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European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies
Associat ion of Cl inical Biochemists in Ireland
Austr ian Society of Cl inical Chemistry
Belgian Society of Cl inical Chemistry
Czechoslovakian Society for Clinical Biochemistry
German Society of Cl inical Chemistry
French Society for Cl inical Pathology
Hungar ian Society of Clinical Pathology
Israel Society for Cl in ical Biochemistry
Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry
Luxembourg Society of Clinical Biology
Netherlands Society for Clinical Chemistry
Polish Society for Laboratory Diagnostics
Spanish Society for Clinical Chemistry
Swiss Society for Clinical Chemistry
Yugoslav Associat ion of Medical Biochemistry
c L/ ilea ' Editor in Chief Johannes Büttner, Hannover
Editors
Vic Blaton, Brugge
Eitan Bogin, Tel Aviv
Claude Bohuon, Vi l lejui f
Paul Brombacher , Heer len
Wolfgang Gerok, Fre iburg
Helmut Grei l ing, Aachen
Managing Editor Friedrich Körber, Berlin
3o s i
Walter G. Guder, München
Erich Kaiser, Wien
Joachim Kalden, Erlangen
John A. Lott, Columbus
Gianni Messer i , Firenze
Walter Riesen, St. Gallen
- 7 - 3 & O
Co-ordinator for IFCC Recommendations John H. M. Souverijn, Leiden
Advisory Board
Stefan Angie lsk i , Gdansk
Claude Bachmann, Lausanne
Bert G. Bl i jenberg, Rot terdam
Hans-Jörg Gibitz, Salzburg
Raimundo Goberna Ort iz, Sevi l la
Anders Grubb, Lund
Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, Marburg
Rene Louis Humbel , Luxembourg
Klaus Jung, Ber l in
Reinhard Kat termann, Mannhe im
Eckart Köttgen, Berl in
Wolf-Rüdiger Külpmann, Hannover
Kornel is Miedema, Zwol le
Kiyoshi Miyai , Osaka
Gerard Siest, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
Ana Stavl jenic, Zagreb
Wolfgang Stein, Hamburg
Pierre Valdiguie, Toulouse
Reijo Vihko, Oulu
Dietrich J. Vonderschmitt , Zür ich
Jan van Wersch, Heerlen
Volume 30, 1992
W D E
G Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York
U m v e r s i t a t s -Bibii-nhek München
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Gj WALTER DE GRUYTER • BERLIN • NEW YORK
Contents The Abstracts of the Tryp tophan-Mee t ing have a special paginat ion: A 1—A 23. A u t h o r s and subjects are included in the cor responding Genera l Index section. T h e Abst rac ts follow page 170.
Editorial European Journal of Clinical Chemis t ry and Clinical Biochemistry
To our Authors , Readers and Subscribe 1
Editorial Comment F. Körber and J. Büttner
" P a r a m e t e r " 245
Reviews F. M . J. Ca r ree r
T h e Cj inh ib i tor deficiency 793
M a r g o P. C o h e n Perspect ive: M e a s u r e m e n t of circulating glycated pro te ins to moni to r intermediate- term changes in glycaemic control 851
K. M. Abu-Salah Al tera t ion of the permeabil i ty of the h u m a n erythrocyte m e m b r a n e to cations by l iposome-incorporated amphotericin B 737
Abdul Salam Al-Kassab and Tarek M. S. Mala tan i
T h e pa t tern of serum biochemical ab normali t ies in pat ients with galls tones 21
Beatrice Alpha , Lorna Cox, N . Crowther , Penelope M. S. Clark and C. N . Hales
Sensitive amplified immunoenzymo-metric assays (I EM A) for h u m a n insulin and intact proinsulin 27
Ch. Aufricht, W. Tenner, H. R. Salzer, A. E. Khoss , Elisabeth Wurs t and K. Herkner
Salivary IgA concent ra t ion is influenced by the saliva collection method
81
M. Aviram, Bianca F u h r m a n n , Irit M a o r and G. J. Brook
Serotonin increases mac rophage uptake of oxidized low density l ipoprotein 55
T. Bacarese-Hamil ton, R. Cat t in i , Colin Shandley, Clive H o w a r d , R. Palmer and K. M c F a r t h i n g
A fully automated enzyme i m m u n o assay for the measurement of Cortisol in biological fluids 531
B. G. Blijenberg, E. C. Liesting and L. Z w a n g
Creat inine and au tomat i c analysers in relation to icteric specimens 779
F. Boege, F. Gieseler, H . Biersack and P. Meyer
The measurement of nuclear topoiso-merase II inhibit ion in vitro: A possible tool for detecting resistence on a
Original papers subcellular level in haematopoie t i c malignancies 63
Bärbel Boßmann und H. J. Hütter Beeinflussung m e m b r a n g e b u n d e n e r Enzymaktivitäten durch Veränderung der Membran l ip idzusammense tzung Modif icat ion of m e m b r a n e lipid c o m posi t ion by lipophilic agents , and its effect on the activity of m e m b r a n e -bound enzymes (in German) 381
G. Bruchelt , G. Fieri beck, Ursula Schiebel, O. Bogenschütz, G. Rassner and D . N i e t h a m m e r
Dete rmina t ion of 2 ' -5 ' -ol igoadenylate synthetase in serum and per ipheral b lood mononuc lea r cells before a n d after subcu taneous applicat ion of recombinan t interferon beta and g a m m a 521
J. Büttner T h e origin of clinical labora tor ies
585
C. Calvo and Cecilia Verdugo Associat ion in vivo of glycated apol i -prote in A-I with high densi ty l ipoproteins 3
M . C a s t r o - G a g o , F. Camina , S. Lojo, S. Rodriguez-Segade and A. Rodr iguez-N u n e z
Concen t ra t ion of pur ine nucleotides a n d pur ine and pyrimidine bases in cerebrospinal fluid of neurologically heal thy children
J. R. Delanghe , M . L. D e Buyzere, L. P. Cluyse, H . M. Thierens and D. L. Clement
Acute myocardia l infarction size and myoglobin release into serum 823
A. Dwenger , M o n i k a Funck , Bri t ta Lueken, Ge r t r aud Schweitzer and U. L e h m a n n
Effect of ascorbic acid on neu t rophi l functions and hypoxan th ine /xan th ine
oxidase-genera ted , oxygen-derived radicals 187
U. F e l d m a n n R o b u s t bivar iate errors-in-variables regression and outlier detection 405
F. da Fonseca-Wollheim Ul t raf i l t ra te analysis confirms the specificity of the selected method for p lasma a m m o n i a determinat ion 15
F. da Fonseca-Wollheim, K.-G. Heinze and E. Liss
Tempera tu re -dependen t matrix effect in the direct enzymatic measurement of b lood glucose 371
Dusica Gabrijelcic, Branka Svetic, D . Spaic , J. Skrk , M . Budihna, I. Dolenc, Tat jana Popov ic , V. Cotic and V. Turk
Ca theps ins B, H and L in h u m a n breas t ca rc inoma 69
R. G a l a r d , R. Cata lan , J. Montalbän, A. Mol ins , F. Miquel and J. M. Castel-l anos
N e u r o k i n i n concent ra t ions in CSF. A pre l iminary study in Parkinson's disease 281
J. Geisel, T. Schleifenbaum, K. Oette and B. Weißhaar
Famil ia l defective apol ipoprotein B-100 in 12 subjects and their k indred 729
A. L. Gerbes , R. Wi t thau t , W. K. Samson, W. Schnizer and Angelika M. Voll-m a r
A highly sensitive and rapid radioimm u n o a s s a y for the determinat ion of arginine8-vasopressin 229
G. G o i , M . Besozzi, Chiara Bairati , E m m a Guagnel l in i , Adr iana L o m b a r d o and G . Te t t amant i
P r e p a r a t i o n of a stable liquid material for ca l ibra t ion and quality control for lysosomal enzymes in plasma 595
III
L. Haagen and A. Brock A new a u t o m a t e d method for pheno-typing arylesterase (EC 3 .1 .1 .2 ) based upon inhibit ion of enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-ni t rophenyl acetate by phenyl acetate 391
S. Hajzer. Eva Osadskä and Anna Zachen ska
Evalua t ion of inter laboratory proficiency surveys of bilirubin determina t ions in sera of newborns 291
M. P. Hazenberg and H. de Visser Assay for N-acety lmuramyl-L-a lanine amidase in serum by determinat ion of m u r a m i c acid released from the pep-t idoglycan of Brevibacterium divarication 141
Patricia G. Hendr ix , M. F. Hoylaerts , E. J. N o u w e n , A . Van De Voorde and M. E. D e Broe
Magne t i c beads in suspension enable a rapid and sensitive immunodetec t ion of h u m a n placental alkaline phospha t a se 343
K. Herfar th , Sabine Drechsler, W. Im-hoff, M. Sehl ander, M. Engelbach, A. Maie r and H . Schmidt -Gayk
Calc ium regulating hormones after oral and intravenous calcium adminis t ra t ion 815
G. E. Hoffmann, E. Schneider, K. Brand, V. Kozumplik and Susanne Fa-t e h - M o g h a d a m
Charac te r iza t ion of a phosphol i -pase A2 in human serum 111
A. J. van H o u t e and P C M . Bartels C o m p a r a t i v e evaluation of the Pharmacia C A P System and the D P C alaSTAT System for in vitro detection of allergen-specific IgE with the skin prick test 101
V. Kaever, J. T. Robitzsch, W. Stangel, L. Schleinkofer and K. Resch
S imul taneous detection of whole b lood chemiluminescence in micro-titre plates 209
Natha l i e Kapel , Domin ique Meillet, L. Favennec , Denis Magne , Denis Raich-varg and J . -G. Gober t
Eva lua t ion of intestinal clearance and faecal excret ion of a , -ant iprote inase and immunoglobul ins dur ing Crohns disease 197
M . I. K h a t k h a t a y , M. P. Desai, G. M. Sankoll i a n d U. M. Joshi
An indirect ELISA for urinary gonado t rop ins using immobilized h u m a n m e n o p a u s a l gonado t rop in 297
K. P. Kohse , K. Feifel and H. Wisser Quan t i t a t ive determinat ion of natriuret ic peptides in h u m a n biological
samples with a bioassay using cul tured cells 837
P. T. Kor tesuo , T. J. Nevala inen , M . Büchler and W. Uhl
Character izat ion of two phosphol i -pases A2 in serum of pat ients with sepsis and acute pancreat i t is 263
M. H. Kroll and Ruth Chesler Rat ionale for using mult iple regression analysis with complex interferences 415
H. Leibi, J. W. M a n n h a l t e r and M a r t h a M. Eibl
IgG subclass de terminat ion in h u m a n sera with commercial ly available reagents: Compar i son of different assay systems 85
Christine Luckenbach , R. Wahl and E. Kallee
Isoelectric focussing of h u m a n thyroxine binding globulin ( thyropexin) and human prealbumin ( t rans thyre t in)
387
Renate Lukas , I. Trif and M . C u c u i a n u Plasma phosphol ipase A 2 in chi ldren with mal ignant disorders 127
A. C. McLellan and P. J. Thorna l ley Electrophoret ic analysis of isoforms of glyoxalase II in clinical b lood samples 7
Dominique Meillet, P. L. H o a n g , F. U n -anue, Nathal ie Kapel , M. -C . Diemer t , Francoise Rousselie, A. Galli and Jeanne Galli
Filtration and local synthesis of lacrimal proteins in acquired i m m u n o deficiency syndrome 319
P. Montagne , P. Laroche , Therese Bes-sou, Mar ie Louise Cuilliere, P. Varcin and J. Duheil le
Measurement of eleven serum pro te ins by micropart ic le-enhanced nephe lometric immunoassay 217
O. Müller-Plathe and S. Heyduck Stability of blood gases, electrolytes and haemoglobin in hepar inized whole blood samples: Influence of the type of syringe 349
L. Nilsson and E. Ronge Lipoamidase and biot inidase deficiency: Evidence that l ipoamidase a n d biotinidase are the same enzyme in human serum 119
M. Panteghini , F ranca Pagani and R. Bonora
Pre-analytical and biological variabi lity of prosta t ic acid phospha t a se and prostate-specific antigen in serum
from pat ients with prostat ic pa thology 135
Francoise Ponte t , M . C. Diemer t , M o -nique Pressac and J. Bienvenu
Study of six ant isera used for the im-munonephe lome t r i c assay of human IgG 145
W. P rohaska , E. Schroeter , Petra Kaars-Wiele and K. Kleesiek
Enzyme immunoassays for ant i -hepatitis C virus ant ibodies - Improved specificity and analytical sensitivity by combina t ion of three different recomb inan t viral prote ins in second genera t ion tests 397
G. Rebentisch, W.-D. Pusinelli , J. Muche und H. Beyer
Rechnergestützte Befundinterpretation quant i ta t iver röntgendiffrakto-metr ischer Harns te inanalyse-Ergebnisse Computer i sed in terpre ta t ion of results of quant i ta t ive X-ray ur inary calculus analysis (in German) 95
F r a u k e Sabinski , U. Wosiewitz and U. Leuschner
Mucin- l ike high molecular mass p rotein fractions from total pig gallbladder bile mucus , pig gal lbladder wall mucus , and total h u m a n gallbladder bile mucus 753
M. S a n d k a m p , B. M. Tambyrajah, G. A s s m a n n and H. Schriewer
De te rmina t ion of apol ipoprotc in B in apol ipopro te in C l l /CI I I -con ta in ing l ipoproteins by an immunoenzymme-tric assay 223
J. Saulnier, J. M. Wallach, G. Döring, M . Malissard, M. J. Vacheron and M. G u i n a n d
C o m p a r i s o n of four procedures for measur ing elastase product ion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa s trains from cystic fibrosis pat ients 285
Vibeke Schioler, J. T h o d e and E. Kj0ller Per formance characterist ics of creatine k inase -MB isoenzyme measured with an immunoenzymomet r i c and an immunoinhib i t ion assay in acute myocardial infarction with and without th romboly t ic therapy 357
H. -W. Schiwara, H . Siegel and A. Goe-bel
Increase and decrease in formic acid concent ra t ion in urine samples stored a t r o o m tempera tu re 75
C. Schmidt and O. Müller-Plathe Stability of p02, pC02 and p H in heparinized whole blood samples: Influence of s torage temperature with regard to leukocyte count and syringe mater ia l 767
IV
M. Schmolke, E. Schleicher and W. G. G u d e r
Renal sorbi tol , mvo-inositol and gly-cerophosphory lchol ine in s t reptozo-tocin-diabetic ra ts 607
M. Schreiber, D a g m a r Kan t imm, Daniela Kirchhoff, G. He imann and A. S. Bhargava Concent ra t ions in serum of IgG, IgM and IgA and their age-dependence in beagle dogs as determined by a newly developed enzyme-l inked- immuno-sor-bent-assay (ELISA) 775
U. Schumacher , A. Mausilf, J. Bar th , U Welsch and W. Pe te rmann
Recovery of proteins from the b roncho-alveolar lavage fluid — Proposa l for a s tandard isa t ion 11
W. Siems, T. Grüne, Hannelore H a m p l , Gisela Wendel, G. Gerber and E. Riedel
Changed purine nucleotide concent rat ions and enzyme activities in erythrocytes of haemodialysis pat ients undergoing erythropoiet in therapy 455
Esther van der Sloot, S. Küster, A. Bohle, J. Braun and W. G. Wood
Towards an unders tanding of the mode of action of bacillus Catmeite-Gi/cV/'//-therapy in bladder cancer t reatment , especially with regard to the role of fibronection 503
G. van der Sluijs Veer and J. W. P. H. Soons
A time-resolved f luoro immuno assay of the IgM-rheumato id factor 301
Petra Stieber, Doro thea Nagel, Christiane Ritzke, N. Rössler, C. M. Kirsch, W. Eiermann and A. F a t e h - M o g h a d a m
