Download - ACFT BASIC Jet & Turboprop Engines v1.1
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BASIC ACFT 3 / Jet & Turboprop engines 1
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JET & TURBOPROP ENGINESJET & TURBOPROP ENGINES
ACFT 3
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Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson objectivesLesson objectives
Explain the operating principle of a jet engine [2]
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
the jet engines [2]
List different types of jet engines [1]
Explain the operating principle of a turboprop
engine [2]
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
the turboprop engines [2]
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Jet engines
Different types of jet engines
Turboprop engines
Examples
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure
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Jet engine:
Intakes air
The air is then compressed
Fuel is injected and burned
Exhaust gas is directed backwards
Reaction force is created - THRUST
Jet enginesJet enginesIntroductionIntroduction
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Compressors Combustion
chamber
Turbines
Low pressurecompressor
High pressurecompressor
High pressureturbine
Low pressureturbine
SHAFTS
Jet enginesJet enginesMain partsMain parts
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Compressors Combustion
chamber
Turbines
Low pressurecompressor
High pressurecompressor
High pressureturbine
Low pressureturbine
SHAFTS
INDUCTIONCOMPRESSION
COMBUSTION
EXHAUST
Jet enginesJet enginesBasic principle of operationBasic principle of operation
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Engine start is achieved by:
External power turning the compressors
Fuel is added and ignitedGradually the amount of fuel is increased
until the compressors can run on its own
Engine shutdown is achieved by:
Cutting the fuel off
Jet enginesJet enginesStart / ShutdownStart / Shutdown
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The THRUST produced by a jet engine is
proportional to the mass of the air pushed
backward and its acceleration.
Temperature:
Cold weatherMore thrust
Warm weather
Less thrust
THRUST = M x (Ve Vi) per time
Altitude:
High altitudeLess thrust
Low altitude
More thrust
Speed:
High speed Less thrust
Low speed
More thrust
Jet enginesJet enginesFactors affecting thrustFactors affecting thrust
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Advantages:
Jet engines are fuel efficient at high altitudes
High power output allows construction of larger
aircraftHigh speeds give the potential for long range
flights
Smooth running system, low vibrations
High thrust to weight ratio (approx 4)
Small front cross-section (less drag)
Better mechanical efficiency
Higher reliability
Jet enginesJet enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages
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Disadvantages:
The thrust depends on the outside air
temperaturePower changes are slow to take effect
Jet engine requires a climb to be economical
Jet enginesJet enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages
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Jet engines
Different types of jet engines
Turboprop engines
Examples
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure
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RAM JET ENGINE
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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TWIN SHAFT JET ENGINE
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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JET ENGINE WITH AFTERBURNER
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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BY PASS JET ENGINE
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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TURBOFAN
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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Ram jet engine
Twin shaftjet engine
Jet engine with
afterburner
By-pass jet
engine
TURBOFAN
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines
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Jet engines
Different types of jet engines
Turboprop engines
Examples
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure
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Turboprop enginesTurboprop enginesBasic principle of operationBasic principle of operation
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Advantages:
As for the jet engine, and:Higher efficiency in dense air (lower levels)Shorter runwaysMinimum drag in case of engine failure
Disadvantages:
Propeller loose efficiency at high altitudesVibration levels are slightly higherEn-route weather discomfortSlow (older generation of turboprops)
Turboprop enginesTurboprop enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages
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Jet engines
Different types of jet engines
Turboprop engines
Examples
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure
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Boeing 747 400
Engine(s):4 Pratt & Whitney, TURBOFANSthrust 60 000 lb. (each)
Performance:
Max. speed 510 ktOperational ceiling FL450Range 7670 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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Boeing 737 300
Engine(s):
2 CFM, TURBOFANSthrust 20 000 lb. (each)
Performance:Max. speed 420 kt
Operational ceiling FL370Range 1600 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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Lear jet 25
Engine(s):
2 General Electric, JETSthrust 2950 lb. (each)
Performance:
Max. speed 450 ktOperational ceiling FL510Range 1500 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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DASH 8 400
Engine(s):
2 Pratt & Whitney4573 hp (each)
Propeller(s):6 blades
Performance:Max. speed 320 ktOperational ceiling FL250Range 1400 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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SAAB 2000
Engine(s):
2 Allison TURBOPROPS4152 hp (each)
Propeller(s):6 blades
Performance:Max. speed 368 ktOperational ceiling FL310Range 1200 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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C130 Hercules
Engine(s):
4 Allison TURBOPROPS3362 hp (each)
Propeller(s):4 blades constant speed
Performance:Max. speed 308 ktOperational ceiling FL300Range 1350 NM
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples
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Jet engines
Different types of jet engines
Turboprop engines
Examples
Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure
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The End
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Change Record
Edition Date Reason for change Slides affected
1.0 17. 09. 2004 Released issue All
1.1 01.03. 2006 CR0623: Change of master slide format All