Cardiovascular System Part 2: Heart Anatomy,
Circulation, & ECGGoals:
15.1Cardiovascular systemHeartPulmonary circuitPulmonary arteriesPulmonary veinsSystemic circuitAortaVena Cava
15.2PericardiumMyocardiumAtria (singular: atrium)Ventricles Valves
Semilunar Valves
Aortic Pulmona
ry Atrioventricular
Valves Tricuspid Bicuspid
Coronary artery
15.3Cardiac cycle
Systole Diastole Lubb Dupp
Pacemaker cells Sinoatrial
(SA) node Atrioventricu
lar (AV) nodePurkinje fibers
15.3 (continued)Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Depolarization Repolarization P-wave QRS Complex T-wave
15.1 Clinical ApplicationArrhythmia
Bradycardia Tachycardi
a Fibrillation
Label a heart diagram with the 4 chambers, 4 valves, and 4 major blood vessels. Draw the direction of blood flow through the heart.Label the nodes and Purkinje fibers on a heart diagramLabel the wave parts on an ECG.Evaluate an ECG for arrhythmias and identify the causeExplain how blood pressure is produced
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Myocardium= cardiac muscle tissuePericardium= tough fibrous sac around the heart
Heart Anatomy
Heart 4 chambers
2 atria Blood storage
2 ventricles 1 low-pressure pump
Goes to pulmonary circuit 1 high-pressure pump
Goes to systemic circuit
Left side separate from right side
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Heart
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Coronary Arteries: Supply blood to
the tissues of the heart
Circulation
Blood circulates in 2 loops Pulmonary circuit
To/from lungs Systemic circuit
To/from other tissues
Each side of the heart controls flow to either circuit
Circulation
Pulmonary Circuit: 1. R. atrium2. R. ventricle3. Pulmonary arteries4. Lung capillaries5. Pulmonary veins
Systemic Circuit:6. L. atrium7. L. ventricle8. Aorta9. Systemic arteries10. Organ & tissue capillaries11. Systemic veins12. Vena cavas
*know the order & draw it
Bonus Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=autoplay&list=PL774B76CBD01699A3&lf=rellist&playnext=2 (3.5min)
Cardiac CycleCardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat; 1 contraction & 1 relaxation
Systole= Ventricle contraction
Diastole= Ventricle relaxation
Changes in blood pressure opens/closes valves“Lubb-Dupp” sound produced by the closing of AV and semilunar valves respectively.
Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
12
Cardiac Cycle
Conduction System
Pacemaker cells= Spontaneously
produce action potentials
Intercalated discs spread depolarization
Conduction System
Pacemakers: Sinoatrial (SA) node:
initiates atrial contraction
Sends signal from location in the R. atrium through the left atrium
Atrioventricular (AV) node:
Located in the center The AV node sends
the signal down the purkinje fibers
Ventricles contract
15
Animation: Conducting System of the Heart
Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
Conduction System
ECG (aka EKG)
Electrocardiogram Evaluates
electrical events in the heart
ECG (aka EKG)
P-wave= atrial depolarizationQRS-complex= ventricular depolarization (w/atrial repolarization)
T-wave= ventricular repolarization
ECG
ECG (aka EKG)
Arrhythmia= Irregular heart
rhythms Pacemakers irregular Detectable by EKGs Ex)
Bradychardia – fewer beats/min than average
Tachychardia – many more beats/min than average
Ventricular fibrillation – haphazard contractions
ECG (aka EKG) More arrythmias:
http://www.rnceus.com/course_frame.asp?exam_id=16&directory=ekg
Atrial Fibrillation:http://www.usccardiology.org/patienteducation-electrophysiology-atrialfib.html
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure= pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel wallsNormal = 120/80 120: systolic
pressure; highest pressure
80: diastolic pressure; lowest pressure
Blood Pressure