Significance of bone alkaline phosphatase , CA 15-3 and C E A in the detection of bone metastases dur ing the follow-up of pat ients suffering from breast carcinoma 809
Haruh iko Takayama, Nor io Ogawa, Mitsutoshi Yamamoto , M a s a t o Asan-uma, Hiroshi Hirata and Zensuke Ota
Age-related changes in cerebrospinal fluid Y-aminobutyric acid concentrat ion 271
Michio Takeda, I kuo Kiyatake, Hika ru Koide , Kyu Yong Jung and Hitoshi En-dou
Biosynthesis of guanidinoacet ic acid in isolated renal tubules 325
P. Taral lo , J. Henny, R. Gueguen and G. Siest
Reference limits of p lasma fibrinogen 745
Ay§egül Telci, Nihal Salmayenly, Ali Emin Aydin, Sümer Yamaner , Ahmet Sivas and Ulu Eldegez
Serum lipids and apol ipoprote in concent ra t ions and plasma fibronectin concen t ra t ions in renal t ransplant pat ients 847
V. V. Tertov, I. A. Sobenin, Z. A. G a b -basov, E. G. Popov, A. A. Yaroslavov, M . Jauhia inen , C. Ehnho lm, V. N . Smir-nov and A. N . Orekhov
Three types of natural ly occuring modified l ipoproteins induce intracellular lipid accumula t ion in human aor t ic int imal cells — T h e role of lipoprotein aggregat ion 171
Stig Thunel l , Ann Henr ichson, Ylva F loderus , C. G. Gro th , B.-G. Eriksson, Lisbeth Barkhol t , A. Nemeth , Birgitta S t randvik , L. Eleborg, L. Holmberg and J. Lundgren
Liver t ransplan ta t ion in a boy with acu te porphyr ia due to aminolaevuli-nate dehydra tase deficiency 599
V. Toschi, G. F. Fiorini , Adele Mot ta , C. Castelli , Mar ia Grazia Gagl iano and A n d r e a Gibelli
S t ruc tura l and functional characterization of plasma fibronection in pat ients with essential mixed cryo-globul inaemia 473
G. Vanhoof, I. De Meester, M. van Sande , S. Schärpe and A. Yaron
Dis t r ibut ion of proline-specific ami-nopept idases in h u m a n tissues and body fluids 333
J. Vormann , T. Günther, K. Magdor f and U. Wahn
Minera l metabol ism in erythrocytes from pat ients with cystic fibrosis 193
C. Watala and P. D. Winocour T h e re la t ionship of chemical modifica t ion of m e m b r a n e proteins and p lasma l ipoproteins to reduced membrane fluidity of erythrocytes from diabet ic subjects 513
R. N. M. Weijers, J. Mulder, C. Lawson and J. Leunissen
Induct ion of au toant ibodies to h u m a n enzymes following viral infection: A biologically relevant hypothesis 449
J. W. J. van Wersch, M. G. V. M. Russel and F. A. Th . Lus te rmans
The extent of diffuse in t ravascular co agulat ion and fibrinolysis in pa t ien ts with liver cirrhosis 275
J. W. J. van Wersch, C. H. van M o u r i k -Alderliesten and A. Coremans
Compar i son of markers of coagula tion activation in pat ients under ora l ant icoagulat ion at different levels 461
J. W. J. van Wersch, J. C. De Vries-Hanje and J. M . H. Ubachs
Coagula t ion and fibrinolysis m a r k e r s in seminal plasma of pat ients under evaluation for involuntary childlessness 467
G u d r u n Wiedemann , Th. Simon u n d U t a Hi ldebrand
Untersuchungen zur Erstel lung von Referenzbereichen für Fruk tosamin and H b A , c im Kindesal ter Establ ishment of reference values for fructosamine and H b A l c in chi ldren (in German) 33
E. Wieland, V. Schettler, F. Diedrich, P. Schuff-Werner and M. Oellerich
Determinat ion of lipid hydroperoxides in serum Todometry and high per formance liquid ch roma tog raphy compared 363
C. Wolff, Kathr in Schlüter, W. P r o h a s k a and K. Kleesiek
Improved detection of hepati t is C virus R N A by reverse t ranscr ipt ion and polymerase chain reaction 717
Angela Zink, E. Blind and F. Raue Determinat ion of serum calci tonin by immunometr ic two-site assays in nor mal subjects and patients with medullary thyroid carc inoma 831
L. Zwang and B. G. Blijenberg Validation of the ultrafiltration technique for creatinine analysis by H P L C : A compar i son with direct serum injection 861
A. Andersson, B. Hul tberg, L. Bratt-ström and A. Isaksson
Decreased serum homocysteine in pregnanacy 377
Short communications M a r i a Angela Bacigalupo, C. Iacobello, G. Meroni and A. Ius
Affinity of europium-label led proteins A and G for immunoglobul in G from seven m a m m a l i a n species 529
L. Buris and M. Varga Change of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in sera after a lcohol ism t rea tment 203
V
F. d a Fonseca-Wol lhe im and K . - G . Heinze
Which is the a p p r o p r i a t e coenzyme for the measuremen t of a m m o n i a with g lu t ama te dehydrogenase? 537
F. da Fonseca-Wol lhe im a n d K . - G . Heinze
T h e influence of pC02 on the rate of a m m o n i a format ion in b lood 867
F. Goossens , Ingrid D e Meester , Gree t Vanhoof and S. Schärpe
A sensitive m e t h o d for the assay of serum prolyl endopep t ida se 235
M . H. Herruer , W. E. Klu i t enberg a n d F. M . J. Zu i jde rhoud t
C o m p a r i s o n of the ra t io H D L - c h o l e s -terol / tota l cholesterol on the Reflo-t ron vs. convent iona l wet chemis t ry m e t h o d s 153
B. Hu l tbe rg , A. I saksson , L. Brattström and B. Israelsson
Elevated urinary excretion of ß-hex-osaminidase in smokers 131
N o r a B. Krull , J. Kropf and A. M. Gressner
Influence of reagent composit ion on atypical pseudoCholinesterase activity measurement : Compar ison of a manual and an automated method and impl icat ions for routine 545
Herve R Lefebvre, J.-R Jaeg, A. G. Rico, P.-L. Toutain and J.-P. Braun
Variat ions of plasma creatine kinase in rabbi ts following repetitive blood sampl ing Effects of pre t reatment with aceprom-azine, Carazolol and dantrolene 425
S. Ponnazhagen and Rita Sarkar Enzymes of the pentose phospha te p a t h w a y in glutathione-regulated m e m b r a n e protection in ß-tha-lassaemia 481
Eva Schneider, Dusica Gabrijelcic and R. Geiger
De te rmina t ion of h u m a n mast cell t ryptase by bioluminescence-enhanced two-site immunomet r i c assay 871
K. O. Schwab , Gabrie le Heubel and H. Bartels
F ree epinephr ine , norepinephr ine and d o p a m i n e in saliva and plasma of heal thy adul ts 541
T. T ihan , P. Chiba , Olga Krupicka , M o n i k a Fritzer, R. Seitelberger and M. M. Müller
Serum lipid peroxide levels in the course of co ronary by-pass surgery
205
Hiroshi Tsuji, Kensuke N o m i y a m a , Koichiro M u r a i , Kimihi ro Akagi and Masa tosh i Fujishima
C o m p a r i s o n of the proper t ies of ri-bonucleases in h u m a n liver tissue and se rum 339
Report C. G. Fraser , P. Hyltoft Petersen, Ca r men Ricos and R. Haeckel
P roposed qual i ty specifications for the imprecision and inaccuracy of ana ly t ical systems for Clinical Chemis t ry
311
Technical reports B. G . Blijenberg, E. C. Liesting and L. Z w a n g
O n the accuracy of the Ref lo t ron* crea t in ine de te rmina t ion 51
P. Bonini , F. Ceriot t i , F. Keller, P. Brauer, H . Stolz, C. Pascual , Lydia G a r cia Beträn, D . J. Vonderschmit t , P. Pei, W. Bablok , Ingrid D o m k e and W. Stockm a n n
Mul t icent re eva lua t ion of the Boeh-ringer M a n n h e i m / H i t a c h i 747 analysis system 881
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie ( G e r m a n Society for Clinical Chemis t ry)
Work ing G r o u p on Enzymes P roposa l of s t a n d a r d m e t h o d s for the de te rmina t ion of enzyme cata lyt ic concen t ra t ions in se rum and p lasma at 37 °C II. Chol ines terase (acylcholine acylhy-dro lase , E C 3. 1. 1.8) 163
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie ( G e r m a n Society for Clinical Chemis t ry)
Work ing G r o u p on Enzymes
Proposa l of s tandard methods for the de te rmina t ion of enzyme catalytic concent ra t ions in serum and plasma at 37 °C III . G l u t a m a t e dehydrogenase (L-glu-t a m a t e : N A D ( P ) 4 o x i d o r e d u c t a s e ( d e -amina t ing) , EC 1. 4. 1.3) 493
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie (German Society for Clinical Chemis t ry)
Working G r o u p on Enzymes Proposal of s tandard methods for the de te rmina t ion of enzyme catalytic concent ra t ions in serum and plasma at 37 °C IV. Lac ta te dehydrogenase (L-lactate : NAD + ox idoreduc ta se , EC 1.1.1.27) 787
B. Malavas i , A. Ca tapano , G. Galli and C. Franzini
A col laborat ive trial for the evaluation of blood cholesterol measurement in clinical laboratories in Italy 157
G. V. Melzi d'Eril , T. Bosoni, R. Mor -at t i , M. Ventrucci, A. Fumagall i and G. Tarenghi
Clinical validity of a cont inuous col-orimetr ic method for serum lipase
439
Marie-Liesse Piketty, M.-P. Bounaud, R. Lebtah i , C. Valat, S. Askienazy, F. Be-gon and J . -C. Besnard
Mul t icent re evaluation of a two-step a u t o m a t e d enzyme immunoassay of free thyroxine 485
M a r t i n a Römer, R. Haeckel , A. Henco , M. Vogt, L. T h o m a s , H . E. Keller and W. Appel
A mult icentre evaluat ion of the Ek-tachem DT60- , Reflotron- and Seralyzer III systems 547
G. C. Zucchelli , A. Pilo, D. Jaworek, S. Masini and Mar ia Rosa Chiesa
I m m u n o a s s a y of C E A , CA 19-9, CA 125, and CA 15-3 on the au toma ted systems ES 3000 and ES 600: Methodological evaluat ion from a mult icentre col laborat ive study 875
Technical notes L. Borque , A. Rus, C. Maside and J. del C u r a
A u t o m a t e d latex nephelometr ic imm u n o a s s a y of theophyll ine in human serum 307
A. Dwenger , Ger t rud Schweitzer, H. -C. Pape and U. L e h m a n n
De te rmina t ion of h u m a n neutrophil elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: H o m o g e n e o u s immunoac t iva-t ion versus he terogeneous enzyme immunoassay 785
M. Fraysse, F. X. Galen and G. Ha-br ioux
Bioluminescence enhanced enzyme i m m u n o a s s a y for h u m a n cx-atrial natr iuret ic pept ide using luciferin-luciferase 433
A. J. P. F. L o m b a r t s , W. de Kieviet, P. F. H. F ranck and J. D. Baars
VI
Recogni t ion and prevent ion of two cases of er roneous haemocy tome t ry c o u n t s due to platelet and white b lood cell aggregat ion T h e use of acid citrate dextrose as an auxi l iary ant icoagulant 429
R Rosen tha l and M a r y Theresa Jennings Se rum del ta bilirubin est imat ion by an a u t o m a t e d method 39
Theodoss i a Tsaka, K. R. He rkne r and A. Mühl
H u m a n granulocyte elastase analysis on a clinical analyser (Greiner G-400) a n d compar i son with the manua l IMAC-e la s t a se me thod 107
J. L. Z a i d m a n , M . Waron , Sonica Meyer and S. Miele
A m n i o t i c fluid c o m p o n e n t s and changes due to s torage condi t ions 43
IFCC Section G. F e r a r d
Quan t i t i e s and units for metabol ic processes as a function of t ime 901
Award "Pr ize Biochemical Analys is" 1992 445
Letters to the Editor X. Fuen tes -Arder iu
W h a t is measured in clinical l aboratories, pa rame te r s or quanti t ies? 243
M. H a r d e l Coexis tence of different technologies in clinical chemical laborator ies? 239
F. Körber N o m e n c l a t u r e of 6 -phosphoglucona te dehydrogenase : The react ion ca talysed de termines the systematic n a m e
47
J. K r o p f C o m m e n t s on practical implicat ions of coexistent different technologies in clinical chemical labora tor ies Reply to the Letter to the Edi tor by M . Harde l (this J. 30 (1992) 2 3 9 - 2 4 0 ) 241
Abstracts Future Prospects of L-Tryptophan in Medicine
Conference of the Internat ional Study G r o u p of Tryptophan Research held at the Children's Hospital , University of Heidelberg, Germany, on N o v e m ber 2 2 - 2 3 , 1991 AI - A23 following page 170
Symposium Communications Clinical biochemistry in renal diseases
Basic knowledge and diagnostic ap proaches
Internat ional Symposium, G d a n s k , September 4th to 6th, 1992 615
D. Bizon, L. Kalinowski and S. Angiel-ski
Adenosine deaminase restores the ability of atrial natriuretic peptide t o induce glomerular hyperfil tration in low-sodium rats 647
Iwona Bundschuh, I rmt rud Jäckle-Meyer, Edeltraud Lüneberg, C. Bentzel, R. Petzoldt and H. Stolte
Glycation of serum albumin and its role in renal protein excretion and the development of diabetic nephropa thy
651 W. G. Guder , Z. Jakubowski and S. An-gielski
Report on the Symposium 617
W. G. Guder , M. Schmolke and Gabriele Wir thensohn
Carbohydra te and lipid metabol ism of the renal tubule in diabetes mellitus
669
W. Hofmann, B. Rossmüller, W. G. Guder and H. H. Edel
A new strategy for characterizing p ro teinuria and haematuria from a single pat tern of defined proteins in urine
707
G. D . Nuyts , G. F. Verpooten and M . E. De Broe
Intestinal alkaline phospha tase as an indicator of effects on the S3-segment of the human proximal tubule 713
C. J. Olbricht Distr ibution of cathepsins B and L in the kidney and their role in tubular protein absorpt ion 675
R. G . Price Measu remen t of N-acetyl-ß-glucosa-minidase and its isoenzymes in ur ine: M e t h o d s a n d clinical appl ica t ions 693
F. Recio , F. Villamil , C a r m e n Recio a n d C a r m e n Ferrer
Early changes of u r ina ry amylase isoenzymes in d iabetes mell i tus 657
R. Schaefer, L. Paczek, S. H u a n g , M . Teschner, Liliana Schaefer and A. Heidland
Role of g lomeru la r prote inases in the evolut ion of glomerulosclerosis 641
J. E. Scherberich, J. Wiemer and W. Schoeppe
Biochemical and immunolog ica l p r o p erties of u r inary angiotens inase A a n d d ipep t idy laminopep t idase IV Thei r use as m a r k e r s in pat ients with renal cell injury 663
E. D . Schleicher and B. Olgemöller G l o m e r u l a r changes in diabetes mell i tus 635
H.-J . Schurek, K . - H . N e u m a n n , H . Flohr , M . Zeh and H . Stol te
T h e physiological and pa thophys io l ogical basis of g lomeru la r permeabi l ity for p l a sma pro te ins and erythrocytes 627
M . H. Weber and R. Verwiebe oti-Microglobulin (prote in H C ) : Features of a p romis ing indica tor of p roximal tubu la r dysfunct ion 683
Erratum Unfor tuna te ly the pape r by G u s t a w a Stendig-Lindberg et al. pr in ted in this
j . 29 (1991) (12) 8 3 3 - 8 3 6 conta ins the following errors :
It was prepared for the 1992 vo lume bu t publ ished in D e c e m b e r 1991. T h e c i ta t ion ( top left-hand corner , p . 833) should therefore read: Eur . J. Clin. C h e m . Clin. Biochem. Vol. 29, 1991, p p . 8 3 3 - 8 3 6 In table 1, p . 834, the range for serum magnes ium should read: 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 9 1 (mmol/1).
