document resume - eric · document resume. u. 042 322. vick, james e. automobile engine: basic...
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DOCUMENT RESUME
U. 042 322
Vick, James E.Automobile Engine: Basic Ignition Timing. FordsonBilingual Demonstration Project.Dearborn Public Schools, Mich.Department of Education, Washington, DC.8570p.; For related documents, see CE 042 318-325.Dearborn Public Schools; 4824 Lois Avenue, Dearborn,MI 48126 ($1.50; more than 10--$1.00 each).Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) -- Guides -Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051)English; Arabic
MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.Arabic; *Auto Mechanics; Behavioral Objectives;Bilingual Education Programs; Bilingual InstructionalMaterials; *Engines; Learning Activities; LearningModules; Limited English Speaking; PretestsPosttests; Pronunciation Instruction; SecondaryEducation; Trade and Industrial Education; VocationalEducation; *Vocational English (Sinond Language)*Ignition Systems
ABSTRACTThese two vocational instructional modules on basic
automobile ignition timing and on engine operation, four-strokecycle, are two of eight such modules designed to assist recentlyarrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), in.critical instructional areas in a comprehensive high school. Goalstated for this module is for the student enrolled in automobilecourses to learn the correct basic ignition timing of an automobileengine and to explain the operation of the automobile engine duringthe four-strokes of the operating cycle and to identify the variousparts of the engine. Each module consists of these parts: title;program goal and performance objectives; a pronunciation key; alanguage page which offers the pronunciation, definition, and usageof key terms in English and in Arabic; a pretest; bilingual (Englishand Arabic) language (vocabulary and usage) activities; evaluation;pretest and activity answer sheets; and a list of supplewentarymaterials and their location. For each activity the objective, a listof materials needed, procedure, and evaluation are provided inaddition to the necessary activity sheets or pages. Each moduleccntains three activities. (YLB)
************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *
* from the original document. *
***********************************************************************
UST COPY AVAILABLE
F ILINGUALDEMONS ION
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AUTOMOBILE E I E:BASIC IGNITION TIMING
097; 3J J.,cr.
cp_itamwealim v4,z,a4JU.& DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
(CENTER (MCI1 This doetniant Ms been ffoploduced as
reclined horn the person or orgemeattonoriginating it
Li Minor changes have beenmade to improvereproduction quality,
Points of view or opinions stated in this doctement do not necessarily represent official NIEPosition Or poky,
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GqANTED BY
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOUR SINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
ABOUT THE PROJECT
The 'Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is'designed to assist
recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to
adapt to a large and comprehensive high scaool. The project consists of
academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers
and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television
modules, staff development activities, and home-community liaison.
ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES
The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional
areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined
by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-
411sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and
usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were
translated, duplicated, and field tested.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University
and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked
in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.
The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined
is critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.
3
CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Special Assistance:
Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor
Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant
Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator
Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor
Wendy Sample - Graphics
Christine Rajda - Typist
Tahsine Bazzi - Translation
Demonstration Staff:
Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant
Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator
Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor
Jim Petrie - Facilitator
Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison
Issaaf Beydoun - Instructional Aide
Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide
Karim Michael - Instructional Aide
RihabAhmad - Secretary
Dearborn Board of Education:
Agnes Dobronski - President
Kathleen Walsh - Vice President
Mary Bugeia - Secretary
Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer
Ronald Chapman - Trustee
David MacKenzie - Trustee
Ruth Sample - Trustee
Administration:
Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent
Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services
Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development
Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School
Special Acknowledgement:
The interest; concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of
Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source
of strength and inspiration to us all.
4
Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced
except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author
or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.
This Project was supported by the United States Department of
Education.
The contents of this instructional module were developed under a
grant for the United States Department of Education. However,
those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that
agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal
Government.
tr
AUTOMOBILE ENGINE OPERATIONBASIC IGNITION TIMING
2
This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English
111 proficiency students in learning the basic ignition timing of an auto-
mobile engine. The unit is designed for students enrolled in automotive
courses.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the correct
basic ignition timing of an automobile engine with
100% accuracy.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completing the activities of this module,
the student will:
1. identify the compression stroke of an engine;
(Activity 1)
III2. identify the exhaust stroke of an engine;
(Activity 1)
3. click-over an engine's crankshaft using the
keyswitch; (Activity 2)
4. locate the ignition timing marks; (Activity 3)
5. locate the timing mark "0" degrees; (Activity 3)
6. identify the correct time for the spark plug to
fire; (Activity 3)
7. position piston number 1 at the top of the
compression stroke on an operating engine
with 100% accuracy. (Activity 3)
PRETEST
Write the coerect letter in the spaceavailable.
1. The part of the engine that
moves up and down in the cylinder is
the:
a. valve c. cylinder
b. crankshaft d. piston
2. The part of the engine that
turns when the piston moves down is
the:
a. crankshaft c. cylinder
b. combustion d. valve
3. The part that makes the
gasoline burn is the:
a. piston c. spark plug
b. battery d. exhaust
4. When the piston moves up and
down the crankshaft:
a. moves up c. strokes
b. moves down d. turns
5. The piston moves up on the:
a. compressions and intake stroke
b. intake and exhaust stroke
c. exhaust and compression stroke
d. power and exhaust stroke
Go on to next page.
