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Challenges and Policy Issues
of Sustainable Development of Energy Sector in
Iran
Aug. 2012
Sharif Energy Research Inst. – SERI
Sharif University of Technology
National Iranian Oil Company
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Table of Content
1. Introduction
2. Problems of Energy Sector in Iran
3. Energy Management & Diversification
4. Policy Issue
5. Challenges of Energy Studies
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Introduction
1. What are major energy issues in Iran?
2. What are challenges of Sustainable
development of energy sector?
3. What are the ways for improving the role of
scientific community in the process of
decision making?
4. How could the research contribute to
improved decision making?
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1. Energy Balances
2. Dependency of Economy on Oil Revenue
3. Energy-Environment Interaction
4. Energy –Development Interaction
5. Energy Resources
Energy Problems
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Energy Problems
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Year 2010
1. Final Energy 1215 MBOE
2. Primary Energy 1766 MBOE
3. Oil & Gas Subsidy 60 Billion US$
Energy Problems
Energy Balance
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1. Share of Oil in Export > 80%
2. Share of Oil in Public Budget > 50%
3. Share of Oil in GDP 11%
Energy Problems
Economic Dependence
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1. Local Environment
Water - Oil & Gas Upstream
Soil - Degradation & Salt Content
Air - Air Pollution in Large Cities
2. Global
CO2 & GWP > 1400 Mt/a
GWP per Capita 21 t/Cap/a
Energy Problems
Energy - Environment
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1. Energy Requirement
2. Energy Subsidization
Policy of Removal of Subsidization
Increased Rate of Foreign Exchange
Persistence of Energy Subsidization
3. Impact of Changes in World Energy Market
4. Import of Capital & Consumer Goods
Energy Problems
Energy - Development
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Energy Problems Potentials of Economic Development
Conceptual Model of Energy Balance
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Extraction
Crude Oil
Other Renewable
Coal
Nat. Gas
Solar
Nuclear
Hydro
Biomass
D
Coal Processing
Gas Processing
Hydro Power
Nuclear Fuel Fab.
Biomass Processing
Thermal Power Plant
Renewable Power Plant
Pet. Prod.
Biomass
Coal
District Heating1
Electricity
Natural Gas
Storage
Injection
Storage
Nuclear Power Plant
Solar Conversion
Transmission
Pet. Prod. Transport
Import(Prim.)
Export
R C Oil Refinery
Primary
Transport Processing
Conversion
Distribution
Transport
End User
Useful Energy
Import(Proc.)
Import(Elec.)
Feed
Losses
Hydrogen Production
FC Power Plant
Network Feed
Hydrogen
Urban Household
Rural Household
Industry
Transport
Agriculture
Commercial
Nat. Gas Transport
H2 Transport
P
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Energy Problems Potentials of Economic Development
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1995 2010 2025 2040
Mill
ion
Ria
ls/C
apit
a/a
Year
Historical
BAU
LOW
BASE
HIGH
Per Capital GDP
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Energy Problems Potentials of Economic Development
Per Capita Useful Energy Requirement
0
50
100
150
200
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
GJ/
Pe
rso
n
Year
Trend of Useful Energy Demand per Capita
BAU
LOW
BASE
HIGH
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Energy Problems Potentials of Economic Development
Useful Energy Intensity
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
kJ/R
ials
13
76
Year
Trend of Useful Energy Intensity
BAU
LOW
BASE
HIGH
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Energy Resource
1. Oil & Gas
Reserves: 361.7 Billions BOE
Production: 3.05 Billions BOE/Year
R/P Ratio > 100 Years
2. Solar 300 GW
Potentials 290 Millions BOE/a
3. Hydro Power 16 GW
4. Wind 2 GW
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Energy Management
1. Goals & Development Plans
2. Potentials of Energy Management
3. Diversification of Primary Energy
4. Environmental Protection
5. Institutions for Energy Services
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Policy Issues
1. Reducing Dependency on Oil Revenue
2. Energy Market & Deregulation
3. Management of Resources
4. Development of New Energy Technologies
5. Improving Decision Making
6. Role of Sustainable Energy Zones
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Challenges
Energy Studies
1. Analysis of Issues with wide Impacts
Complex
Interdisciplinary
Short & Long Term
Economical, Social & Political
2. Supporting Decision Making
3. Developing Potentials for Research
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Challenges
Energy Research
1. Database for Decision Making
Complications
Impact
Identification of Measures
Sustainable Development
2. Required Activities
Identification and Formulation
Validation through Case Studies
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Location: Persian Gulf
Area: 18 km2
Production of Oil: 100000 bl/d
Production of Gas: 3000000 m3/d
Production Start Date: 1977
Energy Potentials
Oil & Gas
Solar
Wind
Wave
SIRRI Island
Case Study
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Camp
Site
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Energy-Environment
SIRRI
Methodology Energy Management System
ISO 50001
PDCA Cycle
Energy Analysis
Reference Energy System
Environmental Flow Diagram
Energy Balances
Policy Formulation
Problem Tree
Goal Tree
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Model of
Energy-Environment
Integrated System of Modules
Energy-Environment Optimization
Model Concept
• Reference Energy System
• Environmental Flow Diagram
Objective
Economically Feasible
Environmentally Compatible
Socially Acceptable
ESM
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Phd Research Work
Mr. Rezaeian
Critical Review of Literature
• Policy Issues – Integrated Energy-Environment System
• Methodologies and Analytical Tools
Further Development of ESM
Objective Function
Life Cycle Analysis
Social-Economical-Security-Environmental Constraints
Application of ESM at SIRRI