Acknowledgement Acknowledgement 907
VII
General Index Author Index
Pages A 1 — A 23 follow page 170. A b r a m s , J. S. A 15 Abu-Sa lah , K . M . 737 Akagi , Kimihiro 339 Al -Kassab , Abdul Salam 21 Alpha , Beatrice 27 Andersson , A. 377 Angielski , S. 617, 647 Appel , W. 547 Arend , R. A. A 14 A san um a, Masa to 271 Askienazy, S. 485 Assmann , G. 223 Aufricht , Ch. 81 Aviram, M. 55 Aydin, Ali Emin 847
Baars , J. D. 429 Baas , H . A 8 Bablok , W. 881 Bacarese-Hamil ton, T. 531 Bacigalupo, Mar ia Angela
529 Bairat i , Chiara, 595 Barkhol t , Lisbeth 599 Barr, R. G. A 4 Bartels, H. 541 Bartels, P C M . 101 Bar th , J. 11 Becker-Brüster, W. A 12 Beckmann, R. A 12 Begon, F. 485 Beiträn, Lydia Garcia 881 Bentzcl, C. 651 Berg, P. A 16 Berg, P. A. A 13 Besnard, J .-C. 485 Besozzi, M. 595 Bessou, Therese 217 Beyer, H. 95 Beyer, J. A 16 Bhargava , A. S. 775 Bicanic, D . A 19, A 19 Bienvenu, J. 145 Biersack, H. 63 Bizon, D . 647 Blijenberg, B. G. 51 , 779,
861 Blind, E. 831 Boege, F. 63 Bogenschütz, O. 521 Bohle, A. 503 Bonini , P. 881 Bonora , R. 135 Borque, L. 307 Boschmann, M. A 4 Bosoni, T. 439 Boßmann, Bärbel 381 Bounaud , J.-Y. 485 Brand, K. I l l Braltström, L. 131, 377 Brauer, P. 881 Braun, J. 503 Braun , J.-P. 425 Brock, A. 391 Brook, G. J. 55
Brown, R. R. A 1, A 14 Bruchelt, G. 521 Büchler, M. 263 Budihna, M. 69 Bundschuh, Iwona 651 Buris, L. 203 Busker, E. A 14 Büttner, J. 245, 585
Calvo, C. 3 Camina , F. 761 Cangiano , C. A 11 Carr , L. A 11 Carr-Fischer, L. A 16 Carreer, F. M. J. 793 Cascino, A. A 11 Castel lanos, J. M. 281 Castelli, C. 473 Cas ton , J. Ch. A 16 Cas t ro -Gago , M. 761 Cata lan , R. 281 C a t a p a n o , A. 157 Catt ini , R. 531 Ceci, F. A 11 Ceriott i , F. 881 Chesler, Ruth 415 Chiba , P. 205 Chiesa, Maria Rosa 875 Clark, Penelope M. S. 27 Clement , D . L. 823 Cluyse, L. P. 823 Cohen , Margo P. 851 Coremans , A. 461 Cosgrove, J. W. A 2 Cotic, V. 69 Cox, Lorna 27 Criswell, M . D . A 12 Crowther , N . 27 Cucuianu, M. 127 Cuilliere, Marie Louise 217
Da Fonseca-Wollheim, F. 15, 371, 537, 867
De Broe, M. E. 343, 713 De Buyzere, M. L. 823 De Kieviet, W. 429 De Meester, Ingrid 235, 333 De Palo , C. 179 De Palo, E. 179 De Visser, H. 141 De Vries-Hanje, J. C. 467 Del Cura , J. 307 Delanghe, J. R. 823 Demisch, L. A 5, A 8 Demling, J. A 5 Desai , M. P. 297 Diedrich, F. 363 Diemert , M.-C. 145, 319 Dietrich, A. A 6, A 11, A 11 Diksic, M. A 8 Dolenc, I. 69 D o m k e , Ingrid 881 Döring, G. 285 Dovichi , N . A 19 Drechsler, Sabine 815
Duheille, J. 217 Dwenger, A. 187, 785
Ebisawa, H. A 15 Eccleston, D. A 7 Edel, H. H. 707 Ehnholm, C. 171 Ehrlich, W. A 6, A 11, A 11 Eibl, Mar tha M. 85 Eiermann, W. 809 Eldegez, Ulug 847 Eleborg, L. 599 Endou , Hitoshi 325 Engelbach, M. 815 Engelhardt , W. A 8 Enzensberger, W. A 8 Eriksson, B.-G. 599 Erni, F. A 19
F a t e h - M o g h a d a m , A. 809 F a t e h - M o g h a d a m , Susanne
111 Favennec, L. 197 Feifel, K. 837 Feldmann, U. 405 Ferard, G. 901 Ferrer, Carmen 657 Fierlbeck, G. 521 Fiorini, G. F. 473 Fischer, P - A . A 8 Floderus, Ylva 599 Flohr, H. 627 Floreani, A. 179 Franck, P. F. H. 429 Franzini, C. 157 Fräser, C. G. 311 Fraysse, M. 433 Fritzer, Mon ika 205 Fuchs, D. A 9 Fuentes-Arderiu, X. 243 F u h r m a n n , Bianca 55 Fujishima, Masatoshi 339 Fumagall i , A. 439 Funck , M o n i k a 187
Gabbasov, Z. A. 171 Gabrijelcic, Dusica 69, 871 Gagl iano, Mar ia Grazia 473 Galard , R. 281 Galen, F. X. 433 Galli, A. 319 Galli, G. 157 Galli, Jeanne 319 Gat t i , M. 179 Geiger, R. 871 Geisel, J. 729 Gelpi, E. A 18 Gerber, G. 455 Gerbes, A. L. 229 Gibelli, Andrea 473 Gieseler, F. 63 Gleich, G . J . A 15 Gober t , J . -G. 197 Goebel, A. 75 Goi , G. 595
Goossens , F. 235 Goronzy , J. J. A 15 Gould ing , R. A 17 G r a h n , H. A 6 Grätz, R. A 6, A 11, A 11 Gressner, A. M. 545 Gretz , N . A 3 Gro th , C. G. 599 Grune , T. 455 Guagnel l in i , E m m a 595 Guder , W. G. 607, 617, 669,
707 Gueguen , R. 745 G u i n a n d , M. 285 Günther, K. A 14 Günther, T. 193 Gusella , L. A 10
Haagen , L. 391 Habr ioux , G. 433 Haeckel , R. 311, 547 Hajak, G. A 3 Hajzer, S. 291 Hales, C. N . 27 H a m p l , Hannelore 455 Hardel , M. 239 Hazenberg , M. P. 141 Hebenstrei t , G. F. A 7 Heidland, A. 641 He imann , G. 775 Heinze, K . -G. 371, 537, 867 Henco , A. 547 Hendr ix , Patricia G. 343 Henny, J. 745 Henr ichson, Ann 599 Herbst , M . A 9 Herfar th , K. 815 Herkner , K. 81 Herkner , K. R. 107 Herruer , M. H. 153 Heubel , Gabrie le , 541 Heyduck , S. 349 Hi ldebrand , U ta 33 Hintermayer , J. A 20 Hi ra ta , Hiroshi 271 H o a n g , P. L. 319 Hoffmann, G. E. I l l H o f m a n n , W. 707 Holmberg , L. 599 H o p p e , B. A 14 Hosak i , Y. A 15 H o w a r d , Clive 531 Hoylaer t s , M. F. 343 H u a n g , S. 641 Huether , G. A 9 Hul tberg , B. 131, 377 Hütter, H . J . 381
Iacobello, C. 529 Imhoff, W. 815 Isaksson, A. 131, 377 Israelsson, B. 131 I to , J. A 15 I us, A. 529
VIII
Jäckle-Meyer, Irmtrud 651 Jaeg, J.-P. 425 Jakubowski , Z. 617 Jalink, H . A 19, A 19 Jauhiainen, M. 171 Jaworek, D. 875 Jennings, Mary Theresa 39 Joshi, U. M. 297 Jung, Kyu Yong 325 Jurika, E. A 6, A 11
Kaars-Wiele, Pa t ra 397 Kaever, V. 209 Kalinowski, L. 647 Kailee, E. 387 Kant imm, D a g m a r 775 Kapel, Natha l ie 197, 319 Keller, F. 881 Keller, H . E. 547 Kha tkha tay , M. I. 297 Khoss, A. E. 81 Kirchhoff, Daniela 775 Kirsch, C. M. 809 Kita , H. A 15 Kiyatake , Ikuo 325 Kjoller, E. 357 Kleesiek, K. 397, 717 Klein, R. A 13 Kiewer, M. A 11 Klünenberg, W. E. 153 Kohse, K. P. 837 Koide, Hika ru 325 Körber, F. 47, 245 Kortesuo, P.T. 263 Kozumplik, V. 111 Kröger, H . A 6, A 11, A 11 Kroll, M. H. 415 Kropf. J. 241 , 545 Knill , Nora B. 545 Krupicka, Olga 205 Kurl, R. N . A 2 Küster, S. 503
Lahoz, C. A 17 Langer, K. A 5 Laroche, P. 217 Laviano, A. A 11 Lawson, C. 449 Lazovskis, I. A 10 Lebtahi , R. 485 Lefebvre, Herve P. 425 Lehmann . U. 187, 785 Lehnen , H. A 11, A 16 Leibi, H. 85 Lemmer, B. A 5 Leunissen, J. 449 Leuschner, U. 753 Liesting, E. C. 51 , 779 Ligere, R. A 11 Lindsey, A. A 12 Liss, E. 371 Lojo, S. 761 L o m b a r d o , Adr iana 595 Lombar t s , A. J. P. F. 429 Luckenbach, Chris t ine 387 Lueken, Brit ta 187 Lukas , Rena te 127 Lundgren, J. 599 Lundy, S. K. A 15 Lüneberg, Edel t raud 651 Lus te rmans , F. A . T h . 275
Magdorf , K. 193 Magne , Denis 197 Maier , A. 815 Mala tan i , Tarek M. S. 21 Malavas i , B. 157 Mal inka , J. A 18 Malissard, M. 285 Mannha l te r , J .W. 85 Maor , Irit 55 Martinez-Tello, F. J. A 17 Mar t insone , D. A 11 Mar t insons , A. A 10, A 11 Mas ide , C. 307 Masin i , S. 875 Mausolf, A. 11 M a y e n o , A. N . A 15 McFar th ing , K. 531 McLel lan, A. C. 7 Meillet, Domin ique 197, 319 Melzi d 'Eril , G. V. 439 Meron i , G. 529 Meyer, P. 63 Meyer, Sonica 43 Miele, S. 43 Miquel , F. 281 Moller, S. E. A 6 Moebius , U. M. A 12 Mol ins , A. 281 Möller, A. A. A 9 Mon tagne , P. 217 Montalbän, L. 281 Mora t t i , R. 439 M o t t a , Adele 473 Muche , J. 95 Mühl, A. 107 Mulder , J. 449 Müller, A. A 14 Müller, M. M. 205 Müller-Plathe, O. 349, 767 M u r a i , Koichiro 339 Muscari tol i , M . A l l
Nagel , Doro thea 809 Närvänen, S. A 5 Neidhar t , B. A 21 Neme th , A. 599 N e u m a n n , K.-H. 627 Nevalainen, T. J. 263 Nie thammer , D. 521 Nilsson, L. 119 N o a c k , R. A 4 N o m i y a m a , Kensuke 339 N o u w e n , E. J. 343 Nuyts , G. D. 713
Oberlander , T. A 4 Oellerich, M. 363 Oet te , K. 729 Ogawa , Nor io 271 O g u r o , K. A 15 Olbricht , C. J. 675 Olgemöller, B. 635 Orekhov, A. N . 171 Osadskä, Eva 291 Ota , Zensuke 271 Ot t , M. A 8 Owen , W. F. A 13 Ozaki , Y. A 14
Paczek, L. 641 Pagani , Franca 135 Palmer, R. 531
Panteghini , M. 135 Pape, H.-C. 785 Pascual, C. 881 Pei, P. 881 Pe termann, W. Petersen, P. Hyltoft 311 Petzoldt, R. 651 Piketty, Marie-Liesse 485 Pilo, A. 875 Ponnazhagen , S. 481 Pontet , Francoise 145 Popov, E. G. 171 Popovic, Tatjana, 69 Pressac, Mon ique 145 Price, R. G. 693 Proescholdt , M. A 8 Prohaska , W. 397, 717 Przyrembel, H. A 3 Pulkil, K. A 10 Pusinelli, W.-D. 95
Quek, V. A 4
Radzioch, D. A 10 Raichvarg, Denis 197 Rassner, G. 521 Raue, F. 831 Rebentisch, G. 95 Recio, Carmen 657 Recio, F. 657 Resch, K. 209 Rico, A. G. 425 Ricos, Carmen, 311 Riedel, E. 455 Riggio, O. A 11 Ritzke, Christ iane 809 Robitzsch, J .T. 209 Rodriguez-Nünez, A. 761 Rodriguez-Segade, S. 761 Römer, Mar t ina 547 Rommelspacher , H. A 10 Ronge, E. 119 Rosenthal , P. 39 Rossi Fanelli, F. A 11 Rössler, N . 809 Rossmüller, B. 707 Rousselie, Francoise 319 Rudzite, V. A 6, A 10, A 11 Rus, A. 307 Rüssel, M.G.W. M. 275 Rüther, E. A 3, A 11
Sabinski, F rauke 753 Saino, E.-L. A 5 Sakimoto , K. A 15, A 15 Salmayenly, Nihal 847 Sa lmon, S. A 7 Salzer, H . R. 81 Samson, W. K. 229 S a n d k a m p , M. 223 Sankolli , G. M. 297 Sarkar, Ri ta 481 Sato , F. A 15 Saulnier, J. 285 Sauren, H. A 19 Scandellari , C. 179 Schaefer, Liliana 641 Schaefer, R. 641 Schärpe, S. 235, 333, Scherberich, J. E. 663 Schettler, V. 363 Schiebel, Ursula 521
Schioler, Vibeke 357 Schiwara, H.-W. 75 Schiander, M. 815 Schleicher, E. D. 607, 635 Schleifenbaum, T. 729 Schleinkofer, L. 209 Schlüter, Kathr in , 717 Schlüter, M. A 21 Schmidt , C. 767 Schmidt -Gayk, H. 815 Schmolke, M. 607, 669 Schneider, E. I I I Schneider, Eva 871 Schnizer, W. 229 Schoeppe, W. 663 Schreiber, M. 775 Schriewer, H. 223 Schroeter, E. 397 Schuff-Werner, P. 363 Schumacher , U. 11 Schurek, H.-J. 627 Schwab, K. O. 541 Schwartz , A. M. A 2 Schweitzer, G e r t r a u d 187,
785 Seiteiberger, R. 205 Shandley, Colin, 531 Shishikura, T. A 15 Sidransky, H. A 2 Siegel, H . 75 Siems, W. 455 Siest, G . 745 Simon, Th. 33 Sivas, Ahmet 847 Skrk, J. 69 Smirnov, V. N . 171 Smith, S. A. A 13 Sobenin, I. A. 171 Soldevilla, B. L. A 16 Soons , J .W. P. FI. 301 Spaic, D. 69 Stangel, W. 209 Stieber, Petra 809 S tockmann , W. 881 Stolte, H. 627, 651 Stolz, H. 881 Strandvik, Birgitta 599 Strauch, M. A 3 Svetic, Branka 69
Takada , A. A 8 Takayama, H a r u h i k o 271 Takeda, Michio 325 Talsky, G. A 20 Tarn, A. A 19 Tambyrajah, B. M. 223 Tarallo, P. 745 Tarenghi, G. 439 Telci, Aysegül 847 Tenner, W. 81 Tertov, V.V. 171 Teschner, M. 641 Tet tamant i , G. 595 Thierens , H. M. 823 T h o d e , J. 357 T h o m a s , L. 547 Thornal ley, P. J. 7 Thunei l , Stig 599 Tihan , T. 205 Torigoe, Y. A 15, A 15 Toschi, V. 473 Toutain, P.-L. 425
IX
Tran , Ch . D . A 19, A 19 Trif, I. 127 Tsaka , Theodoss ia 107 Tsuchiya, T. A 15 Tsuji, Hi rosh i 339 T u o h i m a a , P. A 5 Turk , V. 69
U b a c h s , J. M. H. 467 U b e r n a , E. A 19, A 19 Uhl , W. 263 U n a n u e , F. 319
Vacheron, M . J. 285 Valat, C. 485 Van D e Voorde A. 343 Van Der Sloot , Esther 503 Van der Sluijs Veer, G. 301 Van H o u t e , A. J. 101 Van Mourik-Alder l ies ten ,
C . H . 461 Van Sande , M. 333
Van Wersch, J . W . J. 275, 461, 467
Vanhoof, G. 333 Vanhoof, Greet 235 Varcin, P. 217 Varesio, L. A 10 Varga, M . 203 Varnier, M . 179 Ventrucci, M . 439 Verdugo, Cecilia 3 Verney, E. A 2 Verpooten, G . F. 713 Verwiebe, R. 683 Villamil, F. 657 Vogt, M . 547 Vollmar, Angel ika M . 229 Vonderschmit t , D . J. 881 Vormann, J. 193
Wächter, H . A 9 Wahl, R. 387 Wahn, U. 193
Wallach, J. M. 285 Waron, M. 43 Watala, C. 513 Weber, M. H. 683 Weijers, R. N . M. 449 Weiler, D . A. A 15 Weiss, G. A 9 Weissenborn, A . A l l Weißhaar, B. 729 Welsch, U. 11 Wendel, Gisela 455 Werner, R. G. A 21 Werner-Felmeyer, A 9 Weyand, C M . A 15 Wiedemann, G u d r u n 33 Wieland, E. 363 Wiemer, J. 663 Winocour, P. D. 513 Wir thensohn, Gabriele 669 Wisser, H. 837 Wit thaut , R. 229 Wolff, C. 717
Wood , W. G. 503 Wörthmüller, M. A 5 Wosicwitz, U 753 Wurst , Elisabeth 81 W u r t m a n n , R. J. A 4
Y a m a m o t o , Mitsutoshi 271 Yamaner , Sümer 847 Yaron, A. 333 Yaroslavov, A. A. 171 York, H. A 20 Young, S. N . A 2, A 4 Yusuvu, V. A 5
Zächenskä, A n n a 291 Z a i d m a n , J. L. 43 Zeh, M. 627 Zhu , X. S. A 20 Zink, Angela 831 Zucchelli , G . C. 875 Zui jderhoudt , F. M. J. 153 Zwang , L. 51 , 779, 861
X
Subject Index Pages A 1 - A 23 follow page 170.