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PRETEST (continued)
6. The stroke that squeezes the
gasoline and air mixture together is
the:
a. intake stroke
b. compression stroke
c. power stroke
d. exhaust stroke
7. During the compression stroke
the gasoline-air mixture:
a. stays in the cylinder
b. moves out the exhaust valve
c. burns
d. moves into the engine
8. During the exhaust stroke the
gasoline-air mixture:
a. stays in the cylinder
b. moves out of the cylinder
c. moves into the cylinder
d. burns
9. When the piston is on the
compression stroke, it is:
a. moving down
b. turning
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PRETEST (continued)
11. Adjusting the engine so that
the spark plug fires at the proper
time is called:
a. mixture adjustment
b. compression setting
c. basic ignition timing
d. setting the intake valve
12. You can identify the compression
stroke by:
a. looking at the timing marks
b.. removing a spark plug and feelingfor air blowing out of the plughole
c. removing a spark plug, lookinginto the cylinder
d. checking for air going into thecylinder
13. The.timing marks show the:
a. condition of the battery
b. position of the piston
c. condition of the spark plug
d. position of the spark plug
14. The timing marks are located
on the:
a. points
b. right side of the engine
c. left side of the engine
d. front of the engine
Go on to next page.
5
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PRETEST (continued) e":1,
15. You can click-over the engine kjj.) o
by:J.,.
.a. tapping with a wrench " I " Lit".
b. pushing the car tikt
c. turning the keyswitch1..)1 al c
d. hitting with a hammera
16. The parts shown below are called:
a. crankshaft
b. piston
c. timing marks
d. engine numbers
17. The spark plug should fire
when the piston is:
a. at the top of the exhaust stroke
b. at the top of the compression stroke
c., at the bottom of the intake stroke
d. at the bottom of the power stroke
Go on to next page.
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plug hole and
lined-up, the
a. will starttiming" is
b. will coughtivAro" is
c. not start
d. burn up in
PRETEST (continued)
air blows out of the spark
the timing marks are
engine:
easily because "basiccorrect
and shake because "basiCwrong
flames
19. The timing marks line-up
when the piston is on the:
a. intake stroke
b. compression stroke
c. compression and exhaust stroke
d. power and intake strokt,
20. Which stroke of the four-
stroke cycle is shown below:
a. intake stroke
b. compression stroke.
c. power stroke
d. exhaust stroke
7 .
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PRETEST -- .ANSWER KEY
1. d 6. b 11. c 16. c
2. a 7. a 12. b 17. b
3. c 8. b 13. b 18. a
4. d 9. c 14. d 19. c
9. c 10. c 15. c 20. b
13
PRONUNCIATION KEY
/a/ as in Adam
/5/ as in cake
/e/ as in let
/5/ as in meet
/i/ as in sit
/T/ as in ice cream
/o/ as in hot
/6/ as in Coke
/u/ as in Seven Up
/5/ as in blue
/b/ as in boy
IIIc equals /s/ as in cents (10t)
/k/ as in cat
/d/ as in day
/f/ as in four
a equals /g/ as in go/dz/ as in page
/h/ as in he
j equals /dz/ as in jail
/k/ as in kick
/1/ as in Cola
/m/ as in man
/n/ as in man
/p/ as in Or. Pepper
qu equals /kw/ as in gait
In as in run
/s/ as in sun
/t/ as in ten
/v/ as in van
/w/ as in woman
/x/ as in extra
/y/ as in yet (sometimes /6/ asin many)
/z/ as in zebra
/sh/ as in shut
/ch/ as in church
/ng/ as in sis.
/th/ (voiced) as in this
./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing
oo equals /5/ as in food/u/ as in good
14
9
VOCABULARY
'F. basic ignition timing
making the spark plug fire at thecorrect time when the piston isat the top of the compressionstroke
2. click
A noise that is very short. Anoise that sounds like a click canbe made by turning the key on acar and quickly letting go of thekey. This is called "clicking- over"the engine.
3. compression
pushing or squeezing gasoline andair together to make a highpressure
4. compression stroke
when the piston moves up in thecylinder to squeeze the gasoline-air mixture tightly in the cylinderThe piston moves up and both valvesare closed.
5. crankshaft
The part of the engine that turnswhen the piston is pushed down bythe explosion of the gasoline-airmixture. The pistons are connect-ed to the crankshaft.
6. cylinder
The round hole in the engine blockthat the piston fits into. Thepiston moves up and down in thecylinder.
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15
10
VOCABULARY (continued)
7. degrees
small parts of a circle. Thedegrees are the numbers themechanic uses to find the pdsition of the piston and crank-shaft.
8. exhaust
to push out of a space. Theburned gas that is left in acylinder when the gasoline isburned. .
9. four-stroke cycle
the order.of events that causes theautomobile engine to run. The fourstrokes of the piston are:intake stroke, compression stroke,power stroke, exhaust stroke.
10. gasoline-air mixture
the explosive gas that is used inthe engine to make it run. Thegasoline must be mixed with aircorrectly to get the best burn-ing and best power.
. 11. identify
to place the correct name on anobject or person. The studentswere told to identify their desksby placing their name on pieces ofpaper.
12. keyswitch
the part in the car where the keyis placed and turned to start theengine. When the keyswitch isturned the crankshaft will turn
. or rotate.
