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Nouns are one of the four major word classes, along with verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Nouns are the largest word class.
The Noun. Number
ending examples
-age postage, language, sausage
-ance/-ence
insurance, importance, difference
-er/-or teacher, driver, actor
-hood childhood, motherhood, fatherhood
-ism socialism, capitalism, nationalism
-ist artist, optimist, pianist
The Noun. Number
It is not always possible to identify a noun by its form.
However, some word endings can show that the word is probably a noun.
The Noun. Number
A person
A thing
An animal
A place
An idea
A NOUNis a word that
identifies …
The Noun
A NOUN
countable uncountable
The Noun. Number
uncountablecountable
DollarSong
SuitcaseTable
BatteryBottle Report
TipJourney
JobView
MoneyMusic
LuggageFurnitureElectricity
WineInformation
AdviceTravelWork
Scenery
Would you like some coffee?
The Noun. Number
Is it countable or uncountable?
Would you like some coffee?
The Noun. Number
Is it countable or uncountable?
uncountable because it's referring to the drink in general
He ordered a coffee.
The Noun. Number
Is it countable or uncountable?
He ordered a coffee.
The Noun. Number
Is it countable or uncountable?
countable, because it's referring to a cup of coffee
The Noun. Number
Countable & Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns
COUNTABLE NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
A cat Cats
Plural Nouns Rules
To make regular nouns plural, add -s to the end.
A cat – cats
A house – houses
A day – days
Plural Nouns Rules
If the singular noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add -es to the end to make it plural.
A lunch – lunches
A tax – taxes
A match – matches
Plural Nouns Rules
If the noun ends with -f or -fe, the f is often changed to -vebefore adding the -s to form the plural version.
A wife – wivesA wolf – wolvesA shelf - shelves
A roof – roofsA belief – beliefs
A chef – chefsA chief – chiefs
A cuff - cuffs
If a singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the ending to -ies to make the noun plural.
Plural Nouns Rules
A city – citiesA puppy – puppies
If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s to make it plural.
A ray – raysA boy – boys
Plural Nouns Rules
If the singular noun ends in -o, add -es to make it plural.
A potato – potatoesA tomato – tomatoesA hero – heroesAn echo – echoesA mosquito – mosquitoes
A photo – photosA piano – pianos
A halo – halos
Plural Nouns Rules
A volcano
volcanoes
volcanos
With the unique word volcano, you can apply the standard pluralization for words that end in -o or not. It’s your choice!
Plural Nouns Rules
a man – mena woman – womena mouse – micea louse – licea foot – feeta tooth – teetha goose – geesean ox – oxena child – children
EXCEPTIONS!
Plural Nouns Rules
A person
persons
peopleShe’s a person I have a lot of respect for.
Any person or persons found in possession of illegal substances will be prosecuted.
I saw three people standing on the corner.
(a very formal word)
Plural Nouns Rules
Some nouns of Latin or Greek origin have kept their Latin or Greek plural endings.
a phenomenon – phenomena (criterion – criteria)a datum – dataa formula – formulaea genius – genii (cactus-cacti)a matrix – matrices a crisis – crises
Plural Nouns Rules
Identical forms for the Singular and the Plural:
a fish – two fisha deer – two deera sheep – two sheepa Swiss – two Swiss an offspring – two offspringa trout – two trouta salmon – two salmona species – two speciesa means – two meansa series – two seriesa crossroads – two crossroads
THESE NOUNS ARE COUNTABLE!
These species of birds are unknown. This species is unknown.
English Plural Invariable Nouns
Nouns that denote an indivisible pair of things are used in the plural and with a plural verb. Such nouns are often used with the phrase "a pair of".
ClothesThe police/ The police are coming.GoodsTraffic lightsSurroundingsLooksScissors, binoculars, etc. / Where are the binoculars?Jeans; trousers, pants, slacks;The rich, the poor, the blind, etc. / The poor are our main concern.
English Plural Invariable Nouns
English PLURAL Invariable Nouns
You cannot use:
1, 2, 3a/an, another (an+other)it, this, thatmuch, (a) littleis/does
You can use:
“0” article/the(some) otherthey, these, thosemany, (a) feware/do
English Singular Invariable Nouns
Research InformationAdviceMoneyNewsProgressWorkKnowledgeLuggage, baggage
EvidenceDamageFurniture TrafficTrouble (You are in trouble)AccommodationPaperWallpaperLuck (Good luck!)Fun (Have fun!)Weather
English Singular Invariable Nouns
English SINGULAR Invariable Nouns
You cannot use:
1, 2, 3a/an, another (an+other)they, these, thosemany, (a) feware/do
You can use:
“0” article/the(some) otherit, this, thatmuch, (a) littleis/does
Plural Nouns Rules
Where is my money? This money is mine. Money makes money. Money talks. Money is the root of all evil.
EXAMPLES
Plural Nouns Rules
Both Garner and The Cambridge Guide to English Usage explain that monies/moneys is usually used by legal or finance writers to talk about “individual sums” or “discrete sums” of money.
e.g. 5.3 An official receipt shall be issued in respect of all moneys received.
Money, Monies, or Moneys?
Plural Nouns Rules
We use singular forms when we talk about
1. an amount of money, a time period, distance, weight.
A hundred thousand dollars was paid for the painting (the total amount).Two years is a long time to be unemployed (period).10 kilometers is a long way to go (distance).Thirty kilos is too heavy to carry (weight).
Plural Nouns Rules
We use singular forms when we talk about
2. Illnesses: measles, mumps Mumps is a common childhood disease.
3. Sports, games: billiards, darts, dominoes, gymnastics, athletics.Billiards is his favourite game.
Plural Nouns Rules
We use singular forms when we talk about4. Subjects, branches of science: statistics, phonetics, mathematics, etc.
Compare:Statistics is a difficult subject. But: Your statistics are wrong. Statistics claim that women drive more carefully than men.Politics is always a dirty business. But: Your politics are different from mine.Phonetics is useful. But: His phonetics are getting better.Acoustics is a branch of physics. But: Acoustics in this room are awful.
How to Learn Nouns
Context is important!
I got out of bed, got the paper, got myself some breakfast, got some coffee, and began to get dressed and to get ready for work. I got in the car, got to the office, and got to work. I got a lot done, and still had time to get some money at the bank and get a sandwich at the deli for lunch.
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