acceptance —, criteria 881
, quality characterist ics 881
accumulat ion - , lipid 171
, aort ic int ima 171 accuracy —, cholesterol 157 - - , blood 157 —, creatinine 51
, Reflotron" 51 —, dry chemistry 241 - , Ektachem 239 —, multi layer film technol
ogy 239 ace taminophenon AI 1 acetyl-carnitine —, plasma 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase —, isoenzymes 693
, urine 693 , assay me thods 693
—, kidney disease 693 —, nephrotoxici ty assessment
693 —, plasma 595
, cal ibrat ion mater ia l 595
—. substrates 693 urine 131, 693
, assay me thods 693 , smokers 131
ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase —, neutrophils 187 N-acety lmuramyl-L-a lanine amidase —, serum 141
, subst ra te 141 , pept idoglycan 141
, Brevibacterium di-var iatum 141
N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl j -methane sul-phone-amide —, topoisomerase II 63
, inhibitor 63 activation —, biotinidase 119
, thiol c o m p o u n d s 119 —, leukocytes 209
, detect ion 209 —, l ipoamidase 119
, thiol c o m p o u n d s 119 acute myocardia l infarction - , s i z e 823
, creatine kinase 823 , serum 823
, myoglobin 823 , serum 823
adenine — c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
, children 761 adenosine —, cerebrospinal fluid 761
, children 761 adenosine deaminase —, and glomerular hyperfil-
t ra t ion 647 , atrial natriuretic pep
tide 647 , low sodium rats 647
adenosine monophospha te —, cerebrospinal fluid 761
, children 761 adherence —, neutrophi ls 187 affinity - , l g G 529
, protein A 529 , europium-labelled
529 , protein G 529
, europium-labelled 529
age dependence —, y-aminobutyr ic acid 271
, cerebrospinal fluid 271 —, fibrinogen 745
, plasma 745 —, immunoglobul ins 775
, serum 775 , beagle dogs 775
aggregation —, l ipoproteins 171 A I D S see h u m a n immunodeficiency virus alanine aminotransferase —, amniot ic fluid 43
, s torage condit ions 43 —, serum 21
, gallstone patients 21 a lbumin —, cirrhosis 275
, liver 275 - , glycated 851
, enzyme immunoassay 851
—, glycation 651 , and renal protein ex
cretion 651 , nephropa thy 651
, diabetic 651 —, serum 21
, gallstone patients 21 - , urine 707 alcohol —, tolerance 203 alcohol dehydrogenase —, serum 203
, alcoholism 203 , t reatment 203
, disulfiram 203 alcoholism —, t reatment 203
, disulfiram 203 , alcohol dehydrogen
ase 203 , serum 203
aldose reductase —, inhibitor 607
, sorbinil 607
, tolrestat 607 allergen —, detection 101
, skin prick test 101 —, specific IgE 101
, detection 101 , method compar i son
101 a m i n o acids —, metabol ism A 4
, and fenfluramine A 4 —, p lasma A5
, var ia t ions A 5 5-amino-3-aza-2,2,5-tr ime-thylhexanol —, impuri ty 247
, 2 -amino-2-methy l - l -p ropano l 247
5-aminolaevul inate —, urine 599 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -p ropano l —, impur i ty 247
, 5-amino-3-aza-2,2,5-tri-methylhexanol 247
y-aminobutyr ic acid —, cerebrospinal fluid 271
, age dependency 271 —, metabol ism 271
, bra in 271 aminolaevul ina te d e h y d r a tase —, erythrocytes 599 —, porphyr ia , acute 599
, liver t r ansp lan ta t ion 599
a m m o n i a —, formation in b lood 867
, influence of pC02 867 , influence of p H 867
—, p lasma 15, 537 , assay 537
, g lu tamate d e h y d r o genase m e t h o d 537
, coenzyme 537 , interferences 15 , method c o m p a r i s o n 15 , selected m e t h o d 15
, specificity 15 , ultrafi l trat ion 15
a m m o n i u m 5-[4-R-3-metho-xyphenylmethylene]- thioxo-thiazol idine-4-one-3-ethan-oate-N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosa-minide 693 amniot ic fluid —, s torage 43
, and composi t ion 43 amphoter ic in B —, l iposomes 737
, and permeabil i ty 737 , cat ions 737
, erythrocyte 737 A M P see adenosine m o n o phospha t e 761 amsacr ine —, topoisomerase II 63
, inhibitor 63
amylase —, isoenzymes 657
, urine 657 , diabetes mellitus 657
analytical goals 311 analytical per formance —, assessment 881 analytical procedures —, validity A21 analytical systems — c o m p a r a b i l i t y 239, 241
, Ektachem 239 —, quali ty specifications 311 ang ioedema —, hereditary 793
, CI inhibi tor deficiency 793
, phys iopathology 793 , t rea tment 793 , types 793
angiotensinase A —, urine 663
, marker 663 , renal cell injury 663
anistreplase —, thrombolysis 823 anorexia A l 1 anthracycl ines 63 ant ibodies - , B C G 503
, bladder cancer the rapy 503
—, monoc lona l 831 ,ca lc i tonin 831
ant igen —, pros ta te specific 135
, serum 135 , variability 135
a2 -ant iplasmin —, cirrhosis 275 - - , liver 275 a r a n t i p r o t e i n a s e —, clearance, intestinal 197
, colitis, ulcerative 197 , C rohn ' s disease 197
—, excretion, faecal 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , C rohn ' s disease 197
ant isera - , I g G 145 an t i th rombin III —, cirrhosis 275 - - , liver 275 a o r t a —, int ima 171
, lipid accumula t ion 171 apat i te 95 apol ipopro te ins —, serum 847
, renal t r ansp lan ta t ion 847
apol ipoprote in A-I —, glycated 3
, association 3 , H D L 3
apol ipoprote in B-100 - , defective 729
XI
- - , familial 729 —, gene 729
, D N A marke r 729 apol ipoprote in C I I / C I I I —, conta in ing l ipoprote ins
223 , apo l ipopro te in B 223
, i m m u n o e n z y m o m e -tric assay 223
apol iprote in B —, l ipoproteins 223
, apol iprote in CI I /CI I I conta in ing 223
, i m m u n o e n z y m o m e -tric assay 223
arginine8-vasopressin —, p lasma 229
, r ad io immunoas say 229 , water immers ion 229 , water load ing 229
ar thr i t is - , r a t A l l ascitic fluid —, phosphol ipase A2 263 ascorbic acid —, and neut rophi l functions
187 —, and oxygen derived radi
cals 187 , hypoxan th ine /xan th ine
oxidase 187 a spa r t a t e aminot ransferase —, amnio t ic fluid 43
, s torage cond i t ions 43 atherosclerosis —, diabetes mell i tus 3 atr ia —, h u m a n cardiac 837
, brain na t r iure t ic peptides 837
, bioassay 837 , natr iuret ic pept ides 837
atr ial natr iuret ic pept ide —, bioassay 837
, cell cul ture 837 —, g lomerular hyperfi l tra-
t ion 647 , low sodium rats 647
, and adenos ine deaminase 647
H P L C 837
bacil lus Calmette-Guerin —, therapy 503
, b ladder cancer 503 , elastase 503 , fibronectin 503 , IgA ant ibodies 503 , I g G ant ibodies 503 , lactoferrin 503 , myeloperoxidase 503
beagle dogs —, immunog lobu l ins 775
, serum 775 behav iour —, and t r y p t o p h a n A2 N-benzyloxycarbonyl -pro ly l -pro l ina l —, inhibi tor 235
, prolyl endopep t idase 235
bile
—, concrements 753 , chemoli tholysis 753
—, m u c u s 753 , compos i t ion 753
bil irubin - , del ta 39 —, Ek t achem 39 —, fract ionat ion 39 —, interference 15, 779
, a m m o n i a assay 15 , creat inine 779
, serum 779 , au toma t i c assay
779 —, proficiency surveys 291 —, prote in conjugates 39 - , serum 2 1 , 291
, gal ls tone pat ients 21 , neonates 291
, spec tophotomet ry , direct 291
, proficiency surveys 291
bioassay —, atrial nat r iure t ic peptides
837 , cell cul ture 837
—, bra in nat r iure t ic peptides 837
, cell cul ture 837 biocyt in —, b io t in idase inhibi tor 119
i n h i b i t o r 119 , compet i t ive 119
, subs t ra te 119 biological var ia t ion 311 bioluminescence —, i m m u n o a s s a y 871
, t ryptase 871 , mas t cell 871
b iopharmaceu t i ca l s —, qual i ty cont ro l A21 biot in idase —, serum 119
, ac t ivat ion 119 , deficiency 119 , inhibi t ion 119 , subs t ra tes 119
N-Z)-biotinyl-/?-aminoben-zoa te 119 £-N-Z>-biotinyl-L-lysine 119 b l adde r —, cancer 503 - - , B C G therapy 503
, ur ine const i tuents 503
b lood —, a m m o n i a 867
, fo rmat ion 867 —, glucose 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
- , / ? C 0 2 867 , s to rage condi t ions 867
—, ß-hydroxy butyra te 179 , after exercise 179
, in liver disease 179 - , p H 867
, s torage condi t ions 867 - , whole 209
, chemiluminescence 209 , detect ion 209
, microtitre plates 209
—, whole, heparinized 767 , sample preservation
767 , / ? C 0 2 767 , p H 767 , / ? C 0 2 767
blood d o n o r s - , hepati t is C 717
, virus 717 , moni tor ing 717
Boehringer Mannhe im/Hi t a chi 747 analysis system 881 bone —, metastases 809
, breast carcinoma 809 , phosphatase , alka
line 809 , serum 809
brain —, y-aminobutyr ic acid 271
, metabolism 271 —, and lithium A8 —, t ryp tophan influx A8
brain natr iuret ic peptides —, bioassay 837
, cell culture 837 - - , H P L C 837 breast —, carc inoma
, phosphatase , alkaline 809
, serum 809 , bone metastases
809 , t u m o u r markers 809
, serum 809 —, t u m o u r 69
, cathepsins 69 , serum 69 , tissue 69
broncho-alveolar lavage —, proteins 11
, recovery 11 , s tandardisat ion 11
by-pass surgery —, lipid peroxides 205
, serum 205 by-products —, t ryp tophan A14
C, inhibi tor , angioedema 793
—, deficiency 793 , angioedema 793
—, physiopathology 793 —, p lasma 793 —, serum 793 CA 125 —, immunoassay 875 CA 15-3 —, immunoassay 875 —, se rum 809
, breast carcinoma 809 CA 19-9 —, immunoassay 875 calcidiol —, serum 815 calci tonin —, calcium regulation 815
—, monoc lona l ant ibodies 831
—, serum 831 , immunoassay 831
, medul lary thyroid ca rc inoma 831
, pentagastr in st imulation 831
calcitriol —, calcium regulation 815 —, serum 815 calcium — a d m i n i s t r a t i o n 815
, in t ravenous 815 - - , o r a l 815 —, amnio t ic fluid 43
, s torage condit ions 43 —, excretion 815 —, p lasma 193
, cystic fibrosis 193 —, regulat ion 815 cal ibra t ion —, mater ia l 595
, enzymes 595 , lysosomal 595
cancer see also carc inoma, mal ignancies , t u m o u r - , b ladder 503 - - , B C G therapy 503
, ur ine const i tuents 503
ca rbohydra t e s —, and sleep A4 ß-carbolines —, biological significance
A10 ca rbon dioxide see / ; C 0 2 carc inoembryonic antigen —, immunoassay 875 —, serum 809
, breast carc inoma 809 ca rc inoma see also carcin o m a , malignancies, t u m o u r - , breast 809
, phospha tase , alkaline 809
, metastases 809 , bone 809
, serum 809 , t u m o u r markers 809
, serum 809 - , thyroid 831
, medul lary 831 , calcitonin 831
, serum 831 card iovascular disease —, predic tor 745
, fibrinogen 745 carni t ine —, p lasma 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
cata lase —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 ca techolamines —, p lasma 541 —, saliva 541 cathepsin B —, glomerulus 641 —, kidney 675
XI I
, dis tr ibut ion 675 . and tubular protein
absorpt ion 675 cathepsin L —, enzyme immunoassay 69 —, kidney 675
, distr ibution 675 , and tubular prote in
absorp t ion 675 cathepsins —, serum 69
, t umour 69 , breast 69
—, tumour 69 , breast 69
C E A see ca rc inoembryonic ant igen 809. 875 cell(s) see also granulocytes , neutrophi ls - , culture 837
, bioassay 837 , atrial natr iuret ic
peptides 837 , by c G M P p r o d u c
tion 837 , brain natr iuret ic
peptides 837 —, mononuc lea r 521
, peripheral b lood 521 , 2 ,-5 ' -ol igoadenylate
synthetase 521 , after interferon-ß
521 , after interferon-y
521 cerebrospinal fluid —, y-amino butyric acid 271
, age dependency 271 —, neurokinin A 281
. r ad io immunoassay 281 Parkinson 's disease 281
—, purine bases 761 , children 761
—, purine nucleotides 761 , children 761
—, pyrimidine bases 761 , children 761
—, t ryp tophan A8 , inf lammatory neuro
logical diseases A8 c G M P —, rad io immunoassay 837
, atrial natr iuret ic peptides 837
, bioassay 837 charge —, selectivity 627
, g lomerulus 627 chemiluminescence —, neutrophi l 187
whole blood 209 , detection 209
, microt i t re plates 209 chemolitholysis —, bile concrements 753 chi ldhood —, reference ranges 33
, fructosamine 33 , glucose 33
- - , H b A l c 33 children
- , phosphol ipase A 2 127 , plasma 127
, malignant d isorders 127
—, purine bases 761 c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
—, purine nucleotides 761 .cerebrospinal fluid 761
—, pyrimidine bases 761 c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
chloride —, amniot ic fluid 43
, storage condi t ions 43 /?-chloromercuribenzoate - i n h i b i t o r 119
, biotinidase 119 , l ipoamidase 119
cholesterol - , blood 157
, accuracy 157 , collaborative trial
157 —, esterification 55
, macrophages 55 —, H D L 153
, Reflotron" 153 , method compar i son
153 —, and kynurenine A 6 —, L D L 729
, apol ipoprotein B-100 729
, defective 729 —, and neopterin A6 —, and pyridoxal-5-phos-
phate A6 - , serum 21, 847
, gallstone pat ients 21 , renal t ransplanta t ion
847 - , total 153 - - , Reflotron11 153
, method compar i son 153
cholesterol/phospholipid ratio
H D L 513 , diabetes mellitus 513
- , L D L 513 , diabetes mellitus 513
Cholinesterase - , serum 163
, s tandard method 163 , reference intervals
163 chondrosarcoma - , phospholipase A2 127
, plasma 127 chronopharmacokinet ics —, t ryptophan A5 cirrhosis - . l i v e r 275
, a lbumin 275 , coagulat ion 275
, intravascular 275 , diffuse 275
- - , D - d i m e r 275 , pseudoCholinesterase
275 clearance - i n t e s t i n a l 197
, a , -ant iproteinase 197
, colitis, ulcerat ive 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , IgA 197 c o l i t i s , ulcerat ive 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , IgG 197 Col i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , IgM 197 Col i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
clinical chemistry - , history 585 clinical laborator ies - , history 585 coagula t ion —, intravascular 275 - - , diffuse 275
, cirrhosis 275 , liver 275
colitis —, ulcerative 197
, a , -ant ipro te inase 197 , clearance, intest inal
197 , excretion, faecal 197
- - , I g A 197 , clearance, intest inal
197 e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197
- - , I g G 197 , clearance, intest inal
197 e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197
- - , IgM 197 , clearance, intest inal
197 e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197
collagenase —, glomerulus 641 collection —, sample 81
, saliva 81 , IgA 81
comparabi l i ty —, analytical systems 239,
241 , Ek tachem 239
complement pa thway - , C, inhibitor 793 c o m p o n e n t —, definition 245 c o m p o n e n t declarat ion —, chemical systems 545 computer ized analysis —, calculi 95
, ur inary 95 computer ized in terpre ta t ion —, X-ray diffraction results
95 , calculi 95
, urinary 95 conjugates —, protein 39
, bilirubin 39 conversion rate 901 coronary heart disease - , risk profile 223 Cortisol —, serum 531
, enzyme i m m u n o a s s a y 531
, a u t o m a t e d 531 creat ine kinase —, amnio t i c fluid 43
, s to rage condi t ions 43 —, serum 823
, acu te myocardia l infarction 823
creat inine —, amnio t i c fluid 43
, s torage condi t ions 43 - , serum 51 , 779, 861
, a u t o m a t i c assay 779 , interference 779
, bil irubin 779 - - , H P L C 861
, direct 861 , injection 861
, Ref lo t ron "regis ter" 51 , accuracy 51
, ul traf i l t rat ion 861 w-creso lsu lphonphtha le inyl -N-acetyl-ß-Z)-glucosaminide —, subs t ra te 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
Cr igler-Najjar syndrome 39 cri teria —, acceptance 881
, qual i ty characterist ics 881
Crohn's disease —, a i - an t ip ro t e inase 197
, c learance, intestinal 197
e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197 - , I g A 197
c l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197
e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197 IgG 197
c l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197
e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197 - , I g M 197
C l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197
e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197 cysteine 95 cystic fibrosis —, minera l metabol ism 193 —, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
elastase 285 cystine pro te inase —, inhibi tors , endogeneous
69 cytokine —, and t r yp tophan A15 cytosine — C e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
, chi ldren 761
D-d imer — c i r r h o s i s 275 - - , liver 275 d e a m i n o - N A D P H —, coenzyme 537
, g lu t ama te dehydrogenase 537
, a m m o n i a assay 537 , n icot inamide h y p o -
xan th ine dinucleo-tide p h o s p h a t e 537
XI I I
declara t ion —, c o m p o n e n t 545
, chemical systems 545 —, reagent 545 defect —, genetic 793
, C, inhib i tor 793 , ang ioedema 793