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VOCABULARY (continued)
13. piston
the round part in the engine that. moves up and down and fits intothe cylinder. The piston-is push-ed down by the exploding gasolineand air and then the crankshaftturns.
14. spark plug
the pert of the engine that causesthe gasoline and air to explode.The spark plug is connected to awire and it is put in ehole atthe top of the cylinder.-
15. stroke
to move a part in a straight linefrom one place to another place.The piston moves from the top ofthe cylinder to the bottom. This
is called the piston stroke.
16. timing mark
small numbers on the front of theengine to show the position ofpiston number one. These marks areused to set the "basic ignitiontiming".
12
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LANGUAGE PAGE
Write the word neatly and correctlyin English in the space available.
1. basic ignition timing
.2. click
3. compression
4. compression stroke
5. crankshaft
6. cylinder
7. exhaust
8. degrees
9. four-stroke cycle
10. gasoline-air mixture
11. identify
12. keyswitch
13. piston
14. stroke
15. spark plug
16. timing marks
13
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1
14
OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the Compression stroke andthe exhaust stroke of an engine.
MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 1.
PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activity as described on the
following pages.
EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this objectivewhen the student has completed the worksheet with all
activities 100% accurate.
19
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)
Write in the correct words for steps 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this activity.
1. Write the correct name for each
stroke from the list below in the
blank.
intake stroke
compression stroke
power stroke
exhaust stroke
15
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(IfAIRFUELMIXTURE
STROKE STROKE
20
STROKE STROKE
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)
2. Write the name of the stroke
described in each sentence
below.
a. Stroke
The piston moves down and the gasoline-
air mixture comes into the cylinder.
b. Stroke
The piston moves up and squeezes the
gasoline-air mixture together and both
valves are closed.
c. Stroke
The spark plug fires and the piston is
pushed down by the exploding gasoline-
air mixture.
d. Stroke
The piston moves up and the burned mix-
ture is pushed out of the cylinder
through the valve.
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STUDENT ACTIVITY l'(continued)
3. Look at the diagrams below.
Fill-in the blank spaces.
a. Is the air squeezed tighter in the
compression stroke or in the exhaust
stroke?
Stroke
b. The air is squeezed tighter during
the compression stroke because both
valves are----
17
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)
4. If we remove a spark plug and put a
finger over the spark plug hole, we
feel air coming out of the hole.
More air will be squeezed out the
spark plug hole during the
stroke because
both valves are closed.
5. The stroke of the engine with more
air coming out of the spark plug
hole is the stroke.
6. We can identify the compression
stroke by removing a
plug and placing our finger over
the spark plug
When we feel , we
have found the compression stroke.
18
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19
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2
OBJECTIVE: The student will describe how to "click-over" an engine toposition the piston at the top of the compression stroke.
MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 2.
PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on thefollowing pages.
EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved thisobjective when the student has completed the worksheet with100% accuracy.
24
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
1. 'Look at the drawings below and do
what you are told:
Fill-in each blank using one of
these words: u2., down, turning,
crankshaft, click, key.
The piston is moving
and the crankshaft is
AIR-FUELMIXTURE
2. The pistons move down and up in the
cylinder. This makes the crankshaft
turn or rotate. When we turn the key,
the engine crankshaft rotates and
the pistons move and
20
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
3. We can get the pistons to move down
and up by using our hand to turn
the
4. The piston below is moving
and the crankshaft is
21
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5. When the piston moves
and , the
turns.
6. If we want to move the piston up or
down, we can do this by turning the
key. The engine will make a noise
that sounds like when
we turn the key and let it go. We
can move the pistons by clicking-
over the engine using the
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
7. If Wit want the pistons to stop and
go, we must turn and let go of the
27
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STUDENT ACTIVITY 3
OBJECTIVE: The student will identify the correct time that the spark plug
should fire.
MATERIALS: A pencil and Activity 3.
PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on the
following pages:
EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this
objective when the student has completed the worksheet with
all activities 100% correct.
28
23
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
Read this worksheet very carefully:
Fill-in the blank space with the
correct word or letter.
. J1 1.1.11.1Lo
24
1. The picture below is a drawing of zjimis 4L.141 _
an engine. It is labeled so that 1/4-kJ...a)* I cr. 41.L.S...z
you can find the front of an engine 0.)
and the timing marks.
LEFT SIDE TIMING MARKScajt.41
ENGINE
0 0 0
RIGHT SIDE
Draw an arrow on the engine below
showing the front of the engine.
Label the arrow front.
0
va,00o.h
4:4711.
0 0
0O 5d
ENGINE0 0
I
1:6
3
O 0 0
29
FRONT OF ENGINE
1.4i. uJI 4,
(4.-A 144.1. u41.0
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
2. Timing marks show the position of
the piston and crankshaft as the
piston moves up and down. The
timing marks are numbers showing
degrees. They are on a plate on
the front of the engine.
Draw an arrow on the engine below.
showing where the timing marks are
located on the engine. Label the
arrow timing-Marks. Draw a circle
around the timing mark "0" degrees.
