the 0-10 volt scale?

volts

4O

V.A US Lam,-i ys 1-.


From Diagram 2 indicate the voltage

readings at the various pointer

deflections on the 0-10 volt scale.

pointer deflection

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

34

T F.3.)

1LAL st..?. J5 1....3

. 14.0 1. . uris JJJJ

_11.4 asijJ

voltage reading

vol is

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

vol ts

DIAGRAM 4 2 r 14,

41

35

For the student: L,..J1-1011


how to use the various voltage ranges

on the V.D.M. multirange voltmeter.



b. refer to Diagram 3. See page 37,

42

.144J1 alas urls

V.O.M aasx.AJ

t4-t 01 J?! Cr*

O.0 c. j.126.-11 JAZ 1

.r (Lt...11 ejz Le

STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 0

Often you will need to measure

voltage levels much smaller or high-

er than what the voltage scales on

the meter face may indicate. For

this purpose, a multirange voltmeter

is used. It has two or three meter

scales and a range switch. Which

scale to use is determined by the

setting of the range switch. The

range to use will be determined by

how high a voltage you want to

measure.

Refer to Diagram 3. In order to

measure a voltage level between zero

and 250 V. the range switch would be

set at the 250 V. setting (position

Y. on Diagram 3). Then the voltage

scale you would take your readings

from would be the 0-250 volt scale.

(You have already become familiar

with this scale in student activity

2).

36

a44.C1fLwejZ...L)IL,JJ CUID.4:0 L. "Ij.eLS

J4s1 J1 j..31

ukj_im 1Z1A %k., 0.4 ..slaa.11 .11.?,11

J1 %.,..z1 j0....11 .11.1AJI

J1 cre..l.e.a. 011.= ,1.12J1 !az .C.1.>da.11

Li,JA.. 01 .t-eja.11 ixisj

.1.1...Nzz

y..11 ..ej.szJI

01 a..,:zqal

43

.r IvJ 4,LL..11 r., rJI u)1 ej1Lsjz.....-eaz 01 j41 0.0

eLeJis 144 (To. - .1

14p To. Lias teja-IJ j$Jz 01

yLL,..4 Lyle Y q11

.14.÷J1 ue. L.4.. 0 Li u. L-11 t ,la urls

To. . jtb

J.94 ralb ols

(T fj.J

STUDENT ACTIVITY 5 0 14)4T.J...1

DIAGRAM # 3 r 14, yLt...x ,x

Meter scales

37

!RANGE SWITCH

CHART A 1.

RANGE SWITCH POSITION VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION

SETTING RANGE SCALE A 8 C 0

1.4 V 2.1 V

10 V 0-10 1.2 V 3 V c A V R d V

X 50 V 0-50 6 V 15 V 28 V 42 V

210 VY 25f1 V n-.2cn in V 75 V 140 V

1000 V 0-10 120 V 300 V 560 V

I840 V

44


If you are measuring voltage levels

much smaller than 250 volts, as an ex-

ample, let us say voltages between

zero and 2.5 volts, then you would

set the range switch to the 2.5 volt

setting (position Y. on Diagram 3).

The voltage scale you would use would

still be the 0-250 volt scale, but

the full scale.

Likewise if you are measuring

voltage levels between zero and 10

volts, you would set the range switch

to the 10 volt setting (position W on

Diagram 3) and use the meter scale

marked 0-10 volts. The maximum voltage

that would deflect the pointer full

scale is 10 volts.

If it becomes necessary to measure

volt levels much higher than 10 volts,

as an example, let us say voltages

between zero and 1,000 volts then you

would set the range switch to the 1,000

volt setting (position Z on Diagram 3).

The voltage scale you would use would

still be 0-10 volts, but the full scale

deflection would be read as 1,000 volts

and not 10 volts. Once again the maximum

voltage you can measure on the 1,000

volt range is 1,000 volts and the

numbered values on the meter scale

take on new values.

38

lal

vac To

Tsc j kA.504.7..4

it..Ai:, 01 31.3.L.c 4,-1..c,i)j.)-LJI v. gl-Jj.i

Al 145-4 1 .0 JI 1,saj t,4J.ir 11ai...N.11.1...3... 01 (.1., r:;, r.J.11

AL13 yb 63A

0.5,J, ."1.6.1j_i To.