deficiency —, biot inidase 119
, h u m a n se rum 119 - , C, inhibi tor 793
, ang ioedema 793 —, l ipoamidase 119
, h u m a n se rum 119 definition —, quan t i ty 901 definitive m e t h o d —, cholesterol 157 del i r ium t remens —, and t r y p t o p h a n A7 delta bil irubin 39 depressive d isorders —, and t r y p t o p h a n A6 , A 7 derivat ive spec t ropho tome t ry A20 diabetes —, n e p h r o p a t h y 651
, and glycated a lbumin 651
diabetes melli tus —, amylase 657
, isoenzymes 657 , ur ine 657
—, atherosclerosis 3 —, c a r b o h y d r a t e metabo l i sm
669 , kidney tubu le 669
—, erythrocytes 513 , m e m b r a n e fluidity 513 , p ro te in glycat ion 513
—, g lomerular changes 635 —, late compl ica t ions 635 —, lipid metabo l i sm 669
, k idney tubu le 669 —, mon i to r ing 851
, glycated pro te ins 851 —, t r y p t o p h a n A l l diclofenac 209 d ie thano lamine —, impur i ty 247
, m o n o e t h a n o l a m i n e 247 , impur i ty 247
, d ie thylamine 247 d ipep t idy laminopep t idase IV —, ur ine 663
, m a r k e r 663 , renal cell injury 663
diphenyl ine i o d o n i u m —, no rd ihydrogua ia r t i c acid
209 discrepancy analysis —, pseudoCholinesterase 545 diseases —, card iovascular 745
, p redic tor 745 , fibrinogen 745
- , k idney 617 , p a t h o m e c h a n i s m s 617
disulf iram —, alcohol ism 203
, t r ea tment 203
, a lcohol dehydrogenase 203
, se rum 203 D N A —, m a r k e r s 729
, apo l ipopro te in B-100 gene 729
dogs see beagle 775 d o p a m i n e —, p l a s m a 541 —, saliva 541 D P C AlaSTAT System - , IgE 101
, allergen-specific 101 , detect ion 101
d r u g —, resistance 63
, l eukaemia 63 dry chemis t ry —, accuracy 241 —, interferences 241 —, specificity 241 dry reagent carr ier systems —, field s tudy 547 —, interferences 547 Dubin- Johnson syndrome 39
E k t a c h e m —, accuracy 239 —, bil irubin 39 —, comparab i l i ty 239
, results 239 —, interferences 239 E k t a c h e m 700 157 E k t a c h e m D T 6 0 —, mul t icen t re evaluat ion
547 elastase —, b l adde r cancer 503 - - , B C G therapy 503 —, g ranu locy te 107
, h u m a n 107 , p l a sma 107
—, neu t roph i l 785 , b ronchoa lveo la r lavage
fluid 785 , mul t iple t raumat ized
pa t ien ts 785 —, neu t roph i l s 187 —, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
285 , assay 285
, enzymat ic 285 , immunologica l 285
, p roduc t ion 285 elastin - , subs t ra te 285
, elastase 285 enzyme —, release 187
, neu t rophi l s 187 enzyme immunoassay —, a lbumin 851
, glycated 851 —, ca theps in L 69 —, Cortisol 531
, p l a sma 531 , se rum 531 , ur ine 531
—, elastase 785 - , I g G 85
, se rum 85
, subclass immunoas say 85
enzymes —, lysosomal 595
, p lasma 595 , quali ty control 595
, calibration material 595
—, nomencla ture 47 , 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase 47 enzymur ia —, angiotensinase A 663 —, dipept idylpeptidase IV
663 eosinophil ia-myalgia-syn-d r o m e —, epidemiology A l l , A12 —, 1,1' -ethylidene-bis-L-
t ryp tophan A19 —, and fibromyalgia syn
d r o m e A13 —, interleukin-5 activity A13 —, and lymphokines A12 —, pa thology A13 —, therapeut ic aspects A16 —, and t ryp tophan A l l , A16
, metabol ism A14 epidemiology —, eosinophilia-myalgia-syn-
d r o m e A l l —, Spanish toxic oil syn
d r o m e A16, A17 epinephr ine —, p lasma 541 —, saliva 541 erythrocytes —, aminolaevul inate dehy
dra tase 599 —, glyoxalase 7
, isoforms 7 —, m e m b r a n e 513 - - , fluidity 513
, diabetes mellitus 513 , fluorescence polariza
t ion 513 , protein glycation 513
—, mineral metabolism 193 , in cystic fibrosis 193
—, permeabili ty 627, 737 , cat ions 737
, alteration 737 , amphoter ic in B li
posomes 737 —, porphobi l inogen deami
nase 599 —, porphyr ins 599 1,1' -ethylidene-bis-L-trypto-phan —, eosinophilia-myalgia-syn-
d r o m e A19 e toposide —, topoisomerase II 63
, inhibitor 63 eu rop ium - , -labelled protein A 529 - - , affinity 529
, IgG 529 - , -labelled protein G 529 - - , affinity 529
, I g G 529 - l a b e l l i n g 301
evalua t ion —, analyt ical systems 311 - , mul t icent re 547, 881
, Ek tachem DT60 547 - - , Hi tachi 747 881
, Reflotron 547 , Seralyzer III 547
excret ion - , faecal 197
, a , -ant ipro te inase 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn 's disease 197
- - , I g A 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , IgG 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , I g M 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
exercise —, acetylcarni t ine 179
, p l a sma 179 , in liver disease 179
—, carni t ine , free 179 , p l a sma 179
, in liver disease 179 - , fatty acids, free 179
, p l a sma 179 , in liver disease 179
—, g lucagon 179 , p lasma 179
, in liver disease 179 —, glucose 179 - - , b lood 179
, in liver disease 179 —, insulin 179
, p l a sma 179 , in liver disease 179
- , lactate 179 , p l a sma 179
, in liver disease 179
faeces —, excret ion 197
, oc rant iprote inase 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , I g A 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- - , I g G 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
- IgM 197 , colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn 's disease 197
fatty acids —, kidney tubule 669 - , p l a sma 179, 745
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
fenfluramine —, and a m i n o acid me tabo
lism A 4 f ibromyalgia syndrome —, and eosinophil ia-myalgia-
s y n d r o m e A13 fibrinogen —, p l a sma 745
, reference limits 745
X I V
- , predictor 745 . cardiovascular disease
745 fibrinolysis - , cirrhosis 275 - - , liver 275 fibronectin —, b ladder cancer 503 - - , BCG therapy 503 —, p lasma 847
, renal t ransp lan t patients 847
fibrosis, cystic —, mineral metabol ism 193
, erythrocytes 193 field study —, dry reagent carr ier sys
tems 547
filtration —, glomerular 617
, clinical biochemistry 617
f luoro immunoassay —, time-resolved 263, 301
, IgM rheumato id factor 301
, phosphol ipase A2 263 Follitropin —, urine 297 - - , ELISA 297
g o n a d o t r o p i n , human , menopausa l , immobilized 297
Follow up —, breast carc inoma 809 formic acid —, urine 75
, stability 75 fractionation —, bilirubin 39 fructosaminc —, diabetes mellitus 851 —, reference ranges 33
, chi ldhood 33 a-L-fucosidase —, p lasma 595
, cal ibration material 595
Furosine —, diabetes mellitus 851
oc-galactosidase —, plasma 595
c a l i b r a t i o n material 595
ß-galactosidase —, p lasma 595
c a l i b r a t i o n material 595
—, subst ra te 871 , D-luciferyl-ß-D-galac-
toside 871 gal lbladder —, mucus 753
, proteins 753 , high molecular mass
753 , mucus-l ike 753
gallstones —, abnormal i t ies 21
, biochemical 21
, serum 21 gene —, glyoxalase II 7 genetic defect - , CI inhibitor 793
, angioedema 793 genotypes - , apol ipoprotein B-100 729
, defective 729 GUteri's syndrome 39 glomerular basement membrane - , componen t s 657 g lomerular filtration - , clinical biochemistry 617 g lomerular markers —, urine 617 glomerular permeabili ty —, erythrocytes 627 —, p lasma proteins 627 glomerulonephri t is —, and kynurenine A10 glomerulosclerosis —, evolution 641
, and proteinases 641 , glomerular 641
g lomerulum —, basement membrane 635
, mesangial matr ix 635 changes 635
, diabetes mellitus 635 —, hyperFiltration 647
, low sodium rats 647 , atrial natr iuret ic
peptide 647 , and adenosine de
aminase 647 —, selectivity 627
, macromolecules 627 , charge 627 , size 627
glucagon —, p lasma 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
gluconeogenesis —, kidney tubule 669 glucosaminides —, substrates 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
glucose —, amniot ic fluid 43
, s torage condi t ions 43 b lood 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
—. reference ranges 33 , chi ldhood 33
—. se rum 21 , gallstone pat ients 21
a-glucosidase —. p lasma 595
, cal ibrat ion material 595
ß-glucosidase —. plasma 595
, cal ibrat ion material 595
ß-glucuronidase —. p lasma 595
c a l i b r a t i o n mater ia l 595
g lu tamate dehydrogenase —, a m m o n i a assay 537
, coenzyme 537 glycaemia - c o n t r o l 851 glycated apol ipoprote in A-I —, association 3 - - , H D L 3 glycated haemoglobin —, chi ldhood 33 glycated proteins —, diabetes melli tus 851 glycation —, a lbumin 651
, neph ropa thy 651 , diabetic 651
—, H D L 513 , diabetes melli tus 513
L D L 513 , diabetes melli tus 513
—, m e m b r a n e prote ins 513 , erythrocytes 513
, diabetes mell i tus 513 —, proteins 635
, diabetes melli tus 635 glycerophosphorylchol ine —, kidney 607
, rat 607 , diabetes 607
glycogen —, kidney tubule 669 glyoxalase II - , gene 7 —, isoforms 7
, erythrocytes 7 gonadot rop in —, urine 297
, immunoassay 297 , menopausa l , h u m a n ,
immobilized 297 granulocytes see also cells - c l a s t a s e 107
, h u m a n 107 , p lasma 107
Greiner G-400 - c l a s t a s e 107 guanine — Cerebrosp ina l Fluid 761
, children 761 guanosine — c e r e b r o s p i n a l Fluid 761
, children 761
haematur ia —, character izat ion 707
, protein pa t te rn 707 , urine 707
haemoglobin - , glycated 33, 851
, chi ldhood 33 haemolysis —, interFerence 15
, ammonia assay 15 H A G H —, glyoxalase gene 7 haplotypes —, apol ipoprote in B-100 729
, deFective 729 H b A l c —, reFerence ranges 33
, ch i ldhood 33 hear t —, co rona ry by-pass surgery
205 , lipid peroxides 205
, serum 205 hepat i t is - , C virus 717
, R N A 717 , detect ion 717
, se rum 717 ß-hexosaminidase —, ur ine 131
, smokers 131 high densi ty l ipoprote ins —, associat ion 3
, apo l ipopro te in A-I 3 , glycated 3
—, cholesterol 153 , m e t h o d compar i son
153 —, choles te ro l /phosphol ip id
ra t io 513 , d iabetes melli tus 513
—, glycat ion 513 , d iabetes melli tus 513
—, lipid peroxida t ion 513 , d iabetes melli tus 513
high perFormance liquid c h r o m a t o g r a p h y —, atr ial na t r iure t ic pept ides
837 —, brain nat r iure t ic pept ides
837 —, creat in ine 861
, serum 861 —, pur ine bases 761
C e r e b r o s p i n a l Fluid 761 —, pur ine nucleot ides 761
C e r e b r o s p i n a l Fluid 761 —, pyr imidine bases 761
c e r e b r o s p i n a l Fluid 761 history — c l i n i c a l chemistry 585 — c l i n i c a l l abora tor ies 585 Hitachi 747 —, mul t icent re evaluat ion
881 —, pract icabi l i ty 881 h u m a n immunodef ic iency virus —, inFection A9
, and t r y p t o p h a n degrada t ion A 9
hydrau l ic permeabi l i ty —, e ry throcytes 627 —, p lasma pro te ins 627 ß-hydroxybutrate - , b lood 179
, aFter exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
5 -hydroxy t ryp tophan —, and migra ine A7 h y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a
type II a 729 , apo l ipopro te in B-100
729 , deFective 729
h y p o x a n t h i n e —, cerebrospina l fluid 761
, chi ldren 761
XV
hypoxan th ine /xan th ine oxidase —, derived radicals 187
, and ascorbic acid 187 — g e n e r a t e d oxygen 187
icteric specimens —, creat inine assay 779 identi ty
biot inidase 119 , h u m a n serum 119
—, l ipoamidase 119 , h u m a n serum 119
IgA - , a n t i B C G 503
, b ladder cancer 503 , B C G therapy 503
— c l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197 , Crohn's disease 197
— ,exc re t ion , faecal 197 c o l i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
—, saliva 81 , collection method 81
—, serum 775 , beagle dogs 775
IgE —, allergen-specific 101
, detect ion 101 , m e t h o d compar ison
101 I g G - , affinity 529
, prote in A 529 , europium-label led
529 , prote in G 529
, europium-label led 529
- , a n t i B C G 503 , b ladder cancer 503
, B C G therapy 503 — c l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197
c o l i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
— e x c r e t i o n , faecal 197 c o l i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
—, h u m a n 145 , immunonephe lome t ry
145 —, serum 85, 775
, beagle dogs 775 , subclass determinat ion
85 , E I A 85 , R I D 85
—, ur ine 707 IgM — C l e a r a n c e , intestinal 197
, colitis, ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
—, excret ion, faecal 197 c o l i t i s , ulcerative 197 , Crohn's disease 197
—, - rheumato id factor 301 , f luoro immunoassay
301 , t ime-resolved 301
—, se rum 775 , beagle dogs 775
immers ion
- , water 229 , arginine8-vasopressin
229 immune system —, and picolinic acid A10 immunoact iva t ion assay —, elastase 785 immunoassay
, ascitic fluid 263 —, bioluminescence 871
, tryptase 871 , mast cell 871
—, calcitonin 831 —, cat hep sins 69 —, Cortisol 531 - e l a s t a s e 285, 785
, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 285
- , follitropin 297 —, IgM-rheumato id factor
301 , serum 301
—, lutropin 297 —, micropart icle enhanced
nephelometr ic 217 , proteins 217
, serum 217 —, phosphol ipase A2 263
, serum 263, 307 , sepsis 263
, pancreati t is , acute 263
—, theophylline 307 , serum 307
—, t umour markers 875 - - , C A 125 875 - - , C A 1 5 - 3 875 - - , CA 19 — 9 875
, carc inoembryonic ant i gen 875
immunoblo t t ing —, phosphol ipase A2 263 immunoenzymomet r ic assay —, apoliprotein B 223
, in apoliprotein CI I / CII I 223
, containing l ipoprotein 223
—, sensitive amplified 27 , insulin 27 , proinsulin, intact 27
immunoglobul ins see IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM immunology —, Spanish toxic oil syn
d rome A17 immunonephe lomet ry —, IgG, human 145 —, proteins 217
, serum 217 imprecision —, analytical systems 311 I M P see inosine m o n o p h o s phate impuri ty —, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-pro-
panol 247 , 5-amino-3-aza-2,2,5-tri-
methylhexanol 247 —, d ie thanolamine 247
, monoe thano lamine 247 inaccuracy
—, analytical systems 311 induction —, tyrosine aminot ransferase
A6 infarction —, myocardia l , acu te 823
, size 823 inf lammatory disease —, elastase 107
, granulocyte 107 , p lasma 107
inf lammatory neurological diseases —, t r y p t o p h a n A8
c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid A8 influence(s) —, s torage condi t ions 861 ,
867 - - , / ? C O , 861 , 867 - - , p H 861, 867 inhibi tors —, biot inidase 119
, compet i t ive 119 , biocytin 119
, i odoace tamide 119 , Na-/7-tosyl-L-lysine
ch loromethyl ke tone 119
, N- tosyl -L-phenyla la-nine ch loromethyl ketone 119
, /?-chloromercuriben-zoate 119
, phenylmethanesu l -phonyl fluoride 119
—, prolyl endopep t idase 235 , N-benzyloxycarbonyl -
prolyl-prol inal 235 —, protease 119
, Na-/7-tosyl-L-lysine ch loromethyl ketone 119
, N- tosyl -L-phenyla la-nine ch loromethyl ketone 119
, phenylmethanesu l -phonyl fluoride 119
—, proteinases 69 , cysteine 69
—, sorbinil 607 , aldose reductase 607
- , tolrestat 607 , a ldose reductase 607
—, topoisomerase II 63 , amsacr ine 63 , e topos ide 63
injury —, ischaemic 205
, m y o c a r d i u m 205 inosine m o n o p h o s p h a t e —, cerebrospinal fluid 761
, chi ldren 761 inositol see m y o i n o s i t o l insulin —, i m m u n o e n z y m o m e t r i c as
say 27 , sensitive amplified 27
—, plasma 179 , after exercise 179
, in liver disease 179 interferences —, a m m o n i a assay 15
, p lasma 15 - , bilirubin 779
, creat inine assay 779 , serum 779
, a u t o m a t i c assay 779
—, dry chemistry 241 —, dry reagent carr ier sys
tems 547 —, Ek tach rom 239 —, mult i layer film technol
ogy 239 interferon-y —, therapy 521
, 2 ' -5 ' -o l igoadenylate synthetase 521
, per ipheral b lood m o n o n u c l e a r cells 521
, serum 521 interferon-ß - , therapy 521
, 2 ' -5 , -ol igoadenylate synthetase 521
, per ipheral b lood mononuc l ea r cells 521
, serum 521 interleukin-5 —, eosinophi l ia-myalgia-syn-
d r o m e A12 iron —, p lasma 193
c y s t i c fibrosis 193 ischaemia —, myoca rd ium 205
, reperfusion 205 , injury 205
isoamylases —, urine 657
, diabetes mellitus 657 isoenzymes —, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamini-
dase 693 —, amylase 657
, urine 657 , d iabetes melli tus 657
—, glyoxalase II 7 , erythrocytes 7
—, phosphol ipase A2 111 , serum 111
isoforms —, glyoxalase II 7
, erythrocytes 7
kassinin —, -like tachykin ins 281 ke tone bodies —, kidney tubule 669 kidney —, cathepsin B 675
, d is t r ibut ion 675 , and tubu la r protein
absorp t ion 675 —, cathepsin L 675
