Cardiovascular System Part 2: Heart Anatomy,

Circulation, & ECGGoals:

15.1Cardiovascular systemHeartPulmonary circuitPulmonary arteriesPulmonary veinsSystemic circuitAortaVena Cava

15.2PericardiumMyocardiumAtria (singular: atrium)Ventricles Valves

Semilunar Valves

Aortic Pulmona

ry Atrioventricular

Valves Tricuspid Bicuspid

Coronary artery

15.3Cardiac cycle

Systole Diastole Lubb Dupp

Pacemaker cells Sinoatrial

(SA) node Atrioventricu

lar (AV) nodePurkinje fibers

15.3 (continued)Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Depolarization Repolarization P-wave QRS Complex T-wave

15.1 Clinical ApplicationArrhythmia

Bradycardia Tachycardi

a Fibrillation

Label a heart diagram with the 4 chambers, 4 valves, and 4 major blood vessels. Draw the direction of blood flow through the heart.Label the nodes and Purkinje fibers on a heart diagramLabel the wave parts on an ECG.Evaluate an ECG for arrhythmias and identify the causeExplain how blood pressure is produced

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy

Myocardium= cardiac muscle tissuePericardium= tough fibrous sac around the heart

Heart Anatomy

Heart 4 chambers

2 atria Blood storage

2 ventricles 1 low-pressure pump

Goes to pulmonary circuit 1 high-pressure pump

Goes to systemic circuit

Left side separate from right side

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Heart

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy

Coronary Arteries: Supply blood to

the tissues of the heart

Circulation

Blood circulates in 2 loops Pulmonary circuit

To/from lungs Systemic circuit

To/from other tissues

Each side of the heart controls flow to either circuit

Circulation

Pulmonary Circuit: 1. R. atrium2. R. ventricle3. Pulmonary arteries4. Lung capillaries5. Pulmonary veins

Systemic Circuit:6. L. atrium7. L. ventricle8. Aorta9. Systemic arteries10. Organ & tissue capillaries11. Systemic veins12. Vena cavas

*know the order & draw it

Bonus Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=autoplay&list=PL774B76CBD01699A3&lf=rellist&playnext=2 (3.5min)

Cardiac CycleCardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat; 1 contraction & 1 relaxation

Systole= Ventricle contraction

Diastole= Ventricle relaxation

Changes in blood pressure opens/closes valves“Lubb-Dupp” sound produced by the closing of AV and semilunar valves respectively.

Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

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Cardiac Cycle

Conduction System

Pacemaker cells= Spontaneously

produce action potentials

Intercalated discs spread depolarization

Conduction System

Pacemakers: Sinoatrial (SA) node:

initiates atrial contraction

Sends signal from location in the R. atrium through the left atrium

Atrioventricular (AV) node:

Located in the center The AV node sends

the signal down the purkinje fibers

Ventricles contract

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Animation: Conducting System of the Heart

Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

Conduction System

ECG (aka EKG)

Electrocardiogram Evaluates

electrical events in the heart

ECG (aka EKG)

P-wave= atrial depolarizationQRS-complex= ventricular depolarization (w/atrial repolarization)

T-wave= ventricular repolarization

ECG

ECG (aka EKG)

Arrhythmia= Irregular heart

rhythms Pacemakers irregular Detectable by EKGs Ex)

Bradychardia – fewer beats/min than average

Tachychardia – many more beats/min than average

Ventricular fibrillation – haphazard contractions

ECG (aka EKG) More arrythmias:

http://www.rnceus.com/course_frame.asp?exam_id=16&directory=ekg

Atrial Fibrillation:http://www.usccardiology.org/patienteducation-electrophysiology-atrialfib.html

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure= pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel wallsNormal = 120/80 120: systolic

pressure; highest pressure

80: diastolic pressure; lowest pressure

Blood Pressure