Download - Five-year Plans
FIVE-YEAR PLANS
Alejandra ZelayaGabriela Zaldívar
Central planningRole of Gosplan Features of the Five-years planForeign involvement.
ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS
Central Planning New base of soviet economy. State decided what would be produced and where it
would be allocated. Targets to reach!
Role of Gosplan
Set up in 1921 Calculate figure for targets.
Features of the Five-Year plans
Develop heavy industry in order to improve conditions.
“Autarky” Plans always a
year ahead. New industrial
centers E.g, Magnitorsk
Foreign involvement
Great involvement of foreign companies
Factor: Great depression
Henry Ford Create of Hope
First-1928-1932Second-1933-1937Third- 1938-1941
EVALUATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS
Evaluation 1928-1932
Emphasized heavy industry
New tractors.= mechanization
Weakness in other sectors
Actual output in 1927-1928 1932-33 targets in first version of plan 1932-33 targets in optimum version of plan
Coal (million tons) 35 68 75
Iron ore 6 15 19
steel 4 8 10
Evaluation 1933-1937
Emphasize in communications (railways)
Big projects such as Dniemprostroi dam
41/2 thousand enterprises.
Evaluation 1938-1941
Carried for only 31/2 years. Entry to 2nd World War. Emphasize in weapons.
ReactionRole of womenExpansion of the labour forcePositives and negatives
THE IMPACT ON THE WORKERS
Reaction
Working class and young workers enthusiastic. Volunteers for long-distance projects Dislike of NEP Attractive rewards.
Role of women New labour
source! 10 million women
entered workforce. Good at teaching
and medicine. 1930’s= 44% of
workforce HOWEVER there
was great inequality.
Expansion of the labour force
Requirement of the five-years plan.
Creation of proletariat of workers.
Peasants forced to become workers.
Less than 7% of workers where skilled
Problems within labour force and measures introduced
Reward payments. (bonuses.
Motivation for workers such as honors.
Training programs unsuccessful.
Propaganda to encourage productivity.Soviet propaganda poster, In the struggle
for Fuel and Metal produced in 1933. With the aim of spurring the workers to fulfill the five year plans.
Case Study: Alexei Stakhanov Did a record on
coal extraction 1935.
Started the “Stakhanovite movement”
New inspiration for workers, since they where able to see the great reward
Pressure of the managers
Labour shortages.
Raw material shortages.
Competition of military spending.
Impact on urban living standards Not managed to improve
living conditions. Lack of consumer goods
and food being rationed. Consumption decline. Cities growing with
200,000 people per MONTH.
“Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous”-Stalin
Case Study: Magnitogorsk Mining
industrial city
Created from scratch.
Iron and steel work.
Stalin’s objective
How successful were the Five-year plans for industry?
Successful Not successful Achieved substantial
growth of heavy industry.
Comparing to 1928 conditions USSR was looking better.
Clearly set the priorities necessary for the circumstances it had.
Targets achieved through bribery, corruption, major shortages and poor product quality.
Overcrowding increased due to peasant movement.
# major industries still behind.