O
0
O
25
1,rajo J.U1 cz. LIls me= y
Jaz,' v.:Lk/A.11 jCow.k0.1.11coLrlis,01 lotjamil 4.4.2 tjA
Lij i I aZub 42.1.s J..; r1-3 JI
odja..A tr.ls 1.1.,.i.' uis 34.14.J.11=11,1Mm I Mg 1
"Ij+kr tel.Z.41 kjja trIg
j.:.11 Lola
Jj. r.1"Jja"c..4.ya
ENGINE0510c
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
3. When the crankshaft turns, the
timing mark also turns. When we
'click" the key, the crankshaft
will turn. If the timing marks
are not lined-up correctly, we
have to the key
to turn the crankshaft.
4. When the piston is at the top
of the stroke, the timing mark
"0" degrees lines-up. We can
see if the piston is at the top
of the stroke by looking at the
marks.
5. We can see if the piston is at the
top of the stroke when the timing
mark number is
lined-up.
26
jja., r
"liras jjazc...,.3...tz.n
lai L.I 4044)...J1
IJIA C)I
44,3611,.A JjrAA
1411A IJAA 0,1g1 cole E01 "1.?ja j.letz izzncl.rj,,zji
IJAA i gri LI' LA Lkja
-A.4.16 uji
trio to.1.0.4...J1 01 eljaz 01 0
cl.qajzA 1.0,31.o.3.1.11 4.3 LAJZ.X .6,14.11
31
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
6. When the timing mark stops. at "0"
degrees, the piston will stop at
the top of the stroke. Which
drawing beloti.shows the piston at
the top of the stroke?
0510e
0
VW
A.
4W
01o=3
io=
7. The spark plug should fire when the
piston is at the top of the compression
stroke. The piston and crankshaft can
be moved to the correct position for
spark plug firing. We can do this
by "clicking" the .
27
74..jaJI-1,zaQ...3.1.1.11 1.011.aLi..1j.1. LA.1Lx 1
41 ..1.,,ail ,..1.61 triu...44.11.i.Ajx.. "j.il"
(7.61 citr.4.4.11 j*kilmo 11U.41 r.I.eJ.11 oril mj
ill jat.11
B. C.
WV
416
0
0
0=3-10=
WV
NEL
WV
V
A
"1,444 ,JJA.11 1....4 43,..11.z olviApit...M0,.. ... V
. .I.Lia.:.11 1.1.:. cris I Sr; 4.1...A.J1 (:),1. et..%
4.141kYal 4.>"A-11., v-04-&11 0.,-'-' 01 0.-00-'01 Cr*
. 7.,.....&11 ...v.t. ,321.1 j>1 0...r...1.-:...11 e.:..0.1
"al," ..,. seV1 145. 0.1.6.:. 01 UmILIA,t
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
8. The piston is at the top of the
stroke on both the compression
stroke and on the exhaust stroke.
When the spark plug is removed,
we can tell the compression stroke
because air will blow out of the
'spark plug when
the piston is coming up.
9. The spark plug should fire only
at the top of the compression
stroke. The compression stroke is
the stroke that has air blowing
out of the
hole.
10. Draw a spark at the spark plug in
the drawing below to show the
correct basic ignition timing.
28
Y4J4 Y4 114.11 W4A1 A
4.4 a.:./1 L.W.U..., c.AL.N.A.A I j J. Lia.41
4...)11 .4).2.11 lawAt ota ILIBiA I 0.11
V. crzt--e- ',a.J.AJI 1.86:%
Lrls )1 I
J.11..: 01 JJAJI
of trig! Lir/ -WU "Ij.j4
c,.5.1JI Jej4J1 JA IJ.A:
"LaJU sljklb
(03 J,JA larmt a:..; 1.)1J4 1.
(40A L.21 JLA421
t..,eaAAJI
AIRFUELMIXTURE
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
II. Basic ignition timing is correct
when the.
fires when the piston is at the
top of the stroke.
34
29
"L24.0.1.4, L.. Y i Jt...a111 Qv-11y..
Q.:...3.1b1 1.11
ANSWER SHEET - ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
1. a. intake b. compression
2. a. intake b. compression
3. a. compression b. closed.
4. compression
5. compression
6. spark, hole, air
ACTIVITY 2
1. down, turning
2. up, down
3. key
4. up, turning
5. up, down, crankshaft
6. click, key
7. key
ACTIVITY 3
c. power
c. power
d. exhaust
d. exhaust
3. click
4. timing
5. "0"
6. drawing C
7. key
8. hole
9. spark plug
10: spark plug "b"
11. spark plug, compression
35
30
S
EVALUATION
The pretest should be used for post test evaluation.
PERFORMANCE TEST
The teacher or the aide will also provide the following performance test
if time and facilities perinit:
Obtain an operating engine with number one spark plug removed.
The student will position piston number one at the top of the
compression stroke with 100% accuracy.
36
31
SUPPLEMENTARY PAGE
Books:
Auto Mechanics Fundamentals
Filmstrips:
Fundamentals of the GasolineEngine (filmstrip and cassette)
Auto ShopFordson High School Media
Center
Fordson High School MediaCenter
Kit 629.2, c. 5
37
32
s
Notes
38
0F S BILINGUALDEMONSTRATIONPROJECT
dtiAl 6,00i.0.4.; e li4
dwettui Am
AUTOMO ILE EN I E:FOU -ST KE CYCLE
3.J.,,Y.A;LJIcsJ,
,11.J=L-yt 1 04CA I sc.:A;
39
eABOUT THE PROJECT
The Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is designed to assist
recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to
adapt to a large and comprehensive high school. The project consists of
academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers
and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television
modules, staff development activities, and home - community liaison.
ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL 1441000LJLEES
The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional
areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined
by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-
sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and
usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were
translated, duplicated, and field tested.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University
and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked
in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.
The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined
as critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.
Icol,/-7DSpv
BILINGUAL
CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Special Assistance:
Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor
Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant
Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator
Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor
Wendy Sample - Graphics
Christine Rajda - Typist
Tahsine Bazzi - Translation
Demonstration Staff:
Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant
Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator
Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor
Jim Petrie - Facilitator
Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison
Issaaf Beydoun - Instructional Aide
III Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide
Karim Michael - Instructional Aide
Rihab Ahmad - Secretary
Dearborn Board of Education:
Agnes Dobronski.- President
Kathleen Walsh - Vice President
Mary Bugeia - Secretary
Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer
Administration:
Ronald Chapman - Trustee
David MacKenzie - Trustee
Ruth Sample - Trustee
Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent
Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services
Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development
Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School
Special Acknowledgement:
IIIThe interest, concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of
Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source
of strength and inspiration to us all.
41
Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced
except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author
or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.
This Project was supported by the United States Department of
Education.
The contents of this instructional module were developed under a
grant for the United Statei Department of Education. However,
those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that
agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal
Government.
42
AUTOMOBILE ENGINE
ENGINE OPERATION, FOUR-STROKE CYCLE
Developed By:
James E. Vick
and
Imad Fadlallah
43
C.
111This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English
proficiency students in learning the operation of the automobile engine
during the four-strokes of the operating cycle, and idenfifying the
various parts of the engine. This module is designed for students enrol-
led in automotive courses.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to explain the operation
of the automobile engine during the four-strokes
of the operating cycle and identify the parts of
the engine by scoring at least 75% on a written
test.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
The student will:
1. explain in writing and orally the operation of
the engine on the intake stroke, compression
stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.
2. identify the parts of the engine listed below:
pistoncylindercrankshaftconnecting rod
cylinder headvalvecamshafttiming gears
44
piston ringsrocker armvalve springpush rod
2
111.PRETEST _t.1
Which description (A-D) best describes
the parts of the engine listed (1-4).
PART I:
3
&AS a _ 0..,3Lailn 0 1.24
.E cr..
1. intake valve .1
2. exhaust valve1-4.0 T
3. piston Lr-s- .r
4. cylinder .E
A. round plug that slides lip and down
in the cylinder
J.,11
B. hole in cylinder block that contains
piston
C. valve through which fuel mixture urn 1,..1,..11
goes into the cylinder
D. valve through which burned fuel
passes on its way from cylinder
to exhaust manifold
Go on to next page.
45
rJL*JI
PRETEST (continued)
Which description best describes the
parts listed.
PART II:
1. combustion chamber
2. power stroke
3. compression stroke
4. stroke
A. distance piston moves when travel-
ing from TDC to BDC --Lyn%)
B. area above piston with piston on
top dead center
C. piston's movement used for trans-
mitting power of burning fuel
mixture to crankshaft.
D. piston's movement used for
compressing the fuel mixture
in the engine cylinder.
Go on to next page.
4
eloJA uric J.564..e 0.4ILL,..1...4,0j
.
01.).111
_ _ e,.JJI .
bt _x,.11 1.7t. .r
1_14 .E
LLAL..11 _
_ tx.1.1M aloi:J LTA ero L.4 .J1
-_ uo _ 110.1.J1
Ly..4.A.11
Jj.sAA uM jj4.341.13,4i. 6!..,;?1 Cre 1?.:iLL.11
crL,9".74.1 I
46
ail_e-JI ILL I IL.
PRESTEST (continued)
Select the correct answer.
PART III:
The order of the four strokes of the
cycle are:
A. exhaust, power, intake, compression
B. compression, exhaust, power, intake
C. intake, compression, power, exhaust
D. power, compression, intake, exhaust
2.
It takes revolution/s of
the crankshaft to complete one cycle.
A. 1
F1. 2
C. 4
D. 8
5
c.,1ALJI t.e I y,JI J I
t.Jt,.",JIJI
iaLej111 11.1.4,11 Le,Izjp:. 01
tg.A.X.JLS jib
UAL 1 4.2..11:1-:, 1
tz,11-i.L 1 1
I I
:a ,..b Uri:, I
qi4.74,.11 isj,ft, 01 1..).4.
JS, a> 1 j ij J LAS 1 /
3. r
The parts that keep the camshaft
rotating correctly with the
crankshaft are:
A. timing chains
B. timing gears
C. timing belts
D. all of the above
Go on to nextpage.
-
A
ijj...11 4,_U1 e6.111 01
: 4r° l'?-1A" qJJ'' OIJJJ
47
J-11J1
14.)al
61LX I ,,,S,1-6.11 JS
;Le-It-L:11 i.oJI L,Il di. I
PRETEST (continued)
PART IV: Fill in the blanks with the
correct words.
6
t1.71.11 11.41
1. These are the four strokes of thecycle.
A. The number 1 in the diagram above
is the stroke.
B. The number 2 in the diagram above
is the stroke.
