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2nd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and 4th Generation District Heating Aalborg, 27-28 September 2016
An integrated gas grid model for upgraded biogas in future renewable energy system
Abid Rabbani SDU Life Cycle Engineering University of Southern Denmark
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Feasibility study on utilizing natural gas grid for upgraded biogas
– Are there any bottlenecks due to flow capacities of the gas
grid?
– Can the low pressure distribution grid be used only for raw
biogas and medium pressure grid for upgraded gas only?
– To what extent can these grids balance the supply and
demand?
– How much raw & upgraded biogas contribute to the
electricity, heat and transport demands?
– How much gas would be exported/ imported? And under
what operating conditions?
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The Funen Case
Adequate system size for analyses
Developed natural gas network
Could be replaced entirely by biomethane
Availability of feedstock
Modelling approach: An integrated grid model in “SIFRE” tool Balancing supply and demand for electricity, DH, Industrial process heat & transport sector
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Biogas Plants
10/3/2016 Abid Rabbani
DH Networks 80 bar pipeline 17 bar pipeline 4 bar pipeline
Bio-Methane Potential for Fyn
Feedstock Biogas production
(mio Nm3)
Manure 2 PJ 86
With Straw 5,7 PJ 214
No. of plants 10
Estimated size of plant
28 mio Nm3/y
Supply
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Funen gas demand
Data from NGF Nature Energy
00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,9
1
Jan
uar
y
Feb
ruar
y
Mar
ch
Ap
ril
May
Jun
e
July
Au
gu
st
Se
pte
mb
er
Oct
ob
er
No
vem
be
r
De
cem
be
r
PJ
Large Consumers Small Consumers
IPH Demand Color graduation: light to dark for % of total energy
Funen gas demand 5,62 PJ
Industrial demand 2,84 PJ
% of total 51%
Convertibility to el. 50-75 %
80 bar pipeline 17 bar pipeline 4 bar pipeline
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Compressed Biomethane Refilling stations
Transport Demand
Area CNG
stations
Annual Demand
(PJ)
Peak Load (MW)
West Fyn 2 0,38 36
North Fyn 1 0,19 18
Central Fyn 3 0,58 55
East Fyn 2 0,38 36
Southwest Fyn 3 0,58 55
Southeast Fyn 2 0,38 36
Total 13 2,5
LNG Terminal
Total 1 2,5 158
MR Stations CNG stations DH Networks 80 bar pipeline 17 bar pipeline 4 bar pipeline
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MR Stations CNG stations DH Networks 80 bar pipeline 17 bar pipeline 4 bar pipeline
West Fyn
North Fyn
East Fyn
Southwest Fyn
Central Fyn
Southeast Fyn
Total 6 units of supply and Demand
Each unit mainly consisting of 17 & 4 bar gas grid
All units connected to 80 bar transmission line
Different supply and demand characteristics
Localized gas grid of Funen
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Decentralized CHPs mode with H2 assisted upgrading
West Fyn
18 MWgas
7 MWe
31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
15 MWgas
43 MWe 2x18 MWgas
Supply units
Low pressure grid 4 bar
Demand units
Compressor
High pressure pipeline 80 bar
Medium pressure grid 17 bar
North Fyn
18 MWgas
7 MWe
31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
12 MWgas
43 MWe 18 MWgas
East Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
9 MWgas
2x43 MWe 2x18 MWgas
Southwest Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
40 MWgas
2x43 MWe 3x18 MWgas
Central Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
34 MWgas
2x43 MWe 3x18 MWgas
Southeast Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
27 MWgas
2x43 MWe 2x18 MWgas
150 MWgas
8 03 October 2016
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Local biogas CHPs and 1 Central CHP plant
Supply units
Low pressure grid 4 bar
Demand units
Compressor
High pressure pipeline 80 bar
Medium pressure grid 17 bar
West Fyn
18 MWgas
7 MWe
31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
15 MWgas
2x18 MWgas
North Fyn
18 MWgas
7 MWe
31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
12 MWgas
18 MWgas
East Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
9 MWgas
2x18 MWgas
Southwest Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
40 MWgas
3x18 MWgas
Central Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
34 MWgas
500 MWe 3x18 MWgas
Southeast Fyn
2x18 MWgas
2x7 MWe
2x31 MWgas
(@1 bar)
27 MWgas
2x18 MWgas
150 MWgas
9 03 October 2016
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Upgraded biogas
60% biogas upgraded
1% 61%
61%
100%
100%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
IPH DH EL CNG LNG
GW
h
Share of upgraded gas
Biomethane
Biogas
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
09-02-2050 09-02-205015:00
10-02-205006:00
10-02-205021:00
11-02-205012:00
12-02-205003:00
12-02-205018:00
Pro
du
ctio
n (
MW
)
CF-BG => CF-CHP-BGCF-BG => CF-IPH-BGCF-BG => CF-UP
CHP
IPH Boiler
Upgrading
53% 47%
CH4 upgrading Biogas H2
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• Medium pressure grid in stress during Centralized CHP production
Central Fyn East Fyn North Fyn SEast Fyn SWest Fyn West Fyn
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Central FynEast FynNorth FynSEast FynSWest FynWest FynM
Wh
x10
00
CH4 flows within areas
Decentralized Central CHP
0 10 20 30 40
Compression for LP injection
Compression for MP injection
Compression for HP injection
24%
46%
29%
MWh
Electricity consumption of compressors
• High consumption in MP grid ~ upgraded gas volume
• Different compression levels depending on the upgrading technology
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03 October 2016 12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0
Tota
l pre
ssu
re lo
ss
Min
imu
m P
ipel
ine
Pre
ssu
re (
bar
)
Gas demand (MW)
Maximum Biogas Capacity in low-pressure grid
Junction Pressure (P1) Bar Pressure at outlet (P2) Bar Total pressure loss (DP) %
33 MW Biomethane
(18 MW)
Pipeline characteristics
Material: PE Plastic
Diameter: 107 mm
Friction factor: 0,01
Length: 1 km
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Tota
l pre
ssu
re lo
ss
Min
imu
m P
ress
ure
(b
ar)
Gas demand (MW)
Minimum Biomethane pressures Junction Pressure (P1) Bar Pressure at outlet (P2) Bar Total pressure loss (DP) %
Pipeline characteristics
Material: Steel
Diameter: 312 mm
Friction factor: 0,015
Length: 20 km
(500 MW) CHP
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
IPH DH EL CNG LNG
100% 21% 24% 100% 100%
MW
h x
100
0
Energy in different sectors
Production
Demand
52% 30%
3% 15%
Primary Energy Supply
Biogas Electricity Compression Imported Gas
• Biomethane grid fully catering to Transport sector
• Though gas import is 15% in volume, import actually occurs 38% of time
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Concluding remarks
The system is capable of balancing the supply & demand majority of the time
60% of biogas is upgraded to biomethane
More strain is observed on MP biomethane grid
Improvements through: – Optimization of the storages to increase flexibility
of upgrading
&
– Operational strategies for compressors to minimize gas imports
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2nd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and
4th Generation District Heating, Aalborg, 27-28 September 2016
Thank you