, d is t r ibut ion 675 , and tubu la r protein
absorp t ion 675 — ,cell injury 663
, ma rke r 663 , angiotens inase A 663
, ur ine 663
XVI
, d ipept idylaminopep-tidase IV 663
, urine 663 disease 641, 693
, and protein 641 , diet 641
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
—, diseases 617 , pa thomechan i sms 617
—, g lomerular changes 635 , d iabetes mellitus 635
—, glvcerophosphorylchol ine 607
—, mvo-inositol 607 , d iabetes 607
, rat 607 sorbi tol 607
, d iabetes 607 , rat 607
—, t ransp lan ta t ion 847 , apol ipoprote ins 847
, serum 847 , fibronectin 847
, p lasma 847 , lipids 847
, serum 847 - , tubule 669, 683, 713
, fatty acids 669 , gluconeogenesis 669 , glycogen 669 , hyper t rophy 669
, insulin deprivat ion 669
, mechanisms 669 , ke tone bodies 669 , phospha tase , alkaline
713 , S3-segment brush
border 713 , proximal 683
, dysfunction marker 683
, a , -microglobulin 683
, sorbitol 669 , triacylglycerol 669
kind of quant i ty —, definit ion 245 Kodak Ektachem 700 157 kynuren ine —, a n d cholesterol A6 —, and glomerulonephr i t i s
A10 —, and phosphol ip ids A6
l abora to ry —, pa r ame te r 243
, definition 243 —, quant i t ies 243
, terminology 243 lactate —, p lasma 179
, after exercise 179 , in liver disease 179
lactate dehydrogenase —, amnio t i c fluid 43
, s torage condi t ions 43 —, isoenzymes 43
, amnio t ic fluid 43 , s torage condi t ions 43
—, p lasma 787
, s t a n d a r d me thod 787 , reference values 787
—, serum 787 , s t anda rd m e t h o d 787
, reference values 787 lactoferrin —, b ladder cancer 503 - B C G therapy 503 latex —, i m m u n o a s s a y 307
, theophyl l ine 307 , serum 307
lavage —, broncho-a lveo la r 11, 785
, pro te ins 11 lavage fluid —, b ronchoa lveo la r 11, 785
, elastase, neut rophi l 785 . mul t iple t raumat ized
pat ients 785 leukaemia —, acute 127
, phospho l ipase A2 127 , p lasma 127
—, drug 63 , resistence 63
leukocyte(s) —, act ivat ion 209
, detect ion 209 —, count 767
, interference 767 , sample preservat ion
767 , b lood gases 767
lipaemia —, interference 15
, a m m o n i a assay 15 lipids - , accumula t ion 171
, aor t ic int ima 171 —, peroxidat ion 513 - - , H D L 513
, d iabetes mellitus 513 - - , L D L 513
, d iabetes mellitus 513 —, peroxides - - , serum 119, 205, 847
, co rona ry by-pass surgery 205
- , serum 119, 847 , renal t ransp lan ta t ion
847 l ipoamidase —, serum 119
, act ivat ion 119 , deficiency 119 , inhibi t ion 119 , subs t ra tes 119
lipocalins —, a , -microglobul in 683
, kidney 683 l ipoproteins —, aggregat ion 171 —, apol ipopro te in CI I /CI I I -
conta in ing 223 , apol ipopro te in B 223
, i m m unoenzy m o metric assay 223
—, modified 171 , na tura l ly occuring 171
, and lipid accumulation 171
, aor t ic intimal 171 l iposomes —, amphoter ic in B 737
, and permeabil i ty 737 , cat ions 737
, erythrocyte 737 8-N-(Z),L-lipoyl)-L-lysine 119 N - ^ L-lipoy l-/?-aminoben-zoate 119 lithium —, brain A8 —, t ryp tophan influx A8 liver —, cirrhosis 275
, a lbumin 275 , coagula t ion 275
, intravascular 275 , diffuse 275
, D-d imer 275 , fibrinolysis 275 , pseudoCholinesterase
275 —, disease 179
, exercise 179 , ho rmones 179
, p lasma 179 , metaboli te 179
, b lood 179 , p lasma 179
— , t ransplanta t ion 599 , porphyr ia 599
, acute 599 , aminolaevul inate
dehydra tase deficiency 599
liver cirrhosis —, t r yp tophan AI 1
, p lasma A l l loading —, water 229
, arginine8-vasopressin 229
low density l ipoproteins 171 —, cholesterol 729
, apol ipoprote in B-100 729
, defective 729 —, cholesterol /phospholipid
rat io 513 , diabetes mellitus 513
—, glycation 513 , diabetes mellitus 513
—, lipid peroxidat ion 513 , diabetes mellitus 513
—, oxidized 55 , up t ake 55 , degrada t ion 55
, macrophages 55 , macrophage 55
, and Serotonins 55 Z)-luciferyl-ß-£>-galactoside —, subst ra te 871
, beta-galactosidase 871 lutropin —, ur ine 297 - - , ELISA 297
g o n a d o t r o p i n , human , menopausal , immobilized 297
lymphokines —, and eosinophilia-myalgia-
syndrome A12
lymphoma —, mal ignant 127
, phosphol ipase A2 127 , p lasma 127
lysosomal enzymes —, plasma 595
, quality control 595 c a l i b r a t i o n mater ia l
595
ob-macroglobulin —, urine 707 macromolecules —, selectivity 627
, glomerulus 627 macrophages - c h o l e s t e r o l cholesterol
cs te r i f i ca t ion cholesterol
—, oxidized L D L 55 , degradat ion 55 , up take 55
, and serotonin 55 magnesium - e f f l u x 193 —, p lasma 193
, cystic fibrosis 193 malignancies see also cancer, carc inoma, t u m o u r - C h i l d r e n 127
, phosphol ipase A2 127 , p lasma 127
a-mannos idase —, plasma 595
, cal ibrat ion mater ia l 595
marker see also t u m o u r marker —, angiotensinase A 663
, urine 663 , renal cell injury 663
—, dipept idylpept idase IV 663
, urine 663 , renal cell injury 663
—, glomerular 617 , urine 617
—, proximal tubular dysfunction 683
, a i -microglobul in 683 —, tubular 617
, urine 617
mast cell - , t ryptase 871
, bioluminescence i m m u noassay 871
medul lary thyroid ca r c inoma see thyroid membrane - e r y t h r o c y t e 513, 737 - - , fluidity 513
, diabetes mellitus 513 , fluorescence polar iza
tion 513 , permeabili ty 737
c a t i o n s 737 , protein glycation 513
mercaptanes —, enzyme act ivators 119 mesangial matr ix —, kidney 635
XVII
, d iabetes mell i tus 635 metabol ic processes —, quant i t ies 901
, as a function of t ime 901
- , uni ts 901 metas tases - , bone 809
, breast c a r c i n o m a 809 , phospha t a se , a lka
line 809 , se rum 809
m e t h o d - , definitive 157
, cholesterol 157 m e t h o d c o m p a r i s o n —, a m m o n i a 15 —, cholesterol 153 —, I g G subclass de t e rmina
t ion 85 —, pseudoCholinesterase 545 - , theophyl l ine 307
, se rum 307 2-methoxy-4-(2 , -ni t rovinyl) -phenyl-N-acetyl-ß-/)-glucos-aminide —, subs t ra te 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
N-methyl-£>-glucamine buffer 247
, p h o s p h a t a s e a lkal ine 247
, s t anda rd m e t h o d 247 4-methylumbel l i feryl-N-ace-tyl-ß-Z)-glucosaminide —, subs t ra te 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
met ro logy —, quan t i ty 245
, definition 245 , te rminology 245
—, te rminology 243 mic roa lbuminur i a 657 a , -microglobul in —, ind ica tor 683
, p rox imal t ubu l a r dysfunction 683
—, ur ine 707 micropar t ic le —, enhanced nephe lomet ry
217 , pro te ins 217
, serum 217 micro t i t re plates —, chemiluminescence detec
t ion 209 , whole b lood 209
migra ine —, 5 -hydroxy t ryp tophan A7 —, t r y p t o p h a n A 7 milk —, biot in idase 119 —, l ipoamidase 119 minera ls —, me tabo l i sm 193
, e ry throcytes 193 , cystic fibrosis 193
m i t o x a n t r o n e 63 mo lds —, allergen 101
m o n i t o r i n g —, b lood d o n o r s 717
, hepat i t i s C virus 717 —, breas t c a r c inoma 809 —, d iabetes mell i tus 851
, glycated pro te ins 851 m o n o a m m o n i u m ura te 95 m o n o c l o n a l an t ibod ies —, calci tonin 831 m o o d —, a n d t r y p t o p h a n A2 m u c u s —, bile 753
, compos i t ion 753 - , ga l lb ladder 753
, p ro te ins 753 , h igh molecular mass
753 , mucin-l ike 753
mul t icent re eva lua t ion - , E k t a c h e m D T 6 0 547 - , Hi tachi 747 881 - , Ref lo t ron 547 - , Seralyzer III 547 mul t i layer film technology —, accuracy 239 —, interferences 239 m u r a m i c acid —, assay 141 myeloperox idase —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 —, b l adde r cancer 503
, B C G therapy 503 myoca rd ia l infarct ion —, acu te 823
, size 823 m y o c a r d i u m —, ischaemic 205
, reperfusion 205 , injury 205
myoglob in —, serum 823
, acu te myocard ia l infarct ion 823
m^o-inosi tol —, k idney 607
, ra t 607 , d iabetes 607
N A D H —, coenzyme 537
, g lu t ama te dehydrogenase 537
, a m m o n i a assay 537 N A D P H —, coenzyme 537
, g lu t ama te dehydrogenase 537
, a m m o n i a assay 537 N A D P H oxidase —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 na t r iu re t ic pept ides see a t r ia l , b ra in neona t e s —, se rum 291
, bi l irubin 291 , spec topho tome t ry ,
direct 291 , proficiency surveys
291
neopter in —, and cholesterol A 6 —, and phosphol ip ids A6 nephelometry - , latex- 307
, theophyll ine 307 —, micropart ic le enhanced
217 , proteins 217
, serum 217 nephron —, cathepsins 675
, and pro te inur ia 675 neph ropa thy - , diabetic 635, 651 , 657
, and glycated a lbumin 651
nephrotoxici ty —, assessment 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
neu rob la s toma —, phosphol ipase A2 127
, p lasma 127 neurokinin A —, cerebrospinal fluid 281
, r ad io immunoassay 281 neutrophi ls see also cells —, adherence 187 —, chemiluminescence 187 —, enzyme release 187 —, functions 187
, and ascorbic acid 187 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminide —, subst ra te 693
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin-idase 693
nomenc la tu re —, 6-phosphoglucona te de
hydrogenase 47 norepinephr ine —, p lasma 541 —, saliva 541 nutr i t ion —, t ryp tophan A 3 , A 4 2 ' -5 ' -ol igoadenylate synthetase —, peripheral b lood m o n o
nuclear cells 521 , after in ter feron-a 521 , after interferon-ß 521
—, serum 521 , after in terferon-a 521 , after interferon-ß 521
osmolytes —, kidney 607
, s t reptozotocin-diabetes 607
, rat 607 oxygen —, derived radicals 187
, and ascorbic acid 187 —, reactive species 209
pancreat i t is —, acute 263
, phosphol ipase A 2 263 , serum 263
pa ramete r —, definition 243
—, l abora to ry 243 , terminology 243
—, misuse 243 —, use 243 pa ra thy r in —, calcium regulation 815 Parkinson's disease —, neurokin in A 281
c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 281 pa tho logy —, eosinophil ia-myalgia-syn-
d r o m e A13 —, Spanish toxic oil syn
d r o m e A17 PC02 - , b lood 767, 867
, sample preservation 767
, s torage condi t ions 867 , influence 867
pentagas t r in —, s t imulat ion 831
, calcitonin 831 pept idoglycan —, Brevibacterium divarica-
tum 141 , subs t ra te 141
, N-ace ty lmuramyl -L-alanine amidase 141
per formance —, analytical 881
, assessment 881 per iphera l b lood m o n o n u clear cells see cells, mononuc lea r permeabi l i ty —, erythrocyte 737
, c a t i o n s 737 , a l terat ion 737
, amphoter ic in B liposomes 737
—, g lomerular 627 , erythrocytes 627 , p l a sma proteins 627
—, hydraul ic 627 , erythrocytes 627 , p l a sma proteins 627
peroxida t ion —, lipid 205, 513
, d iabetes mellitus 513 peroxides - , lipid 205
, se rum 205 , co ronary by-pass
surgery 205 p H - , b lood 767, 867
, sample preservation 767
, s torage condi t ions 867 , influence 867
phagocy te —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 , functional state 209
P h a r m a c i a C A P System - , I g E 101
, allergen-specific 101 , detect ion 101
phenol indophenyl -N-ace ty l -ß-i)-glucosaminide —, subs t ra te 693
XVII I
, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamin- - —, g lu tama te dehydrogen - , p ro te ins 627, 851 —, serum 235 idase 693 ase m e t h o d 537 , glycated 851 , inhib i tor 235
phenylmethanesulphonyl flu - , coenzyme 537 , permeabi l i ty 627 , N-benzyloxy car-oride - —, interferences 15 , g lomerular 627 bonyl-prolyl-prol inal
inhibi tor 119 - —, m e t h o d of compar i son —, t r y p t o p h a n AI 1 235 , biot inidase 119 15 —, zinc 193 p ros t a t e , l ipoamidase 119 - —, selected method 15 , cystic fibrosis 193 —, acid phospha ta se 135
phospha tase - - , ul trafi l trat ion 15 p02 , s e rum 135 - , a lkal ine 21 , 43 , 247, 713, - , arginine8-vasopressin 229 - , b lood 767 , variability 135
809 - —, rad io immunoassay 229 , sample preservat ion —, specific ant igen 135 , amnio t ic fluid 43 — , water immersion 229 767 , se rum 135
, s torage condi t ions 43 - , water loading 229 podophy l lo tox ins 63 , variability 135 - - , bone 809 - , CI inhibi tor 793 pollen p ro tease see proteinases
, serum 809 -, carn i t ine , free 179 —, grass 101 prote in A , breast carc inoma - —, after exercise 179 , allergen 101 — ,eu rop ium- labe l l ed 529
809 - , in liver disease 179 - , t r e e 101 , affinity 529 , intestinal 713 - , ca techolamines 541 , al lergen .101 , IgG 529
, kidney tubule 713 - , Cortisol 531 po lymerase chain reac t ion pro te inases , S3-segment brush - —, enzyme immunoassay —, c D N A 717 —, cysteine 69
border 713 531 , hepat i t i s C virus R N A , inhibi tors , endoge-, se rum 21 — , a u t o m a t e d 531 717 neous 69
, gallstone pat ients 21 - , e lastase 107, 503 p o l y t r a u m a —, g lomeru la r 641 , s t anda rd method 247 — —, b ladder cancer 503 —, elastase, neu t rophi l 785 , glomerulosclerosis 641
, N-methyl-D-gluca- - - - , B C G therapy 503 , b ronchoa lveo la r lavage , evolut ion 641 mine buffer 247 - —, granulocyte 107 fluid 785 - i n h i b i t o r s 119, 793
phospha te see phosphorus - , h u m a n 107 po rphob i l i nogen , Na-/?-tosyl-L-lysine 6-phosphogluconate dehy - , enzymes 595 —, ur ine 599 ch loromethy l ke tone drogenase - —, lysosomal 595 po rphob i l inogen deaminase 119 —, nomencla ture 47 - , qual i ty control 595 —, e ry throcytes 599 , N- tosyl -L-phenyla la-phosphol ipase A2 - , ca l ibrat ion mate p o r p h y r i a nine chloromethyl ke—, ascitic fluid 263 rial 595 - , acu te 599 tone 119 —, immunob lo t t ing 263 - , ep inephr ine 541 , amino laevu l ina te dehy , phenylmethanesu l —, p lasma 127 - , fatty acids, free 179 d ra t a se deficiency 599 phony l fluoride 119
c h i l d r e n 127 — —, after exercise 179 , liver t r ansp lan ta t ion , se rum 793 , mal ignant disorders - , in liver disease 179 599 , C I inhibi tor 793
127 - , fibrinogen 745 p o r p h y r i n s pro te in G - , serum 111, 263 - —, reference limits 745 —, e ry throcytes 599 — ,eu rop ium- labe l l ed 529
, character izat ion 111 - , fibronectin 503, 847 —, ur ine 599 , affinity 529 , fluoroimmunoassay - —, b ladder cancer 503 po tas s ium , IgG 529
263 - - - , B C G therapy 503 —, amnio t i c fluid 43 prote in H C , t ime resolved 263 - —, renal t ransp lan t pa , s to rage condi t ions 43 —, see a , -microglobul in 683
, pancreat i t is , acute t ients 847 —, permeabi l i ty 737 pro te ins 263 - , g lucagon 179 , e ry throcyte 737 —, broncho-a lveo la r lavage
, sepsis 263 - —, after exercise 179 pract icabi l i ty 11 , isoenzymes 111 - , in liver disease 179 - , Hi tachi 747 881 , recovery 11 . isolation 111 - , H D L 513 predict ive value , s t andard i sa t ion 11 , purification 111 — , insulin 179 —, t u m o u r marke r s 809 - , glycated 851
phosphol ipids - —, after exercise 179 , b reas t ca rc inoma 809 , p l a sma 851 —, and kynurenine A6 - , in liver disease 179 pred ic to r , d iabe tes mellitus 851 —, and neopter in A6 - , i r o n 193 —, card iovascu la r disease , se rum 851 —, and pyr idoxal-5-phos- - —, cystic fibrosis 193 745 , d iabe tes melli tus 851
pha te A6 - , lac ta te 179 , f ibrinogen 745 —, high molecular mass 753 phosphorus - —, after exercise 179 preserva t ion , mucin- l ike 753 —, inorganic 43 - , in liver disease 179 - , sample 75, 135, 767 , ga l lb ladder mucus
, amnio t ic fluid 43 - , lac ta te dehydrogenase , formic acid 75 753 , s torage condi t ions 43 787 , p ros ta t i c acid p h o s p h a —, p lasma 627
- , a c i d 135 - —, s t anda rd me thod 787 tase 135 , permeabi l i ty 627 . pros ta t ic 135 - , reference values 787 , p ros t a t e specific an , g lomeru la r 627
, serum 135 — , lactoferrin 503 tigen 135 —, serum 217 , variability 135 - - , b ladder cancer 503 prick m e t h o d —, abso rp t i on 675
—, serum 815 - - - , B C G therapy 503 - , skin test 101 , k idney 675 . after calcium adminis -, L D L 513 processes , and cathepsins 675
t ra t ion 815 - , magnes ium 193 —, related quant i t ies 901 —, conjugates 39 picolinic acid - —, cystic fibrosis 193 proficiency surveys , bi l irubin 39 —, and i m m u n e system A10 — , myeloperoxidase 503 - , b i l i rubin 291 - , d i e t 641 plasma - - , b ladder cancer 503 proinsul in , a n d chronic renal fail—, acetyl-carnitine 179 - - - , B C G therapy 503 —, intact 27 ure 641
.a f te r exercise 179 - , norep inephr ine 541 , i m m u n o e n z y m o m e t r i c —, excret ion 651 , in liver disease 179 - , phospho l ipase A2 127 assay 27 , k idney 651