AIRFUELMIXTURE
.,1l I I ji ail .6I I tea as*
1.5,4J jib 1 _ 1
C. The number 3 in the diagram above jib r c
is the stroke.
D. The number 4 in the diagram above
is the stroke.
Go on to next page.
48
jib 1 rij r.J.11 _
i_,J ,JI vim I
PRETEST (continued)
PART IV (continued)
Using diagram, answer the
following questions.
7
(&l..:1 e.,I,J1 s.)..J1
41.z.11 44A,"...11 f.....JJ1 J....11.1..1
Le-I t...:J1 1-11.11 4,-Lc .,.....1. I j
2. Study figure number 1:
piston is moving
valves are
, both
, spark
plug is , so this is
the stroke
Go on to next page.
AIRFUELMIXTURE
49
ls .
P41 ta-riluv.)-11 T
jj.t.0 LiLial I CLAW 0 " Lo-^if
J. J.:J1 I as 0.11 cJj..3
1.,JUIA 1,...A4A uJI,A..1
PRETEST (continued)
PART IV: (continued)
3. In the diagram above, figure
piston is moving , the
valve is
and the valve is
, so this is the
stroke.
4. In the diagram above, figure 3:
valve is
air fuel mixture is drawn into
cylinder, valve is
, so this is the
stroke.
Go on to next page
8
(I(AIRFUELMIXTURE
v:. l,4 t,m T ri, tri
A r L.Amo
yj yb
yj JI r Leo 1J;a53
JI Jo ..7.6 I .11
1,f4 1..%).11 r lj.1.0' y4
LJLa tri JI r L4
4,i)fi
LJLa yj yr Jr L4
A o.:11
50
1.,JL:J1 1,..i40 up-1Iva.!
-r
PRETEST (continued)
PART IV (continued)
Using diagram, answer the
following queitions
(e,.La.z1 &1J-11
9
both valves are piston is
moving , so this is the
stroke.
AIRFUELMIXTURE
u...4.11 ---....-----...- $S
Dal
JI
51
PRETEST ANSWER KEY
PART I
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
PART II
1. B
2. .03. D
4. A
PART III
1. C
2. B
3. D
PART IV
1. (A) power(B) exhaust(C) intake(D) compression
2. down, closed, firing, power3. up, exhaust, open, intake, closed, exhaust
4. intake, open, exhaust, closed, intake5. closed, up, compression
52
10
11
ID PRONUNCIATION KEY
/a/ as in Adam /m/ as in man
/X/ as in cake /n/ as in man
/e/ as in let /p/ as in Dr. Pepper
/e/ as in meet qu equals /kw/ as in guit
/i/ as in sit In as'in run
/3/ as in ice cream /s/ as in sun
/o/ as in hot /t/ as in ten
/57 as in Coke /v/ as in van
/u/ as in Seven Up /w/ as in woman
/5/ as in blue /x/ as i;:, extra
/b/ as in boy /y/ as in yet (sometimes /61 as
411in man
c equals /s/ as in cents (10t)y.)
/k/ as in cat /z/ as in zebra
/d/ as in day /sh/ as in shut
/f/ as in four /ch/ as in church
g equals /g/ as in 99 /ng/ as in sing.
/dz/ as in paRe/th/ (voiced) as in this
/h/ as in he./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing
j equals /dz/ as in jailoo equals /5/ as in food
/k/ as in kick /u/ as in good
/1/ as in Cola
53
LANGUAGE PA c.
1. block (brok)
main part of the engine containingcylinders
2. camshaft (kim' shift')
a shaft inthe engine used to openthe valve
3. camshaft gear (kieshift' ger)
gear that is used to drive camshaft;one part of the timing gear
4. combustion (Om bas' ch5n)
burning of the gasoline and airmixture
5. compression (kOm prish' rin)
squeezing gasoline and air tightly
together; this gives it more bowerwhen burned
6. connecting rod (0 nekt' ing rod)
connecting part between piston andcrankshaft
7. crankshaft (kringk shift')
to transfer the up and down move-ment of the piston to a circularmotion
8. crankshaft gear (kringk shift' ger)
gear mounted on front of crankshaftused to drive the crankshaft
9. cylinder (s71' In dEr)
round hole in the block that thepiston moves up and down In
12
t!J
.U.1.11 .:r
Q.t'..1.."6,..11 L7'
4.. t-SJI T
czjJ ai.mx
Q.LALSX r
Q,LALSM Jt. c 1j1.31 jAlakzz
--/1-1. I ."..)- Cr" Vb./
jljz>I E
I -rill., Cre):-n I
.6 ILiu:A 0
%Link, ylb
413.a.d I arbi
1
IALS
Q43..611 y
J
1.,....)41 J iS fa ta..11
4.11JM Jj..AA A
444jJAA a,,Ar.11 14.1.114 Jr
aj...r.11 1;;s ljlaV jaj
54
tri LS sill .1 tfrb
u_lx I L4 el
LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
10. cylinder head (sil' in der hed)
covers top of cylinder In many casesthe cylinder head contains the valves.
