![Page 1: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crowdsourcing projects and undergraduate educa2on
While we’re ge7ng started: • Have you ever par2cipated in a crowdsourced project? (e.g. voluntarily tagged, described, transcribed images, documents or other media)
• What did you enjoy about it?
• Were you mo2vated to con2nue? Why/why not?
![Page 2: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Crowdsourcing projects and undergraduate educa2on
Mia Ridge, Open University @mia_out hJp://openobjects.org.uk
NITLE Shared Academics 8 May 2013
![Page 3: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
• Defini2ons • Example crowdsourcing, ci2zen science and ci2zen history projects + discussion
• Mo2va2ons for par2cipa2on, levels of engagement, ethics + discussion
• Discussion: applying what you’ve learnt to undergraduate teaching
![Page 4: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who am I?
hJp://bit.ly/13JqWpr Tool from hJp://neatline.org/
![Page 5: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Over to you...
• Have you ever par2cipated in a crowdsourced project? What did you enjoy about it?
• Has you set crowdsourced tasks (like transcrip2on or tagging) for their students? Any 2ps to share?
• Let me know if you have a poten2al crowdsourcing project in mind
![Page 7: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is crowdsourcing?
Crowdsourcing (Jeff Howe and Mark Robinson, Wired, 2006):
‘the act of a company or ins2tu2on taking a func2on once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call’
• Or, 'the spare processing power of millions of human brains'
![Page 8: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
'A thousand readers are wanted, and confidently asked for'
hJp://blog.oxforddic2onaries.com/2013/02/james-‐murray/
![Page 9: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ci2zen science, ci2zen history, and other par2cipatory projects
• Ci2zen science: ‘the engagement of non-‐professionals in scien2fic inves2ga2ons’
• Ci2zen history: as above • Humani2es crowdsourcing: ‘leveraging public par2cipa2on in or contribu2ons to projects and ac2vi2es’
• All poten2ally a form of engagement that contributes towards a shared, significant goal or research ques2on by asking the public to undertake tasks that cannot be done automa2cally
![Page 10: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
...and related terms
• Niche-‐sourcing • Community-‐sourcing • Micro-‐volunteering
• User-‐generated content • Human computa2on • Collec2ve intelligence • The wisdom of crowds
![Page 11: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Examples
![Page 12: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Na2onal Library of Australia: Trove
hJp://trove.nla.gov.au/
![Page 13: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FamilySearch
2012 Sta2s2cs Total records indexed: 534,108,416 Total records arbitrated: 263,254,447 Total volunteers contribu2ng: 348,796 Total es2mated hours contributed: 12,764,859
On “5 Million Name Fame” event day, July 2012: Indexed Records: 7,258,151 Arbitrated Records: 3,082,728 Total Records Worked: 10,340,879 Volunteers par2cipa2ng: 46,091. hJps://familysearch.org
![Page 14: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Digitalkoot
Less than two years, almost 110,000 par2cipants completed over 8 million word fixing tasks
hJp://www.digitalkoot.fi/
![Page 15: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Transcribe Bentham
hJp://www.transcribe-‐bentham.da.ulcc.ac.uk/
![Page 16: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Snapshot Serenge2
hJp://blog.zooniverse.org/2012/12/11/snapshot-‐serenge2/
![Page 17: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bri2sh Library Georeferencer
hJp://www.bl.uk/maps/ 'Georeferencer: Crowdsourced Georeferencing for Map Library Collec2ons'
![Page 18: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NYPL 'What's on the Menu?'
hJp://menus.nypl.org/
![Page 19: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ancient Lives
hJp://ancientlives.org/
![Page 20: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Old Weather
hJp://oldweather.org/
![Page 21: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
From transcribing logs to mari2me history
![Page 22: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Over to you...
• Which examples did you like, and why?
![Page 23: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of content
• Links between content (rela2onships)
• Ra2ngs/Votes • Tags • Correc2ons • Transcrip2ons • Descrip2ons • Spa2al coordinates
Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/twm_news/5715279337/
![Page 24: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of content
• Images, mul2media • Game levels
• Research • Item iden2fica2on
• Family records • Objects, documents • Personal experiences,
memories
Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/twm_news/5715279337/
![Page 25: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Typical tasks in crowdsourcing
• Tagging (subjec2ve, personal, factual)
• Transcribing (including OCR correc2on)
• Modera2ng (debunking, flagging for review)
• Wri2ng personal stories or memories
• Linking, rela2onships • Sta2ng preferences • Categorising • Geo-‐loca2ng • Crea2ve responses
UW Digital Collec2ons hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/uw_digital_images/4498023042/
![Page 26: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Over to you...
