Download - Biochemistry
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Regents Biology
Biochemistry Macromolecules!
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
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Regents Biology
Carbon & Organic Molecules Compounds that contain CARBON are
called organic.
Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell Carbon can form covalent bonds with as
many as 4 other atoms (elements) Usually with H, O, N, or C
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Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
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Regents Biology 2009-2010
Carbohydrates:OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
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Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
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Regents Biology
sucrose
Carbohydrates Function:
Quick energy Energy storage Structure
Cell walls Exoskeletons
Examples Simple sugars Starches/glycogen Cellulose/chitin
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
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Regents Biology
Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in
glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
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Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
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Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
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Regents Biology
Quick review: On your own1. What’s the chemical formula of
glucose?
2. Name one monosaccharide
3. Name one disaccharide
4. Name one polysaccharide
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Regents Biology
BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch
energy storage in plants potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles cellulose
structure in plants cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
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Regents Biology
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
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Regents Biology
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
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Regents Biology
Quick Review: With a partner What’s the difference between starch
and glycogen as far as humans are concerned?
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Regents Biology
Cellulose Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material
moving in your intestines
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Regents Biology
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
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Regents Biology
Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?
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Regents Biology
Quick write: On your own Why are carbohydrates necessary to
yours survival? 3 minutes to write 3-4 sentences.