11. exhaust stroke (eg z6st strak)
4th movement of piston used to pushburned gases from cylinder
12. valve lifter
round piece ofthe camshaft
13. intake stroke
(valv lift e'r)
metal that rides on
(in' tik striik)
movement of the piston that pullsgasoline and air to cylinder
14. intake valve ( in' tik valv)
engine part that opens to letgasoline and air into cylinder
15. exhaust valve (eg zost valv)
part of the engine that opensto let burned gasoline and airout of the cylinder
16. four-stroke cycle (si'k'l)
The way that the engine runs. Twocomplete revolutions of crankshaftto fire each piston once. The fourstrokes are: intake, compression,power, exhaust
17. stroke (strok)
distance piston moves when travel-ing from the top of the cylinderto the bottom of .the cylinder
13
01.)
1.....,1,00.411
I
kris!Iv. j
I 1
.s..112.11 I
I jLAJI0.4
(0-41.1.11 eIJ IT
12.165.
ir
Lea-1.z y.:JI
I
IZ
W1.72.41.11
I .26.91 k.,11 1.'0_2
10
cz-iLLz elj.2.41.11 0,0 lAlmi
1L1 JA1A I cp... jj
11.5.2,11 ijja.0 _ 11y.S.J yzJI 1.1.1j1) ya
. cro 0,4-L-L' *LS ,rezjja es)-4,
1.)..1.1M ;ya 1.2..e.)11 11_0211
1.:4_0m-11 LT-161 LtaL-Ie
. L1 i L.,J1
55
LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)
18. timing gears (tim ing gerz)
the two gears attached to the cam-shaft and the crankshaft These
gears cause the camshaft to beturned by the crankshaft.
19. piston (pis' tan)
a round plug that slides up anddown in cylinder
20. piston ring (pis'tun ring)
a part that goes around the pistonto stop gasoline and air fromgoing between the piston and -cylinder
21. rocker arm (rOki-er)
arm used to direct upward motionof pushrod into a downward oropening motion of the valve
22. push rod (pdosh rad)
rod that connects valve lifter torocker arm Used on valve-in-
head installation.
23. valve spring. (vilv spring)
used to keep valves closed
14
jLIA (v.,' ) A
Ji...aJ '..*T441Zall cre...)41
la .c,L.L5.11 (ILL.'S) 446.i.).0
vibuewzMtriij....J1 16.1j,
Ji.I u-UI .L314.
lz,I,12..11
1.1.1a T.
.4" I ..?" I j tYSAJI cme-e
evz-s EIJ3 T1
EIJZI EIJ3
L.41; iSJ> .11 J1 1),A "..11 t.klA
56
ejail LI JJ TT
t17:1JL.. jaj, el j3
f1-14-11 Tr
La.a.11 1 L.L. )1 J.-az...,
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS:
correct
Page
1.
2.
Fill in the blanks with the
vocabulary. Refer to the Language
if necessary.
There are valves in a
four cylinder engine.
The fastens the piston
to the crankshaft.
3. The is the 4th movement
devoted to push out burned gases
from cylinder.
4. In the air fuel mixtureI 1
is drawing into the cylinder while
the is open.
5. The prevent the leak be-
tween the piston and the cylinder wall.
6. The contains the
cylinders.
7. The transfer the up
and down movement of the piston to
a circular notion.
8. In the stroke, the piston
is pushed down.
9. The is the distance that
the piston travels.
tlja 9.41
oLS I I lAbt
L. Leda
15
...6.1
A T44jjp-11
11.i.e1J)I JA
1.:.1,h...11 0.4 L3jjp,..1Jhz:J.)LiJI ajJa6.1
r..,*J1.5 .1_0.01 - E
"
57
op jjaz
I "6...1 I j 0,
sr 1
cl LL I 11
uLS.JI A y
.a.4.,LIJ :Sy (.0 44J...AZJI., IMJLIMA
JI A
J.L. 1 I
A
LI-21a,
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)
10. let the crankshaft
turn the camshaft.
11. The is used to direct
upward motion of pushrod into a
downward or opening motion of the
valve.
58
16
JI
tz. LSJI I
J.djazJ
J1 1..",* SJs JI e-aa El.);)
FL...a
I1
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2
FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET
1. (A) Study the drawing shownbelow. Remember the namesof the parts and where theyare located.
CYLINDER HEAD
suAi ji Lei.)
17
. Jr. LW! projJ, Le.) J I ( 1 )
411.*Ajljwie 0.0j eLJA JSZ.V.;
CYLINDER
PISTON RINGS
%).,L1...eI I Cr L3.1>
CONNECTING ROD
e.J.3
CRANKSHAFT
( el.t. I ) I
59
PISTON
oJz--e
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
(B) Label the parts of the enginedrawing below:
cylinder
cyl'nder head
piston rings
piston
crankshaft
connecting rod
18
. 41-......11 I..".....).. J1 .41...,..,....J1 thi
4
60
6
19
III STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
2. (A) Study the drawing shown below. LL.31 ,.III f....J.JI v.v.)! ( 1 ) T
Remember the names of theparts and where they arelocated.
(B) Look at these parts in yourauto shop.
ROCKER ARM
11. Lao-lt Ia.?) el,:,
.4.il,.. ,,,, el.....im 11.......1 _AI:.
1.1.4, we ekix .ah uJI _ALI (,...)
.c...1.)1.....11
VALVE
ti t-4
VALVE SPRING
1 l....0-11 uo LI.)
PUSHRODe.i4-11 el ,J
CAMSHAFTc.-,t....t.sii .3.,..t...
