Gerald SenentzINPRO Dialogue Forum on Roadmaps for a Transition to Globally Sustainable Nuclear Energy SystemsOctober 21st, 2015
France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System Present situation and perspectives
Contents
France’s fuel cycle
Achievements
Perspectives and scenario studies
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.2
58 reactors in operation, on 19 sites, all owned by EDF
A single technology: PWR (“Pressurized Water Reactor”)
3 standardized series : a major safety asset and an economic benefit
900 MWe: 34 units, 31 GWe1,300 MWe: 20 units, 26 GWe1,500 MWe: 4 units, 6 GWe
1 EPR unit under construction in Flamanville (FA3)
Installed power: 63 net GWe418 TWh produced (2014)75% of French electricity production
Gravelines
Chooz
Cattenom
Fessenheim
Bugey
St Alban
Cruas
Tricastin
PenlyPaluelFlamanville
St Laurent Dampierre
BellevilleChinon
Civaux
Blayais
Golfech
Nogent Seine
900MW 1300MW 1500MW EPR
The French Nuclear Reactor Fleet
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.3
Depleted Uranium
~120 t/yMOX
ERU
ENU~1050 t/y
Uranium miningand concentration
~ 8000 t/year
Conversion Enrichment~ 5.5 MUTS/year
58 NPPs22 with MOX4 with REPU
430 TWhe /year
YellowCake UF6
Near Surface Disposal
Enriched UF6
Fuel fabrication
Very low, low and intermediate
level waste
FuelAssemblies
Spent fuel 1200 t/y
Reprocessed Uranium(RU) Plutonium
GeologicalDisposal
UC-VUC-C
Reprocessing
The French Nuclear Fuel Cycle
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.4
Major industrial sitesof the Back End Fuel Cycle in France
TreatmentDismantling
DismantlingCadarache
La Hague
MOX Fabrication
Romans
Tricastin
Valognes
Marcoule
MELOX
Rail Terminal
Recycled uranium supply to the Front End BG
RecyclingLogistics
Dismantling
Front End BG
Valognes
MELOX
La Hague
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.5
The French Nuclear Fuel CycleNatural resource savings and used fuel management
Resource savings Valuable nuclear materials (U, Pu) are
recovered and recycledAbout 15% of French nuclear electricity today from recycled materials
Cumulated savings (2015): 25000 tons Resources kept out of the waste,
available for future developments
Unat annual savings (%)
Una
tann
ual s
avin
gs (%
)
Used fuel management Thanks to recycling, interim storage
is reduced by 19000 tons Reduction by a factor of 6 of present
accumulation rate
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.6
The French Nuclear Fuel CycleA major step towards sustainable energy
Treatment: Used fuel interim storage quantities divided by 6(1000 t/yr avoided), solution for damaged fuels 1200 t/yr of used fuels out of EDF reactors 1000 t/yr UOX recycled, ERU and MOX +200 t/yr in pools for ~430 TWh/yr Interim centralized storage for remaining used fuels, preventing reactor pools
saturation
Waste management: Conditioning HLW and ILW with the best available technologies No plutonium No more safeguards, no loss of self protection issue
Long term radiotoxicity divided by 10 Demonstrated long term behavior in storage and interim storage Reduced footprint: Optimized valorization of yet to come final geological disposal
(Rare Resources)
Contributions of AREVA’s Facilitiesto Global Nuclear Energy Sustainability
Providing Nuclear Fuel Cycle Management services Transportation and Interim storage, dry or wet, incl. for defective fuels Treatment and recycling Precycling and TOP-MOX Returning HLW and ILW (Vitrified and Compacted waste)
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.8
The Netherlandsor how to use recycling to reduce risks?
2103
Situation
17 M inhabitants, 110TWh1 reactor, shut-down 20341 storage facility : HABOG
Ambitions / Challenges
Strategy : Surface storage 100 yearsResponsible managementPublic acceptanceChoice of the recycling
Precycling
No safeguards, no corrosion, no leakage, no safety issue, high public acceptance
AREVA solution
2003 2023 2043 2063 2083 2103
Safe long term storage of glass canisters (>100 years) has a major value
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.9
Contributions of AREVA’s Facilitiesto the Global Nuclear Energy Sustainability
Leveraging technical capability to support international projects
Building facilities and expertise preparing the future 70 tons of MOX fuels have been processed at La Hague
industrial demonstration on UP2-800, 2 MTHM/d demonstrated on existing facilities TCP projects at La Hague, designed for specific reactor fuels (research reactors,
MOX, FR…) ASTRID sodium fast neutron reactor project,
with its fuel fabrication and fuel treatment facilities
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.10
Sustainability targets for the nuclear industry…and the contribution of recycling
Public
Government
Recycling helps or is required to reach some of those targets (energy independence, limited environmental impact…)Other targets are criteria of success (safety, no impact on health, competitivity…)
SociallyResponsible
Environment Friendly
Economically Robust
Fully mastered risk,no impact on health
Employment and wellness
Energy independenceFully mastered riskControlled nuclear
material
Limited waste and releases
Limited CO2 emissions
Low CO2 emissionsLimited waste and
releases
Competitive price
Price acceptable for the public and the industry,
Positive impact on commercial balance
NuclearOperators
Safety First!Local development
Limited environmental impact of the whole
supply chain
Competitive compared with alternative
sourcesPredictable cost
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.11
Back End – General Presentation – May 20, 2015 - p.12
Next stepsAREVA – CEA – EDF Scenarios Studies
Based on reactor fleet comprised of PWR and SFRA specific improvement targeted in each stepA schedule determined as a result of the study to comply with constraintsand obejctivesPhase-out (feasibility, performances…) studied for each step
FR fuel Fabrication
«UP4» (used MOX) « UP5 » (used FR fuels)
Industrial Scénarios - AREVA CEA EDFa step by step approach, driven by Objectives
Time
63 GWe
~2090
ASTRIDAFC
LH
MELOX
~2050
~ Constant installed power
~2040
FR
StabilizationUsed UOX
20 ansLWR
StabilizationUsed LWR MOX
StabilizationUsed fuels / Pu inventories
-3
Recycling UOxRecycling LWRUOX and MOX
Recycling all fuelsPu MultirecyclingIn LWR and FR
100% MOX
Energy Independence
Used fuel t/yr1200200~500
Goals
Fuel CycleFacilities
Fuel CycleFacilities
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.13
Effectiveness on Waste Management and Natural Resources issues - Preliminary results
INPRO Dialogue Forum 21 Oct. 2015 – France’s Assets for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy System - p.14
420 TWh/y nuclear fleet Open cycle LWR
MonorecycleLWR
Bi-recyclage LWR-FR
Nuclearmaterials
FR share(Gwe %) 0% 0% 5%
Pu net production
(t/y)+10,5 +7,5 +7
Used fuels amount (t/y) +1000 UOX +160 MOX+
Reprocessed U
+100 FR-MOX+Reprocessed
U
Repositoryfootprint
HLW Footprint(m²/TWh)
490 150 170
Used fuel footprint (m²/TWh)
- 0 - 180 0 - 120
Global footprint(m²/TWh)
490 150 - 330 170 - 290
Thank you !