Download - Applied ecology: forest pathogens
Applied Ecology, Forest Pathogens
Mike Jeger & Marco Pautasso* 23 Nov 2009
*marpauta at gmail.com
1. Phytophthora ramorum2. P. cinnamomi3. P. alni4. Armillaria spp5. Heterobasidion spp6. Cronartium ribicola7. Ophiostoma spp
Source: Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California at Riverside
Sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum)
Source: SOD Mapper (red: confirmed; orange: to be confirmed)
Sudden Oak Death in California (Oct 2009)
Source: www.suddenoakdeath.org
Phytophthora ramorum in Northern California
from: Rizzo et al. (2005) Annual Reviews of Phytopathology, Photo: Clive Brasier
Phytophthora ramorum eradication in Oregon
Spatial scale and Sudden Oak Death
from: Condeso & Meentemeyer (2007) Journal of Ecology and: Mascheretti et al. (2008) Molecular Ecology
Source: DEFRA
Phytophthora ramorum in England & Wales
Source: Harwood et al. (2010) Ecological Modelling
Phytophthora ramorum: epidemic simulation
Jarrah forest dieback in SW Australia due to Phytophthora cinnamomi
Source: CSIRO, Australia
Jarrah Forest Dieback
(Phytopthoracinnamomi), SW Australia
Source: Department of Conservation and Land
Management, Western Australia
Phytophthora cinnamomi in
Tasmania
Source: Department of Primary Industries and
Water, Tasmania, Australia
Dieback of Alnusincana, 2004,
Southwestern Rocky Mountains
From: Worrall (2009) Plant Disease
From: Adams et al. (2008) Plant Management Network
Phytophthora surveys
in Alaska (Alnus decline)
From: Duran et al. (2008) Plant Pathology
Pinus radiatamortality associated with Phytophthora pinifolia sp. nov.,
Chile
Distribution of trees and stumps colonized by Armillaria ostoyae at a campground in Colorado
Worrall et al. (2004) Forest Ecology and Management
Distri-bution of genets of
Armillariaspp in
forests of Tessin(CH)
Prospero et al. (2003)
New Phytologist
from: Bendel et al. (2007) Mycological Research
Armillaria/Heterobasidion in the Swiss National Park
Coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria, Blue Mountains, Oregon
Ferguson et al. (2003) Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Survey of Armillaria species in NY State
Bludgett and Worrall (1992) Plant Disease
Survey of Armillaria species in NY State
Bludgett and Worrall (1992) Plant Disease
Distribution of sites in New York State in which Armillaria was found (empty squares) and in which Armillariawas not found (black triangles)
Armillaria records in New Zealand
(A. limonea and A. novae-zelandiae)
Source: ENSIS Forest Biosecurity,
New Zealand
Distribution of Armillaria
species in Japan
Ota et al. (1998) Plant Disease
Global distribution of the Heterobasidionannosum complex (dark shaded areas)
From: Asiegbu et al. (2005) Molecular Plant Pathology
light shaded areas = H. araucariae;line drawing: H. insulare
Decay caused by Heterobasidion on the surface of an Abies sachalinensis stump (Japan)
From: Tokuda et al. (2007) Forest Pathology
Heterobasidion disease centre in a stand of Pinus sylvestris, thinned 40 years ago (Lithuania)
From: Lygis (2005) Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae
Soil risk map for Heterobasidion annosum, SE USA
Source: Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture
Tree infected by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola)
Source: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
Urediniospores of blister rust (Cronartiumribicola) on the lower side of a Ribes leaf
Source: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
Source: Canadian Government, Taskforce on Invasive Species
White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) surveys
Kearns & Jacobi (2007) Canadian Journal of Forest Research
White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) surveys
Kearns & Jacobi (2007) Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Surveys of Ribes, alternate host of Cronartium ribicola
Kearns et al. (2008) Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
A conceptual model of the interactions of whitebark pine at the treeline with blister rust
Tomback and Resler (2007) Physical Geography
Lifecycle of Dutch Elm Disease
From: Agrios (1988) Plant Pathology. 3rd ed.
China as the origin
of Dutch Elm Disease?
Brasier (1990) Plant Pathology
Quantitative epidemiology of Dutch Elm Disease
Gibbs (1978) Annual Review of Phytopathology
Distribution of subspp novo-ulmi and americana
Brasier & Kirk (2001) Mycological Research
Damage due to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Spain
Source: Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de MediAmbient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitage
Damage due to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Denmark
Source: Biopix, Denmark
Healthy elm trees in Princeton, New Jersey
Planted in the 1930's, these elm trees in Princeton, N.J., have not succumbed to Dutch elm disease. Source: NYTimes (2004)
ReferencesDehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Jeger MJ & Pautasso M (2010) Structural change in the international horticultural industry: some implications for plant health. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 1-15Harwood TD, Xu XM, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ & Shaw M (2009) Epidemiological risk assessment using linked network and grid based modelling: Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in the UK. Ecological Modelling 220: 3353-3361 Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M, Weisberg PJ & Lonsdale D (2004) Tree diseases and landscape processes: the challenge of landscape pathology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19, 8: 446-452Jeger MJ & Pautasso M (2008) Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology 122: 111-126Lonsdale D, Pautasso M & Holdenrieder O (2008) Wood-decaying fungi in the forest: conservation needs and management options. European Journal of Forest Research 127: 1-22 MacLeod A, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ & Haines-Young R (2010) Evolution of the international regulation of plant pests and challenges for future plant health. Food Security 2: 49-70 Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2009) Disease spread in small-size directed networks: epidemic threshold, correlation between links to and from nodes, and clustering. J Theor Biol 260: 402-411Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Xu XM, Holdenrieder O & Pautasso M (2011) Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries and continents. Phytopathology 101: 392-403Pautasso M (2009) Geographical genetics and the conservation of forest trees. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Systematics & Evolution 11: 157-189Pautasso M (2010) Worsening file-drawer problem in the abstracts of natural, medical and social science databases. Scientometrics 85: 193-202Pautasso M et al (2010) Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management. Biological Reviews 85: 729-755Pautasso M, Holdenrieder O & Stenlid J (2005) Susceptibility to fungal pathogens of forests differing in tree diversity. In: Forest Diversity and Function (Scherer-Lorenzen M, Koerner Ch & Schulze D, eds.). Ecol. Studies Vol. 176. Springer, Berlin, pp. 263-289 Pautasso M, Moslonka-Lefebvre M & Jeger MJ (2010) The number of links to and from the starting node as a predictor of epidemic size in small-size directed networks. Ecological Complexity 7: 424-432 Pautasso M, Xu XM, Jeger MJ, Harwood T, Moslonka-Lefebvre M & Pellis L (2010) Disease spread in small-size directed trade networks: the role of hierarchical categories. Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 1300-1309Xu XM, Harwood TD, Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2009) Spatio-temporal analysis of an invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) in England and Wales. Ecography 32: 504-516