&LI u1s

u.,,.azcL.5 131 411..1:1.5 T.0

114.0 .,""

JJ I Z L.;:a4 tiLL (W% JI 2,,..2.6.5t.:5 rikAji Lr. I 16-5J

. .:4 -6.34a u11 J,A0 v.. .:, L.4.11s o Lc t..5 3A

qjjsrOJI ir. r,,01 131

J.ILJ .11jj %. 0.4

(111-1A 1... j J.:443

JI c o, 0.1s c_ejJ:JI 01 "ljl

rm Lric 14; %...3 t43A .14,-,J1001...14 01 .(r%. . 61 4.:.13 jib

us. 0-le 1 Jae.. v l r.a .JI 0-Ls LS-I1 Li I

a .7. tJa1.5-i t . az 1

01 JJJ at.?. 0,10 01

01j Ili.; %... use 1... JI

. ty,

45


Do you get the idea? It requires a

little thought. Let us see how well

you understand.

To provide some practice readings,

the meter pointer (needle) in Diagram

3 is shown in position A, B, C, and

D. The values of the indicated

voltage for each range switch set-

ting appears in chart A below the

diagram. You are to read the meter

first, then compare your readings

with the answers given in Chart A.

After you have checked your voltage

readings from Diagram 3 and chart A,

complete the voltage readings for

chart B using Diagram 4 on the next

page.

39

aa. (41 u.11

43 J.4.5....11 j+14.e astjJ

A,B,C,D, 11.3.J1 r (.3j (4.1.M r-jm

jSj uas 4 .:.4 N 01

of "lit ja-1 A jja,,,m1.,J>IL.e&alli1j3 JA.3z 1.4,31.12M it

. A jja4 u4s

u4s st.,JJ oi.x.1s1j3 IN0 oi

jrnsi, A uag, r ps, wL Jl 1...11

'Et j.p.14 urilA

.1.JUJI GIs F 1.3j t4L1.......41r...j..11.-e

STUDENT ACTIVITY 5

DIAGRAM # 4

r-3J

r-k)

40

CHART B

RANGE SWITCH

RANGE SWITCH POSITION

----

VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION

SETTING RANGE SCALE

V 2.5 V 0-250

W 10 V 0-10

X 50 V 0-50

0-240Y 950 V

J 1000 V 0-10

47

STUDENT ACTIVITY 5

DIAGRAM # 4 i rj...) t:r:A--,-0 r.....ril

41

Le....,,,11 e?.....0-

Answer Key

CHART B

RANGE SWITCH c l..z...i..11fis.z....JI

RANGE SWITCH POSITION VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION

.SETTING RANGE SCALE A B C 0

V 2.5 V 0-250 .25V j v

4V

1 6V

A 4V

2__3v____

9 *9VW 10 V 0-10 1V

X 50 V 0-50 5V 22/12y461_100V 160V 230VY 250 V 0-2c0 25V

Z 1000 V 0-10 100V 400V 640V 920V

For the student:


how to connect a V.O.M. multimeter

to a circuit in order to make a

voltage measurement.

In order to do this you will be giventhe following:

a. a real V.O.M. multimeter;

b. a flashlight battery (1 cell);

c. two (2) test leads - one red

41 one black.

In order to do this activity you will:

a. read the information given;

b. refer to Diagram 5 on next page;

c. do whatever the activity statesstep by step;

d. hook up the real V.O.M. meteracross the battery as indicated

in Diagram 5.

42

Jaxa.A J 1 JsJI Jos) 1..i.5

-14-? J.? 0- "4-el 3.)yLL,vi-5

crLe L. Lk,. I .11_, P.!'`' c4J

y.4.1>cz.me JI

LT!. c 1-,42- ( -4.%) 1-6,.1 a. 3-t 11-0

(3.1,.19

. *1.0 .1>ljj ji.z3,1 .51

3,14L.JLe

°

L". crej.z._11 I34, rj_ilz 45J

t,LJI c.I JUJ )/ I 1 _ 7

u-Ls 0 rj rastli. 1,JUJI

Le-LAcya.:..e L. J.5, rjJz

Asp c.me joiz. J

r'w.)-11 L.7-6 ..tfe" ..1b LS

DIAGRAM # 5 (0) H..) fm,.)