—, amino acids A5 - - C h i l d r e n 127 , sensitive amplified , p a t h o m e c h a n i s m 651 . var ia t ions A5 - , mal ignant disorders 27 —, pa t t e rn 707
—, a m m o n i a 15, 537 127 prolyl endopep t idase , ur ine 707
X I X
, h aema tu r i a 707 , charac ter iza t ion
707 , p ro te inur ia 707
, charac te r iza t ion 707
total 21 , se rum 21
, gal ls tone pa t ients 21 —, vo lume displacement ef
fect 861 pro te inur ia —, cathepsins 675
, nephron 675 —, charac te r iza t ion 707
, pro te in pa t te rn 707 , urine 707
—, a , -microglobul in 683 pseudoCholinesterase —, atypical var ian ts 545
, assay 545 , m e t h o d c o m p a r i s o n
545 , reagent compos i t ion
545 , influence 545
— ^cirrhosis 275 , liver 275
Pseudomonas aeruginosa —, elastase 285
, assay 285 , enzymat ic 285 , immunologica l 285
, p roduc t ion 285 pur ine bases — c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
, chi ldren 761 pur ine nucleot ides — C e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
, children 761 pyr idoxa l -5 -phospha te —, and cholesterol A6 —, and phosphol ip ids A6 pyr imidine bases — c e r e b r o s p i n a l bases 761
, children 761
qual i ty —, character is t ics 881
, acceptance criteria 881 —, cont ro l 595
, enzymes 595 , lysosomal 595
, ca l ibra t ion ma te rial 595
, p l a sma 595 —, specifications 311
, imprecision 311 , analyt ical systems
311 Conical chemis t ry
311 , inaccuracy 311
, analyt ical systems 311
, clinical chemist ry 311
qual i ty cont ro l —, b iopharmaceu t i ca l s A21 —, thin layer c h r o m a t o g r a
phy A20
—, t r y p t o p h a n product ion A 1 8 , A19
quant i t i es - . d e f i n i t i o n 245, 901 —, for metabol ic processes
901 , as a function of time
901 —, l abo ra to ry 243
, definit ion 243 —, met ro logy 245
radial immunodiffusion - , I g G 85
, serum 85 , subclass de termina
tion 85 radicals —, oxygen derived 187
, and ascorbic acid 187 r a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y —, arginine8-vasopressin 229
, p l a sma 229 —, atr ial na t r iure t ic peptides
837 —, brain nat r iure t ic pept ides
837 - C G M P 837
, atr ial na t r iure t ic peptides 837
, b ioassay 837 —, neurok in in A 281
, cerebrospinal fluid 281 r a d i o l a b e l e d receptor assay —, y -aminobu ty r i c acid 271 rat —, ar thr i t i s AI 1 rate —, of convers ion 901 —, of react ion 901 ra t io —, HDL-cho les te ro l / to ta l
cholesterol 153 rats —, low sod ium 647
, g lomeru la r hyperfiltra-tion 647
, atr ial natr iuret ic pept ide 647
, and adenosine deaminase 647
—, osmolytes 607 , kidney 607
, s t reptozotocin diabetes 607
react ion rate 901 reactive oxygen state 209 reagent compar i son —, declara t ion 545 receptor —, r a d i o l a b e l e d 271
, assay 271 , y -aminobutyr ic acid
271 —, t r y p t o p h a n A2 reference intervals —, Cholinesterase 163
, serum 163 , s t a n d a r d method 163
reference limits —, fibrinogen 745
, p l a sma 745
reference material —, cholesterol 157 reference ranges —, fructosamine 33
, ch i ldhood 33 —, glucose 33
, chi ldhood 33 - , H b A l c 33
, ch i ldhood 33 reference values —, lactate dehydrogenase
787 , p lasma 787
, s t andard me thod 787 , serum 787
, s t andard me thod 787 Refletron® - , cholesterol 153 —, creat inine 51
, accuracy 51 —, mult icentre evaluat ion
547 regulation —, calcium 815 renal failure —, chronic 641
, and protein 641 , diet 641
reperfusion —, myoca rd ium 205
, ischaemic 205 , injury 205
resistence —, d rug 63
, leukaemia 63 reverse t ranscr ip t ion - , virus R N A 717
, hepati t is C 717 r h a b d o m y o s a r c o m a —, phosphol ipase A 2 127
, p lasma 127 ribonucleic acid —, hepatit is C virus 717
, serum 717 risk - , profile 223
, coronary hear t disease 223
safety —, t ryp tophan A18 saliva —, ca techolamines 541 —, epinephr ine 541 - , I g A 81
, collection me thod 81 —, norep inephr ine 541 salivette 81 sample —, collection 81
, saliva 81 , IgA 81
— p r e s e r v a t i o n 135, 75 , formic acid 75 , pros ta t ic acid phospha
tase 135 , p ros ta te specific an
tigen 135 sample preservat ion - , blood, whole 767
, heparinized 767 , p C 0 2 767
, p H 767 , / ; 0 2 767
selected me thod —, a m m o n i a 15
, p lasma 15 , specificity 15
selectivity —, g lomerulus 627
, macromolecules 627 , charge 627 , size 627
sensitivity —, t u m o u r markers 809
, breast ca rc inoma 809 sepsis —, phosphol ipase A2 263
, serum 263 Seralyzer III —, mul t icentre evaluat ion
547 serotonin —, oxidized L D L uptake 55
, m a c r o p h a g e 55 serum —, N-ace ly lmuramyl-L-a la-
nine amidase 141 —, a lanine aminotransferase
21 , gal ls tone patients 21
—, a lanine aminotransferase 21
, gal ls tone pat ients 21 —, a lbumin 21
, gal ls tone pat ients 21 —, alcohol dehydrogenase
203 , alcoholism 203
, t rea tment 203 , disulfiram 203
—, apol ipoprote in 847 , renal t ransplant pa
tients 847 —, bilirubin 21
, gal ls tone pat ients 21 —, biot inidase 119
, deficiency 119 , act ivat ion 119
- , C 1 inhibi tor 793 - , C A 1 5 - 3 809
, breast carc inoma 809 —, calcidiol 815 - C a l c i t o n i n 815, 831
, immunoassay 831 , medul lary thyroid
ca rc inoma 831 , pentagast r in stimula
t ion 831 —, calcitriol 815 —, calcium 815 —, carc inoembryonic antigen
809 , breast carc inoma 809
—, cathepsins 69 , breast t u m o u r 69
—, cholesterol 21 , gallstone pat ients 21
— Chol ines t e rase 163 , s t andard method 163
, reference intervals 163
—, Cortisol 531
X X
—, enzyme immunoassay 531
, au toma ted 531 , creat ine kinase 823 - , acute myocardia l in
farction 823 .c rea t in ine 51 , 779, 861 - , au toma t i c assay 779
, interference 779 , bilirubin 779
- , H P L C 861 , direct injection 861
Reflotron® 51 , accuracy 51
- , ultrafi l tration 861 . glucose 21 - , gallstone pat ients 21 . glycated 851 .hepat i t i s C 717 - , virus R N A 717 . IgA, anti B C G 503 - , b ladder cancer 503 - - , B C G therapy 503 . IgG 85 - , subclass de te rmina t ion
85 - - , E I A 85 - - , R I D 85 . IgG, anti B C G 503 - , b ladder cancer 503 - - , B C G therapy 503 . IgM-rheumato id factor
301 - , immunoassay 301 , immunoglobul ins 775 - , beagle dogs 775 , lactate dehydrogenase
787 - , s t andard me thod 787
, reference values 787 , lipid peroxides 205 - , co ronary by-pass sur
gery 205 , lipids 847 - , renal t ransplant pa
tients 847 , l ipoamidase 119 , myoglobin 823 - , acute myocardial in
farction 823 , neonates 291 - , bil irubin 291
, spec tophotomet ry , direct 291
, proficiency surveys 291
, 2 ,-5 ,-ol igoadenylate synthetase 521
- , after interferon-a 521 - , after interferon-ß 521 , para thyr in 815 p h o s p h a t a s e 2 1 , 135, 809 - , acid 135
, pros ta t ic 135 , variability 135
- , alkaline 2 1 , 809 , breast ca rc inoma 809 , gallstone pat ients 21
, bone metas tases 809
, phospha te 815
—, phospho l ipase A2 111, 263
, charac ter iza t ion 111 , immunoas say 263
, sepsis 263 ^pancreat i t i s , acute
263 , isoenzymes 111 , isolat ion 111 , purif icat ion 111
—, prolyl endopept idase 235 —, prostatic-specific antigen
135 , variabil i ty 135
—, pro tease inhibi tor - - , C 1 inhibi tor 793 - , p ro te ins 2 1 , 209
, micropar t ic le enhanced nephe lomet ry 209
, total 21 , gal ls tone pat ients 21
- , theophyl l ine 307 , immunoas say 307
, m e t h o d compar i son 307
—, triacylglycerol 21 , gal ls tone pat ients 21
sex dependence —, fibrinogen 745
, p lasma 745 silicate 95 SI Un i t s - , t ime 901 skin —, prick test 101
, allergen detect ion 101 sleep —, and ca rbohydra t e s A 4 —, and t r y p t o p h a n A3 smoker s —, ß-hexosaminidase 131
, ur ine 131 sod ium —, amnio t i c fluid 43
, s torage condi t ions 43 —, permeabi l i ty 737
, e ry throcyte 737 sorbi tol —, inhib i tor 607
, a ldose reductase 607 - , k idney 607
, rat 607 , d iabetes 607
—, kidney tubule 669 Spanish toxic oil syndrome - e p i d e m i o l o g y A16, A17 —, i m m u n o l o g y A17 —, pa tho logy A17 —, toxicology A18 specifications —, qual i ty 311
, imprecis ion 311 , inaccuracy 311
specificity —, a m m o n i a 15
, p l a s m a 15 —, dry chemistry 241 —, t u m o u r marke r s 809
, breas t ca rc inoma 809 spec topho tome t ry —, direct
, bi l i rubin
, serum , neonates
stability —, formic acid 75
, urine 75 s tandardisa t ion —, protein recovery 11
, b roncho-a lveolar lavage 11
s t andard me thod —, Cholinesterase 163
, serum 163 , reference intervals
163 —, lactate dehydrogenase
787 , p lasma 787 , serum 787
—, phospha tase a lkal ine 247 , N - m e t h y k D - g l u c a m i n e
buffer 247 s t imulat ion —, pentagast r in 831
, calci tonin 831 s torage —, amniot ic fluid 43
, and c o m p o n e n t c o m posi t ion 43
—, blood, whole 767 , heparinized 767
, p C 0 2 767 , p H 767 ,p02 767
—, condi t ions 867, 867 - - , b lood 867, 867
ypC02 867, 867 , p H 867
s t reptozotocin —, diabetes 607
, rat 607 , osmolytes 607
, kidney 607 struvite 95 subclass de terminat ion - , I g G 85
, me thod compar i son 85 subst ra te —, pept idoglycan 141
, N-ace ty lmuramyl -L-a l -anine amidase 141
, Brevibacteriwn divar-icatum 141
subst ra tes —, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamini-
dase 693 —, biot inidase 119 —, elastase 285
, elastin 285 , te t raalanine 285
—, l ipoamidase 119 superoxide dismutase —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 surveys —, proficiency 291 - - , bil irubin 291 syringes —, b lood gases 767
, sample preservat ion 767
system —, definition 245
tachykin ins —, kassinin-l ike 281 Technicon C h e m 1 157 t e m p e r a t u r e —, sample preservat ion 767
, b lood gases 767 te rmino logy —, met ro logy 245 t e t raa lan ine —, subs t ra te 285
, e lastase 285 t e t r a h y d r o h a r m a n A10 theophyl l ine —, se rum 307
, i m m u n o a s s a y 307 , m e t h o d compar i son
307 thin layer c h r o m a t o g r a p h y —, qual i ty cont ro l A20 th rombolys i s —, anis t replase 823 thymine —, cerebrospinal fluid 761
C h i l d r e n 761 thyro id —, c a r c i n o m a 831
, medul la ry 831 , calci tonin 831
, se rum 831 t ime - , SI uni ts 901 tissue —, t u m o u r 69
, breas t 69 , ca theps ins 69
to lerance - , a lcohol 203 to l res ta t - , inh ib i tor 607, 63
, a ldose reductase 607 topo i somerase II —, inh ib i tor 63
, amsac r ine 63 , e topos ide 63
Na-/?-tosyl-L-lysine c h r o m o -methyl ke tone - i n h i b i t o r 119
, b io t in idase 119 , l ipoamidase 119
N- tosy l -L-phenyla lan ine ch lo rome thy l ke tone - i n h i b i t o r 119
, b io t in idase 119 , l ipoamidase 119
toxicology —, Spanish toxic oil syn
d r o m e A18 —, t r y p t o p h a n A9 t ransc r ip t ion —, reverse 717
, v i rus R N A 717 , hepat i t i s C 717
t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n —, k idney 847
, apo l ipopro te ins 847 , se rum 847
, f ibronect in 847 , p l a s m a 847
, l ipids 847 , se rum 847
- , liver 599 , p o r p h y r i a 599
X X I
, acute 599 , aminolaevul inate
dehydra tase deficiency 599
t r ea tmen t —, alcoholism 203
, disulfiram 203 , alcohol dehydrogen
ase 203 , serum 203
triacylglycerols —, kidney tubule 669 —, serum 2 1 , 847
, gal ls tones 21 , renal t ransplant pa
t ients 847 trial —, col laborat ive 157
, cholesterol 157 t r imethylamines —, kidney 607
, r a t 607 t ryptase - , m a s t cell 871
, bioluminescence immunoassay 871
t r y p t o p h a n —, and behaviour A2 —, b ind ing to nuclear recep
to r A2 —, biochemical effects A l —, by-produc t s A14 — c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid A8 —, chronopharmacok ine t i c s
A 5 —, con t aminan t A19 —, and cytokines A15 ^ d e c o m p o s i t i o n products
A14 —, degrada t ion A9
, a n d HIV infection A9 —, and delirium tremens A7 —, and depressive disorders
A6 , A7 —, d iabe tes mellitus A 11 —, dis t r ibut ion A5 —, and eosinophil ia-myalgia-
s y n d r o m e A l l , A12, A16 —, metabol i sm A I , A9
, eosinophil ia-myalgia-syndrome A14
—, and migraine A7 —, and m o o d A2 —, nut r i t ion A 3 , A4 —, p lasma A l l
, liver cirrhosis AI 1 —, p roduc t i on process A15,
A19 , qual i ty control A18
, thin layer chromatography A20
—, protect ive effect AI 1 , ace t aminophenon tox
icity A l l —, safetey A18 —, and sleep A3 —, supplementa t ion A3 —, therapeut ic effects A l
, inf lammatory neurological diseases A8
—, toxicology A9
tubu la r function — c l i n i c a l biochemistry 617 tubu la r m a r k e r s —, ur ine 617 tubule - , k idney 669, 683, 713
, c a r b o h y d r a t e me tabo lism 669
, hype r t rophy 669 , insulin depr ivat ion
669 , mechanisms 669
, lipid metabol ism 669 , phospha t a se , alkaline
713 , S3-segment brush
borde r 713 , p rox imal 683
, dysfunction marker 683
, oci-microglobulin 683
—, prox imal 675 , ca theps ins 675, 69
t u m o u r see also cancer, carc inoma , malignancies - , breas t 69
, ca theps ins 69 , serum 69 , tissue 69
t u m o u r m a r k e r - , C A 1 5 - 3 809
, breas t ca rc inoma 809 —, ca rc inoembryon ic antigen
809 , breast ca rc inoma 809
—, phospha t a se , alkaline 809 , breast ca rc inoma 809
, bone metastases 809 - , C A 125 875
, immunoas say 875 - , C A 1 5 - 3 875
, immunoas say 875 - , C A 1 9 - 9 875
, i m m u n o a s s a y 875 —, ca rc inoembryon ic antigen
875 , immunoas say 875
turb id imct ry —, a lbumin 707
, ur ine 707 - , I g G 707
, ur ine 707 —, oc2-macroglobulin 707
, ur ine 707 tyrosine aminot ransferase —, induct ion A6
ul t raf i l t ra t ion —, creat in ine 861
, serum 861 —, p lasma 15
, a m m o n i a assay 15 uni ts —, for metabol ic processes
901 , as a function of time
901 uracil 761 u ra t e
— c e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761 , children 761
urea —, amniot ic fluid 43
, storage condi t ions 43 uric acid —, amniot ic fluid 43
, storage condi t ions 43 ur inary calculi —, analysis 95
, interpretation 95 urine —, N-acetyl-ß-glucosamini-
dase 693 , assay methods 693 , isoenzymes 693
, assay methods 693 —, 5-aminolaevulinate 599 —, amylase 657
, isoenzymes 657 , diabetes 657
, mellitus 657 —, angiotensinase A 663
, marker 663 , renal cell injury 663
—, Cortisol 531 , enzyme immunoassay
531 , au tomated 531
—, dipept idylaminopept idase IV 663
, marker 663 , renal cell injury 663
—, elastase 503 , bladder cancer 503
, BCG therapy 503 —, fibronectin 503
, bladder cancer 503 , BCG therapy 503
- , follitropin 297 , immunoassay 297
—, formic acid 75 , stability 75
—, glomerular markers 617 —, ß-hexosaminidase 131
, smokers 131 - , IgA, anti BCG 503
, bladder cancer 503 , BCG therapy 503
- , IgG, anti BCG 503 , bladder cancer 503
, BCG therapy 503 —, lactoferrin 503
, bladder cancer 503 , BCG therapy 503
—, lutropin 297 , immunoassay 297
—, myeloperoxidase 503 , bladder cancer 503
, BCG therapy 503 —, phosphatase 713
, alkaline 713 , marker 713
, S3-segment brush border 713
—, porphobi l inogen 599 —, porphyrius 599 —, protein 707
, pattern 707 , haematur ia 707
, character iza t ion 707
, p ro te inur ia 707 , character iza t ion
707
—, tubu la r marke r s 617
validity —, analytical p rocedures
A21 variability —, phospha t a se 135 - - , a c i d 135
, serum 135 , pros ta t ic 135
—, pros ta t ic specific ant igen 135
, serum 135 var ia t ion —, biological 311 var ia t ions —, day- to-day A5
, a m i n o acids A5 , p lasma A 5
vasopressin —, p lasma 229
, r ad io immunoassay 229 , water immersion 229 , water loading 229
virus —, R N A 717
, detect ion 717 , serum 717
, hepat i t is C 717 volume —, displacement effect 861
, protein 861 water —, balance 229
, arginine8-vasopressin 229
—, immersion 229 , arginine8-vasopressin
229 - , loading 229
, arginine8-vasopressin 229
weddelli te 95 IVilm's t u m o u r —, phosphol ipase A2 127
, p lasma 127
xan th ine — C e r e b r o s p i n a l fluid 761
, children 761 xanth ine oxidase —, and reactive oxygen spe
cies 209 X-ray diffraction —, calculi 95
c o m p u t e r i z e d analysis 95
, ur inary 95 C o m p u t e r i z e d inter
pre ta t ion 95
zinc - , p lasma 193, 595
C y s t i c fibrosis 193
X X I I
Gerbes et al.: R a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y for arginine8-vasopressin 229 Eur. J. Clin. C h e m . Clin. Biochem. Vol. 30, 1992, pp . 2 2 9 - 2 3 3 © 1992 Walter de Gruyter & C o .