TIMING GEARS.a.,...i.,zli Q.L.:.......
61
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
2. (C) Label these parts of the engineon the drawing below:
timing gears
pushrod
rocker arm
valve
camshaft
valve spring
20
(.7.6 eloJA ea, (c.) r
: aLLJI
eia eljZ)
e' jai
rlao
Lilt
9
G2
12
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3
FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET
*Read this worksheet carefully and
do as you are told.
Write in the correct words in the blank
spaces.
Use correct spelling and write neatly.
A. Look at the picture on the next
page and write in the correct words
below.
21
ea* ijilel.L.4
I. I j 14...4.1.1 I I
ajyaM u.11 j.6.11
14-11.11-e Ul
1. When the crankshaft turns, the Ldj_Nz,. ,trLij..J1 ,jam,
piston moves and
the valve is open. os,s., "
The valve is
closed.
2. When the piston moves down, it
pulls and
into the cylinder.
3. This stroke of the cycle is call-
ed the stroke.
4. The job of the intake stroke is
to pull dno air into
the cylinder.
5. The stroke is
the first stroke of the four-
stroke cycle.
"JI
63
. 1L1j6...11
ze.j.pm v.. Ii4J1 las. _ r
JI
1j.1. 0I
. u.11 AIstaj
jj1 JI .10 jzs, 0
Zjja
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
All/ FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET
Intake Valve
22
1..54_11 ;1_45.0 l>..A40
Intake Stroke
-12,rt
64
Exhaust Valve
Piston
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
B. Look at the picture at the bottom of
the page and write the correct words
on the lines below.
1. When the crankshaft turns one more
one-half turn, the piston moves
and the intake valve
and the exhaust valve are both
2. Because the gasoline and air cannot
go out the valves, it is squeezed
in the cylinder above the
3. During the stroke, the
gasoline and air are compressed.
4. The piston moves up and both valves
are closed during the
stroke.
5. The stroke is the
second stroke of the four-stroke
cycle.
Intake Valve
Gasoline and Air
23
1.4 jjw.1 kjj41.11 Q41 sALI Ur.
4.:Lij.4A jja.., L. LS
0.15,0 Wa.p.z.1
Cm:r.:-.11 1,-6 tjj.> T
lab 01_1 80,..41-4.4.11 0.4
JI jj..i
12,-6 I A .12j4 r
11.5 cric UJI u"-tCm-n
JI k, 5 I 0 L. uweJi
up
3.1-1
jA JI 1.1..t o
Exhaust Valve
Piston
Compression Stroke16\ 1J,1
24
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
C. Look at the picture below and write eLLJI uA _
the correct words on the lines. ix
1. In this stroke, both the valves are 1LS .12.:JI . _
2. During the stroke, es,, A .12,,.z T
the is pushed down. . uA A
3. The of the piston
turns the ji
4. The power stroke is the bpi S _ E
stroke of the cycle. k.Aiail
5. During the stroke, c,1)- A o
the air-fuel mixture is 11.54-A
Power Stroke1.J.1
66
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
D. Look at the picture below and write
in the correct words.
1. When the crankshaft turns one-half
turn the piston moves
and the intake valve is
but the exhaust valve is
2. When the piston moves up, it pushed
burned and
out of
3. This stroke of the cycle is called
the stroke.
4. The job of the exhaust stroke is
to gases out of the
cylinder.
5. The exhaust stroke is the
of the four stroke cycle.
25
eLL..11 'aj).41.11 0,11 J
71,,.
)
.5,1a 1. L .o L.1
4.LL-i 0-611 uA...,..S.J1 T
JIB JI t;4.1
A U. L.,J1C.)
41jA r
JLA _ 1.54A 11,16) 01 E
uJItR°
a:,1 j13-11
67
j ji2J1 Joy.: o
da J11 .101 I 3 'aj j,111
Exhaust Stroke
eANSWER KEY
STUDENT ACTIVITY 1: STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 B:
1. 8
2. connecting rod
3. exhaust stroke4. intake stroke, intake valve5. rings
6. engine block7. crankshaft8. power9. stroke
10. timing chain11. rocker arm
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 B:
1. cylinder head2. piston rings3. connecting rod4. crankshaft
6. piston5. cylinder
STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 C:
7. rocker arm
8. valve spring9. pushrod
10. valve11. camshaft12. timing gears
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 A:
1. downward, intake exhaust2. air, fuel
3. intake4. fuel
5. intake
1. upward, closed2. piston3.. compression4. compression5. compression
.
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 C:
1. closed2. power, piston3. movement, crankshaft4. third
power, burned
STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 D:
1. upward, closed, open2. gasoline, air, cylinder3. exhaust4. push
5. fourth
68
26
EVALUATION
27
The pretest should be used for post-test evaluation.
The teacher can also elect to do evaluation during
a discussion activity. The main instruments for dis-
cussion will be projections of transparencies of the
engine diagrams in this module.
69
28
MATERIALS USED
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
LOCATION
Textbook:
"Auto Mechanics Fundamentals" Auto shop and Fordson Media
Center
Film:
"ABC's of Internal Combustion" Dearborn Public Schools Media
Center
Filmstrip:
"Engine Operation" 4 FS and Cassette Fordson Media Center
70