Student Activity 6 (1)

Meter Scales

Set D.C. Polarityfunction switch to + D.C.

1-,.AJ I , u-Lt t1-"1441

r "". k .40 4 4,

41. e 4 4leS .)4t.

T

Meter Terminal Jacks

Black test

43

Set Voltagerange switchto 2.5V range

kfria-t-LA Lezi, eiReds ( +) test lead

t

Batter/ cell1,1,)44-4

Meter Connections To MeasureVoltage of Battery (1 cell)

tj v.. 1- J t

Lamp(flashlight bulb) (q-/-1'm tt-"24-11

50

STUDENT ACTIVITY 6

To measure voltage a voltmeter

must be connected properly to the

circuit or battery. The connection

must be in parallel; that is, across

the circuit or across the battery

terminals. Refer to Diagram 5. Also

polarity must be observed in order

for the pointer to deflect up-scale.

If polarity is connected wrong, the

pointer will move in the opposite or

wrong direction.

STEP 1:

The red test lead is connected to

the positive (+) terminal jack on

the meter, and the other end con-

nected to the positive terminal or

point on the battery. The black

test lead is connected to the

negative (-) or common terminal

jack on the meter and the other end

connected to the negative terminal

or point on the battery.

44

at ax 0.2,. 01 t,..?! ,"1.1.1.:>cSz y5

lij1.4J1. c.,,,NO J5.1, "1).0.}4

0.24.e 01 (r+.14..e lapoj uds J1.0.:41

ykl.r.JA J1 kj1.1A r,s JLA:11

y4J .(11.,01.7. IlLej4

y.:414

7,_,.12.3..11 t -L e I...el)... " Lam, I c

I

'3..Y4 -t.5.4-11 11.,--.1 u I I Cr1.:4 131 . u.L.e.1.0A Lrle

41.,,...z11. .21 v...5.2_1L, JZ5AJ10Li .13-La

. alaAM vie Ls1 1_10

+ t_i-d*,.11 04Ix I

jt.,=>11 tiLluo crk),10 J>1 0.54.e

, .31.4.3a a.r...2.11 (+1 47.?,...".J1,,....1.J1.

L.4)2..r " .5.4o ,>51 t 4..)0.11 0.';0

a>1 Z.1.1.11

k_3.)b_11 yrIc a..2>JAA (-1

J,..0.2xJ1 "


STEP 2:

Because the voltage of a single cell

battery is between 1.5 volts to 2

volts, set the range switch on the

meter to the 2.5 volt range. With

the range switch set to the 2.5 volt

range, you will be using. the 0-250

volt scale but remember the maximum

reading on this scale is 2.5 volts.

All of, the markings on this scale

take on new values as learned in

student activity 5..

STEP 3:

Set the D.C. polarity function switch

to +D.C. position. (This switch

should be left in this position all

of the time.)

Note: Remember these three precautions

when using a V.O.M. multimeter to make

voltage measurements:

1. Connect the volt meter in parallel

across the points of a circuit or

battery.

2. Check for correct polarity.

Positive red test lead attaches

to the positive (+) terminal

point of the battery. Negative

black test lead attached to the

negative (-) terminal point of

the battery.

3. Check the voltage range switch

setting. Make sure the switch

is set to the voltage range high

enough to measure the voltage

level.

45

: T P5J ;.7"

:-:w1 44 st.i..11 1....4 01 LA,.

to single cell battery 1.1!..0

,r' J. y j ,0

d.L.; 14,4 y J1 J1-?... L,-Le

T 0 J1 JL. . kric J1 t

LI Jb LS.:1-11u.1-ifaA.-1. 1 0 "

..).5.1.= 01 J, 0.5-1j 6J,s T o . ... J1

Ia. rig J 1,4 ulx1

trisc.L.UM JS . .13-1j.1

IjA

60 (4) cji....eszOlci

: r 14.)

