down to earth science from outer space applying nasa technologies and interagency collaborations to...
TRANSCRIPT
Down to Earth Science from Outer
Space
Applying NASA Technologies and Interagency Collaborations to Advance
Agricultural Science and Natural Resource Management
David R. Shaw, [email protected]
Early Remote Sensing Focus
Global Change
Global Weather
Atmospheric Models
Hazards
Bio-Geo-ChemicalCycling
GRI
Remote Sensing Today
PestManagement
NutrientManagement
Irrigation StressDetection
Crop Growth RegulationGRI
Convergence of Technologies Enabling New Applications Development
• Computing power
• Global positioning systems
• Geographic information systems
• Sensor systems
• Internet
• Costs of components
GRI
Challenges Facing Remote Sensing Applications
• Conversion of DATA into INFORMATION in TIME for it to do some good!
GRI
Challenges Facing Remote Sensing Applications
• Delivery time
• Education
• Industry development
• Economics
• Data management
• Mixed pixel issues
GRI
Challenges Facing Remote Sensing Applications
• Atmospheric, image collection issues
• Interactions with management practices
• Spatial resolution
• Temporal resolution
GRI
Success Story - Site-Specific Insect Management
• Correlate crop growth characteristics to remote sensing, insect ecology
• Directed scouting• Site-specific insecticide maps based on geo-
located insect populations
Evidence suggests that plant bugs attack early-season vibrant, healthy vegetation first.
Using imagery as a guide, a GPS-equipped applicator can spray only where needed.
Heteroptera: Miridae (Plant Bug)
Spatially-Variable Insecticide Applications
Less Healthy More Healthy
Follow-On Applications
• Stress detection• Crop growth regulators• Nematode/disease management• Weed management• Fertilizer applications
Forest Monitoring and Inventory
Development of a regionally scalable forest inventory/monitoring system based on satellite and aerial remote sensing systems
Utilize LIDAR and GIS for standing timber estimation
• Early Detection and Monitoring– Remote sensing
• New sensor technologies• New feature extraction techniques
– Modeling• Predict vulnerability for habitats• Predict rate of spread
– Assessment• Baseline condition, validate techniques• Monitor spread
Invasive Species Management
Eurasian Water Eurasian Water MilfoilMilfoil
HydrillaHydrilla
Giant SalviniaGiant Salvinia
A Comprehensive Threat Management Framework for a
Crop Biosecurity National Architecture
MSU GeoResources InstituteMSU GeoResources Institute
MSU Social Sciences Research CenterMSU Social Sciences Research Center
Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvania State University
USDA ARSUSDA ARS
US DOE National LaboratoriesUS DOE National Laboratories
Background• The Department of Homeland Security’s Science &
Technology Directorate (DHS/S&T) has directed Mississippi State University (MSU) to work in conjunction with the DOE National Laboratories in the conduct of an end-to-end systems study and technology readiness baselining for the problem of agricultural crop biosecurity (funding through NSF).
• The objectives of this eight-month study are to:– Recommend a framework through which the threat of a
particular agricultural pest can be assessed.– Develop a process through which DHS can assess the
readiness of our scientific understanding and technologies necessary for implementing the framework.
– Use Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) as a reference scenario to test the proposed framework.
Prior Success with Remote Sensing
• Sudden Death Syndrome in soybeans detected in MSU fields two weeks prior to visual symptoms.
• This early detection of plant stress is possible due to the fact that a plant’s cellular structure is the dominant factor in controlling leaf reflectance in the near infrared range. Often these cells become distressed (i.e., change reflectance) prior to any changes in the leaf in the visible portion of the spectrum.
Monitoring Off-Target Deposition
• Remote sensing tool to assess and quantify• Often not visible by
ground assessment• Temporal assessments
can aid in determining the impact of off-target events• Demonstrates crop
injury and subsequent recovery
ASD in Paraguay
• Collection protocol developed with USDA.
• Measurements taken over 3 month period.
• Data analysis underway.
Retrospective with US Incident
• Acquired Landsat, MODIS, ASTER imagery for dates prior to and subsequent to Hurricane Ivan.
• Using known locations of infection to conduct retrospective.
Landsat 7 ETM+ image of Brazil and Paraguay with an
enlarged area showing probable soybean fields.
Other Applications
Transportation – Corridor Mapping
Homeland SecurityCensus UpdatesState/Local Government Invasive species assessmentCoastal managementEconomic development –
visualization…….
Applying NASA Research Results for improving Crop Production Assessment
MODIS Rapid MODIS Rapid Response Response products products provide timely provide timely looks at crop looks at crop conditioncondition
TOPEX and JASON-1 products provide TOPEX and JASON-1 products provide lake level data in critical irrigated areaslake level data in critical irrigated areas
TRMM products provide TRMM products provide better data on available better data on available
waterwater
EOS products Productivity modeling (FAS) WAOB Estimates Policy/Resource Decisions
Jason
TRMM
March 2005