• Which of those tasks might be suitable for your students? Why?
• What other tasks could they help with?
• Looking ahead, how could you help your students move between levels of engagement?
![Page 27: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Who par2cipates in crowdsourcing?
UW Digital Collec2ons hJp://www.flickr.com/photos/uw_digital_images/4476958262/
![Page 28: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Super-‐contributors and drive-‐bys
‘16,400 liJle boxes – one for each person who’s contributed to oldWeather. The area of each box is propor2onal to the number of pages transcribed, between us all we’ve done 1,090,745 pages.’ hJp://blog.oldweather.org/2012/09/05/theres-‐a-‐green-‐one-‐and-‐a-‐pink-‐one-‐and-‐a-‐blue-‐one-‐and-‐a-‐yellow-‐one/
![Page 29: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mo2va2ons for par2cipa2on
Powerhouse Museum Collec2on hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2633069104/
![Page 30: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mo2va2ons for par2cipa2on
• Altruis2c – helping to provide an accurate record of local history
• Intrinsic – reading 18thC handwri2ng is an enjoyable puzzle
• Extrinsic – an academic collec2ng a quote from a primary source
![Page 31: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Extrinsic mo2va2ons
hJp://gwap.com
![Page 32: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Altruism
hJp://helpfromhome.org/
![Page 33: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Intrinsic mo2va2ons
• fun • the pleasure in doing hobbies
• the enjoyment in learning
• mastering new skills, prac2cing exis2ng skills
• recogni2on • community • passion for the subject
State Library of Queensland, Australia hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3198305152/
![Page 34: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Intrinsic mo2va2ons
People crave: • sa2sfying work to do • the experience of being
good at something • 2me spent with people
we like • the chance to be a part
of something bigger (Jane McGonigal, 2009, on
'museums as happiness engines')
State Library of New South Wales collec2on hJps://secure.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryofnsw/2880982738/
![Page 35: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Over to you...
• What impact does mo2va2on have on undergraduate par2cipa2on?
• Does it maJer if student par2cipants are externally mo2vated or is it more important to give them a chance to be engaged?
![Page 36: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Engagement
1. 'aJending' 2. 'par2cipa2ng' 3. 'deciding' 4. 'producing‘
Department for Culture Media and Sport 'Culture and Sport Evidence’, 2011
The U.S. Na2onal Archives hJp://www.flickr.com/photos/usna2onalarchives/3678706327/
![Page 37: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
'Levels of Engagement' in ci2zen science
• Level 1: par2cipa2ng in simple classifica2on tasks
• Level 2: par2cipa2ng in community discussion
• Level 3: 'working independently on self-‐iden2fied research projects’
(Raddick et al, 2009)
State Library of Queensland, Australia hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/4603281578/
![Page 38: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
FamilySearch ‘stepping stones’
• Indexing as ‘introductory, family history educa2on’ including: – Knowledge about Record Types – Genealogical Informa2on – Handwri2ng Prac2ce
• From indexing, can move to ‘arbitra2on’ – Invited aver transcribing 2,000 records if 94% accuracy or higher
• Or onto your own family history research
![Page 39: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Par2cipatory project models
Contributory the public contributes data to a project designed by the organisa2on
Collabora2ve both ac2ve partners, but lead by organisa2on
Co-‐crea2ve all partners define goals together
Center for Advancement of Informal Science Educa2on (CAISE)
![Page 40: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Who really has agency?
"I par2cipate, you par2cipate, he par2cipates, we par2cipate, you par2cipate...they profit.“ (1968) Via A Ladder of Ci,zen Par,cipa,on -‐ Sherry R Arnstein
![Page 41: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The ethics of crowdsourcing
hJp://xkcd.com/1060
![Page 42: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sharing credit
![Page 43: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Over to you...
• What are the challenges of collabora2on, credit, aJribu2on in scholarly crowdsourcing, and how might you start to solve them?
• Are there any ethical issues for undergraduate par2cipa2on in crowdsourcing?
• What kinds of real, authen2c tasks could you assign to improve knowledge of culture, global engagement and apply learning?
![Page 44: Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, · Crowdsourcing,projects,and, undergraduate,educaon, While,we’re,geng,started:, • Have,you,ever,par2cipated,in,acrowdsourced,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060408/5f0ff4ef7e708231d446ba07/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Thank you!
Mia Ridge Open University hJp://openobjects.org.uk
@mia_out The Library of Congress hJps://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2179923364/