01 ukj +

ejJ1 146 '44

1...41-4j11 t.SA J.SaZ : 11%16

V.O.M. J1 C.Fte (-""-c 141Lt-11

: -+4 1-+JU

qjljzIA LTIc .11.1s J.0, 1 .1

j1 k)1.ill 11.1.1

e..41 +) Li.eN4 1,-Imax 01 0.. T

...)1,1;41 al- 01 ( j

'61.)"" "1.""V- WI/ 01 Le-'-et 'T"?.)-*-11

LS 1441.2..11 4j ( +1 J.,,eojzJI

aj-V1 jLez.i.11 eLL. 01j

J-,):--1. cos, cdis.U.N.11 44 (-) u....11J1

01 .t.yja:J1 .151-m r

JLA u,.16


STEP 4:

Now, connect the V.O.M. meter test

leads and battery as shown in

Diagram 5 and actually hook-up the

circuit as indicated in the diagram.

Example: Measuring 2 volts, you

should have it set for the 2.5

volt range, always use the proper

voltage range for the voltage you

are going to be measuring.

***********************************

Never use a smaller voltage range

than the level of voltage you will

be measuring. This may damage the

meter.

***********************************

You could not measure 50 volts on a

10 volt range setting. You must set

the range switch to the proper

voltage range. In order to measure

50 volts, the range switch would

be positioned to the 50 volt

setting.

46

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53

0 . JI u-Lc

STUDENT ACTIVITY 6 (celtinued)

STEP 5:

Measure the voltage from the single

cell battery by reading the deflec-

tion of the pointer from the meter.

What is the measured voltage of

the single cell battery?

S

I

volts.

47

; 1 r-3 o,k

single cell battery

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54

POST TEST

DIAGRAM #6

PART I

PART II

55

48

POST TEST

To the teacher: for Part I you can use SCAN-TRON for easy scoring and

item analysis.

Part I:

1. The term voltage means:

a. electrons

b. protons

c. force or electricalpressure

d. power in watts

2. Direct current is an electrical

flow that moves in:

a. two directions

b. one direction

49

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3. A voltmeter is a . al_?..11 alas - r

used to measure an electricalpotential in volts.

a. ruler

b. generator

c. measuring instrument

d. electrical component

e. switch

4. A voltmeter is connected to thecircuit or battery into measure the voltage.

a. series

b. parallel

c. both in series andparallel

Go on to next page.

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56

POST TEST (continued)

5. A meter that can measure voltage,electrical current and electricalresistance is called a

a. watt meter

b. ohm meter

c. current meter

d. volt-ohm-mulliammeter(V.O.M.)

6. Deflection on a meter means:

a. the amount the pointer will

move

b. polarity of the voltage

c. the current movement

7. The markings on the meter facethat represent differentvoltage levels is called the:

a. meter ruler

b. voltage ranges

c. voltage scales

8. A meter control which can beset to different measuringlevels found on a voltmeteris called the:

a. meter ruler

b. voltage ranges

c. voltage scales

d. range switch

Go on to next page.

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9. A positive or negative conditionthat may exist across two dif-ferent points in an electricalcircuit is called: .

a. current

b. power

c. resistance

d. polarity

10. Checking that the correctpolarity is observed when usinga D.C. voltmeter is connecting:

a. the positive test lead tothe positive point andnegative test lead to thenegative point.

b. the positive test lead tothe negative point and thenegative test lead to thepositive point.

11. If correct polarity is notobserved when using a volt-

meter:

a. the pointer will move downscale

b. the pointer will move upscale

c. the pointer will not move

12. When measuring a D.C. voltage, the

D.C. polarity function switch mustbe set on:

a. -D.C.

b. A.C.

c. +0,C.

Go on to next page.

51

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13. The maximum voltage you canmeasure on a 50 volt range is:

a. 10 volts

b. 50 volts

c. 25 volts

d. 30 volts

14. Full scale deflection on ameter scale indicates:

a. minimum value

b. zero value

c. maximum value

d. medium value

for the voltage range themeter is set on.

15. When setting the voltmeter onthe proper range for a voltagelevel to be measured, makesure the voltage range is:

a. lower than the voltage tobe measured

b. higher than the voltageto be measured

16. A parallel connection is anelectrical hook-up that has:

a. two or more electricalcurrent paths

b. only one electricalcurrent path

Go on to next page.