Berlin • New York
A Highly Sensitive and Rapid Radioimmunoassay for the Determination of Arginine8-Vasopressin
By A. L. Gerbes1, R. Witthaut1, W. K Samson2, W. Schnizer3 and Angelika M. Vollmar4
1 Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Großhadem, Universität München 2 Department of Anatomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 3 Privatklinik Raphael, Bad Griesbach 4 Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Universität München
(Received October 11, 1991/January 7, 1992)
Summary: A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for arginine8-vasopressin (argipressin; INN) measurement was developed using Amberlite XAD 2 resin columns to extract arginine8-vasopressin from acidified human plasma. Arginine8-vasopressin was determined by a rapid radioimmunoassay method (2 x 20 h) using a specific antibody and 125I-labelled antigen. The bound fraction was separated by adsorption of the free fraction onto bovine serum albumin-coated charcoal; this resulted in low unspecific binding of less than 2%. Recovery experiments in the physiological range resulted in a mean (± SEM) recovery of 88 + 3%. The radioimmunoassay consistently yielded a detection limit of 0.3 ng/1 (ED90) and a mean 50% binding intercept (ED50) of 3.5 ng/1. Arginine8-vasopressin immunoreactivity was characterized by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, which confirmed the specificity of the assay. Serial plasma dilution curves paralleled the standard curve. The intra- and inter-assay variations were 9.4% and 15%, respectively. Arginine8-vasopressin concentrations in healthy subjects were determined in normal hydration status (2.2 + 0.3 ng/1; n = 11), as well as during suppression by water immersion (1.5 + 0.2 ng/1; n = 11) or by water loading (1.6 ± 0.2 ng/1; n = 8). Thus, this assay allows for a sensitive, accurate and rapid quantification of plasma arginine8-vasopressin concentrations.
Introduction Alterations of arginine8-vasopressin plasma concentrations seem to be involved in the abnormal water handling that is present in several diseases. Thus, investigations in patients with congestive heart failure (1 — 3), hyperaldosteronism (4) or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (5, 6) demonstrated abnormal arginine8-vasopressin secretion as a determinant of impaired water balance. Furthermore, any investigation of the physiological regulation of water homeostasis should comprise determination of arginine8-vasopressin plasma concentrations (7, 8). Therefore, an accurate determination of arginine8-vasopressin is important for both physiological and clinical purposes. Efforts to obtain an exact measurement of the rather low plasma concentrations of arginine8-vaso-
pressin by radioimmunoassay have been hampered by the presence of different interfering factors which are still only partially characterized. Thus, limited specificity is inherent in the methods using direct radioimmunoassay for arginine8-vasopressinin plasma (9,10), necessitating plasma extraction before radioimmunoassay of the neurohypophyseal peptide. Different extraction procedures have been used, including the use of acetone and petroleum ether (11, 12), cold ethanol (13) or Bentonite (14), but they show poor and variable recoveries (11, 13). Furthermore, several radioimmunoassays for arginine8-vasopressin involve complicated separation techniques, and in order to obtain adequate sensitivity they employ incubation periods of up to 7 days (9, 15).
Eur. J. Clin. C h e m . Clin. Biochem. / Vol. 30 ,1992 / N o . 4
230 Gerbes et al.: Rad io immunoassay for arginine8-vasopressin
Therefore we have developed a simple, accurate and rapid method for determining arginine8-vasopressin following extraction from plasma. The method has a very low detection limit.
Materials and Methods M a t e r i a l Sample preparation and extraction Blood was collected in d isodium ethylenediaminete t raaceta te coated tubes and immediately centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 min at 4 °C. The p lasma was removed, t reated with phenylmethyl-sulphonylf luoride (5 mmol/1) and acidified with acetic acid to p H 5.5 (2.5 mol/1). F o r extract ion the p lasma samples were adsorbed as 1 ml a l iquots to activated Amberl i te X A D 2 resin (Serva, Heidelberg, G e r m a n y ) c h r o m a t o g r a p h y co lumns (Bio-Rad Labora tor ies , R i c h m o n d , CA 94804) followed by washing with tr if luoroacetic acid (1 mmol/1). The elution was performed using a mobile phase consist ing of 1 mol/1 acetonitri le (80%) and 1 mmol/1 trifluoroacetic acid (20%) . T h e lyophilized samples were reconst i tuted in 300 ul assay buffer I.
Recovery Recovery experiments were performed by parallel extract ion of 1, 2, 4 and 8 p g synthetic arginine8-vasopressin (Bissendorf Biochemicals G m b H , Hannover , Ge rmany) added to 1 ml aliquo t s of different p lasma samples.
Assay buffers Two assay buffers were used in this rad io immunoassay . Assay buffer I was prepared with 20 g/1 of bovine serum a lbumin in 50 mmol/1 phospha t e buffer (pH 7.4) conta in ing 5 mmol/1 phenylmethylsulphonylf luoride, 0.1 mol/1 sodium chloride, 10 mmol/1 d isodium ethylenediaminete t raaceta te a n d 0.1 mol/1 Tri ton X-100. After incubat ion for 4 h at 56 °C the buffer was diluted 10 fold. Neomyc in sulphate (2 g/1) and sod ium azide (1 g/1) were then added and the p H adjusted to 7.4. F o r assay buffer II dissolved gelatine (1 g/1) was added to 20 mmol/1 phospha te buffer conta in ing 0.15 mol/1 sodium chloride, 0.1 g/1 bovine serum a lbumin and 0.1 g/1 thimerosal . Thereafter the p H was adjusted with sodium hydroxide (10 mol/1) to 7.4.
Standard curve K n o w n a m o u n t s of synthetic arginine8-vasopressin were serially diluted ranging from 80 to 0.08 ng/1 in assay buffer I.
M e t h o d s Assay protocol Polyclonal an t ibody (Nol 728-6), generated against synthetic arginine8-vasopressin bovine thyroglobul in conjugates in r ab bits (16), was diluted to bind a b o u t a third of the total r ad io -labelled antigen added in the absence of unlabelled ant igen. Ant i serum (100 ul, end dilut ion 1 : 50000) was added to s tandards and extracted ant igens. Incuba t ion was carried out in polypropylene tubes for 20 h at 4°C. Then, 1.6 pg / tube I 2 5I-labelled arginine8-vasopressin (Amersham Braunschweig, Ger many, 74 T B q / m m o l (2000 Ci /mmol) ; 100 ul) was added , followed by incubat ion at 4 °C for a further 20 h. In order to determine cross-reactivities of the an t ibody with o ther peptides, s t andard curves of the rad io immunoassay were
performed with ocytocin, atr ial natr iuret ic peptide, angiotensin II and lysine8-vasopressin, respectively, instead of unlabelled argini ne8-vasopressin.
Separation Separa t ion was performed by add ing 500 ul of bovine serum a lbumin-coated charcoal ( 2 9 % / 7 1 % , by weight) dissolved in assay buffer II . After 10 min, s t andards and samples were centrifuged at 4 °C for 10 min at 2000 g and the supe rna tan t was counted ( L K B , Turku, F in land , 8 0 % efficiency) in triplicate. Non-specific binding was de termined by performing the rad io immunoassay wi thout an t ibody (n = 9).
Reverse-phase-HPLC Arginine8-vasopressin immunoreact iv i ty was character ized by reverse-phase high per formance liquid c h r o m a t o g r a p h y (n = 6). F o r cal ibrat ion a s t andard of 200 pg synthetic arginine8-vasopressin was dissolved in 250 ul acetoni tr i le and submit ted to reverse-phase high performance l iquid c h r o m a tography (C 8 -ul t rapore T M co lumn [5 um], Beckman San Ram o n , U . S . A . ) . S tandard and extracted samples were eluted with a linear gradient from 1 5 % — 4 5 % acetonitrile in 1 mmol/1 tr if luoroacetic acid in 35 min (flow rate 0.5 ml /min, fraction size 0.5 ml / tube) . Subsequently, the ho rmone conten ts of the fractions were measured by rad io immunoassay .
Water immersion Water immers ion was performed as described in detai l elsewhere (17 — 19). Briefly, following 1 h in the sitting posi t ion a t room tempera tu re (28 °C) beside the water thank, 11 heal thy, normally hyd ra ted subjects were immersed to the level of the neck into the rmoneu t ra l water (34.5 °C) for 1 h followed by 1 h outs ide the tank . Blood samples were taken immediately before, after 1 h immers ion and 1 h after exiting the t ank .
Water loading After a n overnight fast (16 h) b lood samples (basal value) were taken from 8 heal thy volunteers . Thereafter the subjects were orally water loaded with 20 ml /kg body weight within 30 min and b lood samples were taken 1 h later. All d a t a are given as mean ± s tandard error of the mean . Significance of differences was tested by the Student t-test.
Results Recovery experiments (n = 11) with physiological concentrations of synthetic arginine8-vasopressin added to different plasma samples prior to extraction showed a linear relationship between added and determined arginine8-vasopressin concentration with a mean recovery of 88 + 3%. Figure 1 illustrates a typical standard curve for the radioimmunoassay of arginine8-vasopressin with the 50% binding intercept (ED50) at 3.5 ng/1 and a lower detection limit (ED90) of 0.3 ng/1 (n = 8). Serial dilutions of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ml plasma paralleled the standard curve. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (n = 8) averaged 9.4%, the inter-assay coefficient of variation (n = 8) was
Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. / Vol. 30 ,1992 / N o . 4
Gerbes et al.: R a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y for arginine8-vasopressin 231 Plasma [ml]
o H 1 1 — i — i 1 1 1 — i —
0.0 0.1 0.6 1 2 5 20 50 80
Arg 8 -vasopressin [ng/ l ]
Fig. 1. Typical s t a n d a r d curve with a low detection limit (ED 9 0 = 0.3 ng/1, E D 5 0 = 3.5 ng/1 and E D l 0 = 58.1 ng/1). Serial d i lu t ions of p lasma paralleled the s t anda rd curve, conf i rming the accura te measurement of p lasma samples.
Fraction no.
Fig. 2. Coe lu t ion of arginine8-vasopressin immunoreact iv i ty of an ext rac ted p lasma sample with synthetic arginine8-vasopress in by reverse-phase high per formance liquid c h r o m a t o g r a p h y analysis, confirming the specificity of the assay.
15%. No cross-reactivity of the anti-arginine8-vaso-pressin antibody to ocytocin, atrial natriuretic peptide and angiotensin II could be observed. The cross-reactivity to lysine8-vasopressin was 3%. The nonspecific binding was less than 2%.
Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed coelution of immunoreactive arginine8-vasopressin with synthetic arginine8-vaso-pressin as a single peak (fig. 2). Central volume stimulation by 1 h head-out water immersion in 11 healthy subjects produced a significant drop (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.2 ng/1, p < 0.05) of arginine8-vasopressin plasma concentrations. In the recovery period, arginine8-vasopressin returned to baseline concentrations (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 + 0.3 ng/1, p < 0.05). Oral water loading of 8 healthy subjects significantly decreased arginine8-vasopressin plasma concentrations (2.0 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2 ng/1, p < 0.05) as well as plasma osmolality (282 + 5.5 vs. 274 ± 4.4 mosmol/kg, p < 0.05). Arginine8-vaso-pressin plasma concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma osmolality (r = 0.83, p < 0.01).
Discussion Due to the very low plasma concentration of arginine8-vasopressin and the presence of inadequately characterized interfering factors, the development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for arginine8-vasopressin has proved to be more difficult than for many other peptides (9). In contrast to a variety of less specific antisera raised for vasopressin determination (20 — 23), we used a highly specific one (16). Due to the specificity of this antibody (confirmed by cross-reactivity experiments and high performance liquid chromatography analysis), the extraction procedure was simpler than those reported previously for other methods. The usefulness of this Amberlite XAD 2 resin extraction procedure was confirmed by the linear relationship between added and measured arginine8-vasopressin concentration in the recovery experiments, as well as by a reliable mean recovery rate of 88%.
Tab. 1. Arginine8-vasopressin assays described by different au tho r s Au thor Lower detect ion E D 5 0 Mean Incuba t ion H P L C
limit recovery t ime analysis Bichel, D. G. (24) 0.5 ng/1 1.2 pg / tube* 102% 120 h + Bie, P. (25) 0.5 pg / tube* 8.5 pg / tube* 7 2 % -Bodola, K (26) 0.4 ng/1 4.6 ng/1 8 0 % 32 h -Durr, J. A. (27) 0.2 pg / tube* 5.0 pg / tube* 1 0 3 % 96 h -Fyhrquist, F. (10) 1.2 ng/1 8.3 ng/1 9 6 % 168 h — Gerbes, A. L. ( this paper ) 0.3 ng/1 3.5 ng/1 8 8 % 40 h + Husain, M. K. (11) 0.1 ng/1 0.8 ng/1 6 8 % 120 h -Keil, L. C. (28) 1.6 ng/1 4.2 pg / tube*
1.1 pg / t ube* 6 4 % 134 h -Robertson, G. L. (9) 0.5 ng/1 4.2 pg / tube* 1.1 pg / t ube* 9 6 % 168 h -
Ross, M. G. (29) 0.8 ng/1 4.0 ng/1 7 0 % -Samson, W. K. (16) 1.0 pg / tube* 25.0 pg / tube* 8 0 % 96 h -Skowsky, W. R. (14) 0.7 ng/1 10.8 ng/1 8 4 % 120 h
* where abso lu t e concent ra t ions could not be derived, d a t a are adop ted as specified in the cited publ icat ion
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232 Gerbes et al.: Rad io immunoassay for arginine8-vasopressin
The radioimmunoassay consistently yielded a detection limit of 0.3 ng/1 after only 2 x 20 h of incubation. In other methods, much longer incubation times are needed to obtain a comparably low detection limit (tab. 1). The present assay can therefore be considered as both highly sensitive, and more rapid than other assays. Arginine8-vasopressin immunoreactivity determined in plasma was characterized by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Immunoreactive arginine8-vasopressin was coeluted with synthetic arginine8-vasopressin as a single peak, confirming the specificity of the assay. Isoosmotic arginine8-vasopressin suppression by central volume stimulation during water immersion (30, 31) was clearly demonstrated in accordance with the findings of other groups, supporting the concept of
inhibition of arginine8-vasopressin secretion by acute atrial distension (32, 33). Hypoosmolality as an osmotic stimulus of arginine8-vasopressin suppression (9) was confirmed by a significant decrease of plasma arginine8-vasopressin concentrations and plasma osmolality after oral water loading. Both quantities were closely correlated. In conclusion, this radioimmunoassay for arginine8-vasopressin can be considered as highly sensitive, accurate and rapid, and it can be easily established in any suitably equipped laboratory.
Acknowledgements T h e technical assistance of M. Bauch is gratefully acknowledged. This s tudy was suppor ted by a g ran t from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaf t ( G E 576/2-2).
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Dr . A . L. Ge rbes M e d . Kl in ik II K l in ikum Großhadern Univers i ty of M u n i c h Marchioninistraße 15 W-8000 München Bundes repub l ik Deu t sch land
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