Download - Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
1/20
Anatomy of BloodAnatomy of Blood
VesselsVesselsPhysiotherapy and OccupationalPhysiotherapy and Occupational
TherapyTherapyDr Sil WallachDr Sil Wallach
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
2/20
ObjectivesObjectives
This lecture should enable you toThis lecture should enable you to
Describe the basic structure of arteries,Describe the basic structure of arteries,
veins and capillariesveins and capillariesDescribe the 3 types of circulationDescribe the 3 types of circulation
Describe the major arteries and veins ofDescribe the major arteries and veins of
the bodythe body Know the main pulse pointsKnow the main pulse points
Describe the lymph systemDescribe the lymph system
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
3/20
Structure of Blood VesselsStructure of Blood Vessels
Tunica Intima
Endothelium: smooth lining
Tunica Media
Smooth muscle
Fibroelastic connective tissue
Tunica Adventitia
Connective tissue: protective, anchoring
Vasa vasorum: blood supply for vessel
3 layers
(tunics)
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
4/20
Arteries (1)Arteries (1)
Carry blood away from heartCarry blood away from heart
Thick layer of smooth muscle (tunica media)Thick layer of smooth muscle (tunica media)
Small lumenSmall lumen
Tunica
adventitia
Tunica
intima
Tunicamedia
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
5/20
Arteries (2)Arteries (2)
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
6/20
Types of arteryTypes of artery
ElasticElastic e.g. aorta (distribution)e.g. aorta (distribution)Tunica media contains elastin fibresTunica media contains elastin fibres expansion & recoilexpansion & recoil
MuscularMusculare.g. femoral (resistance)e.g. femoral (resistance)Tunica media contains much smooth muscleTunica media contains much smooth muscle
ArteriolesArterioles (resistance)(resistance)Diameter < 100m, TM contains much smooth muscleDiameter < 100m, TM contains much smooth muscle
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
7/20
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Initial damage to endothelial cells thought to cause
accumulation of LDLs, inflammatory cells and
smooth muscle plaques.
Atherosclerotic
plaque
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
8/20
Aortic aneurysmAortic aneurysm
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
9/20
Veins (1)Veins (1)
BigBig reservoirreservoir hold 64% blood in bodyhold 64% blood in body Collect blood and return to heart. Large lumenCollect blood and return to heart. Large lumen
Thinner wallsThinner walls blood at lower pressureblood at lower pressure
ValvesValves prevent backflow of bloodprevent backflow of blood
Tunica
adventitia
Tunica
intima
Tunica
media
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
10/20
Veins (2)Veins (2)
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
11/20
Varicose veinsVaricose veins
Due to incompetentDue to incompetent
valvesvalves
Blood flowsBlood flows
backwards, from deepbackwards, from deep
to superficial veinsto superficial veins
Vein wall distendedVein wall distended
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
12/20
Capillaries (1)Capillaries (1)
Exchange of OExchange of O22,,
nutrients, wastenutrients, waste
Need to beNeed to be thinthin
FlattenedFlattened endothelialendothelialcells on basementcells on basement
membranemembrane
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
13/20
Capillaries (2)Capillaries (2)
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
14/20
Types of capillaryTypes of capillary
Continuous e.g. skinContinuous e.g. skin
Fenestrated allowFenestrated allow
extensive exchangeextensive exchangewith blood e.g. gut,with blood e.g. gut,kidneyskidneys
SinusoidalSinusoidal littlelittlebarrier to exchangebarrier to exchangee.g livere.g liver
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
15/20
TYPES OF CIRCULATIONTYPES OF CIRCULATION
Systemic:Systemic: aroundaroundbody via arteries,body via arteries,capillaries and veinscapillaries and veins
Pulmonary:Pulmonary: lungslungs
Hepatic portal:Hepatic portal: bloodblood
from capillaries in GIfrom capillaries in GItract passes directlytract passes directlyto capillaries in liverto capillaries in liver
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
16/20
MAJOR ARTERIESMAJOR ARTERIES
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
17/20
PULSE POINTSPULSE POINTS
Places where arteriesPlaces where arteries
are near the skinare near the skin
surfacesurface
Pressing the arteryPressing the artery
against underlyingagainst underlying
bone / firm structurebone / firm structure
allows elastic recoil ofallows elastic recoil of
the artery to be feltthe artery to be felt
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
18/20
MAJOR VEINSMAJOR VEINS
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
19/20
LYMPH VESSELSLYMPH VESSELS
Drain tissue fluid backDrain tissue fluid back
towards venoustowards venous
systemsystem
Majority drain intoMajority drain into
thoracic ductthoracic duct
Lymph nodesLymph nodes allowallow
fluid to be cleansedfluid to be cleansed
-
8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton
20/20
SummarySummary
Structure and functionStructure and function
of arteries, veins andof arteries, veins and
capillariescapillaries
3 types of circulation:3 types of circulation:
SystemicSystemic
PulmonaryPulmonary
Hepatic portalHepatic portal
Major arteriesMajor arteries
Pulse pointsPulse points
Major veinsMajor veins
Lymph systemLymph system