52

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17. The wires used to connect ameter to an electric circuitor battery are called:

a. cables

b. electric power wire

c. test leads

d. power cords

18. Terminal jacks on a meter arethe points where the test leadsare connected to the meter?

a. true

b. false

19. The positive (+) test lead iscolored red and the negative (-)test lead is colored black.

a. true

b. false

20. When measuring D.C. voltage,the terminal jacks to useare marked positive(+) andnegative (-) common.

a. true

b. false

60

53

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EVALUATION

54

For the teacher: The pretest (Part I) should be used along with post testevaluation (Part II).

DIRECTIONS:

Use Diagram 6 on the following page.

The meter pointer (needle) is shown

on positions A, B, and C, and D.

Fill in the values of the indicated

voltage for each range switch setting

that appears in Chart C below

Diagram 6.

You are to read the voltage values

from the meter scales for the

various pointer positions first,

then write your answers in Chart C.

There are 20 answers total.

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61

... (T.) 0....)4.c Lbaas

PART II

crIL.t...ii ....?...J1

Post Test..),,..i.91 40..),.:-..11

DIAGRAM #6(11 1-3,,,,rLL,.,.-11 t...,Jt

0

ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Student Activity #2

Referring to Diagram 1 L Deflection of pointer at point:

A = 50 volts

B = 100 volts

F = 215 volts

G = 240 volts

Maximum voltage you can read on the 250 volt scale is 250 volts.

The value of each smaller marking (which have no numbers shown) on the

0-250 volt scale is 5 volts each.

Referring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:

A = 25 volts

B = 60 volts

C = 75 volts

D = 95 volts

E = 135 volts

F = 150 volts

G = 170 volts

H = 185 volts

1 = 225 volts

J = 235 volts

63

56

ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIES

STUDENT ACTIVITY #3

Referring to Diagram 1 - Reflection of pointer at point:

A = 10 volts

B = 20 volts

F = 43 volts

G =.48 volts



0-50 volt scale is 1 volt.

IIIReferring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:

A = 5 volts

B = 12 volts

C = 15 volts

D = 19 volts

E = 27 volts

F = 30 volts

G = 34 volts

H = 37 volts

I = 45 volts

J = 47 volts

64

57

6 ANSWER KEY FOR STUDENT ACTIVITIESStudent Activity #4

Referring to Diagram 1 - Deflection of pointer at point:

A = 2 volts

B = 4 volts

F = 8.6 volts

G = 9.6 volts



0-10 volt scale is .2 volts each.

411 Referring to Diagram 2 - Deflection of pointer at point:

A = 1 volt

B = 2.4 volts

C = 3 volts

D = 3.8 volts

E = 5.4 volts

F = 6 volts

G = 6.8 volts

H = 7.4 volts

I = 9 volts

J = 9.4 volts

65

58

ANSWER KEY FOR PART I OF PRETEST AND EVALUATION

Note: The same test is used for the pretest and evaluation.

Part I:

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. b

5. d

6. a

7. c

8. d

9. d

10. a

11. a

12. c

13. b

14. c

15. b

16. a

17. c

18. a

19. a

20. a

Part II: See following page.

66

59

60

ANSWER KEY FOR POST TEST

PART II

RANGE SWITCH

RANGE SWITCH POSITION

. _

VOLTAGE VALUE AT POINTER POSITION

.

SETTING RANGE SCALE A B C 0

V 0 -250 .

W 10 V 0-10

0-50

1.6 V

8 V

4.8 V

24 V

7 V

35 V

9.2 v

46 yX 50 V

Y 250 V__ 0-250 40 V 12O V 175 V 230 V

Z 1000 V 1 0-10 , 160 V 480 V 700 V 920 V

67

ANSWERS

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

BOOKS:

Exploring Electricity and Electronics

by Howard H. Gerrish & William E. Dugger

FILMSTRIP:

Electrical Measurements

Set of 3 filmstripsSet 67212

Classroom library

to be purchased

Meters to be purchased

10 loop setT 89-3917/1

Cartridged Super 8

68

61

document resume - ericdocument resume ce 042 320 iopolewski, rick using and reading voltmeters....

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