French RevolutionFrench Revolution
1789-18151789-1815
Preview to the French Revolution
Inspired by……*American Revolution(1776-1783): Why? What was their purpose of fighting? (See last Chapter 10: Sec. 4
Handout
Short Clip on the American Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wjfrexe
61XI
Take notes on how the Revolution came about
Difference between the RevolutionsFrench Revolution more
complex: Violent, radical, and established a new political and social order
Longer and more complicated
Why did the people of France revolt?
Read background to the revolution
Create a list of the reasons
Be ready to explain why the reasons you choose were significant to revolt
Background to the Revolution
French People rebelled because……
A. Inequality within their society• Three Estates
1.1. Clergy:Clergy: A. 130,000 in population
B. Owned 10% of the land C. Exempt from taxes D. Class split: Higher clergy sided
with nobilitypoor parish priests
sided with commoners.
2. Nobility 350,000 in population Owned 25-30% of the land Held many of leading positions in
the government, military, law courts, and high church
Exempt from taxes Held privileges Expand power at the expense of
the king
3. Commoners 75-80% of the population Divided within by education, occupation,
and wealth Owned 35-40% of the land, but most had
none Most were still tied to land by “Feudalism” Some were artisans(skilled labor)
Con’t Commoners Bourgeoisie: middle class
– 8% of the population
– Owned 20-25% of the land
– Included: Merchants, lawyers, bankers, doctors, held public offices, writers
– Double edge sword: Some lived like nobility, while others were peasants.
– Both wanted to Rebel!
B. Financial Crisis Bad Harvests Food shortages Inflation (prices rise): WHY? Unemployment 1/3 of the population is poor Money goes to War, King Louis XVI
luxuries, etc.
Snap shot of the French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IF4lPW
U_qxY&feature=related
Last Straw King Louis XVI
needed to raise taxes Calls for the Estates to
meet at Versailles
First and Second Estate decide to form a Constitutional Monarchy and each get one vote
Third estate is not happy. Knows first and second estate will join together.
They separate and make the National Assembly
Create a new constitution and the Tennis Court Oath
Smart Start:
What situations or events are allowing the revolution to be taking place?
Now, Would the King be Happy? King sent out reinforcement to get the
rebellious Third Estate
But the peasants beat him to the punch:
– Stormed the Bastille(pg. 328) (Loaded with weapons and was a prison)
– Took it down brick by brick
– Started the Great Fear
Down with the King and on with Man!National Assembly adopted:
–Declaration of the Rights of Man (page 332 and 336)
•What did this copy?
•Who did it refer to?
Women take charge and DEMAND!!!!!
Women storm the Palace of Versailles and demand the King and Queen to feed their children
Up to this point, the King and Queen ignored all that was going on
The women forced the royal family back to Paris and from this point on they became prisoners of the revolution
Church attacked as well National Assembly in need of money Seizes all lands of the Church and sells Forced to create a new constitution that
stated:
– Officials of the church are to be elected by the people
– They were then to be paid by the state which made the Government in control of religion
New Constitution, Fear, War lead closer to the end of King
N. A. developed Constitution of 1791:
Limited monarchy (King would be a figure and new government would make the laws)
Officials would be elected (those only who paid specific amount in taxes and over 25)
By 1791,old order gone, but some were still not happy and felt left behind
King Louis made things hard and tried to flee Paris.
Other countries feared revolution in their countries, so they attacked France
War declared on France: 1792
“ Everywhere you hear the cry that the king is betraying us, the generals are betraying us, that nobody can be trusted…that Paris will be taken in six weeks by the Austrians…we are on a volcano ready to spout flames” –Observer of the revolution
More Change of Power: People unhappy about the war People were starving, defeated, and
miserable Created the Paris Commune
–Took the King Captive–Called themselves “ordinary
patriots without fine clothes.–Wanted the right to vote–Most were the elite of their
neighborhoods
Power in demand…so is blood! People call for the head of King Louis
16th
Want to end the old regime Jean Paul Marat: Newspaper editor
“Friend of the people” enflames peoples hatred for the elite, clergy, and king.
He himself is murdered (Charlotte Corday) in 1793
Head of the king does not solve the problems Factions develop: These are dissenting
groups of previous revolutionary groups who take matters into own hands
Could not decide whether or not to kill the king– A. Mountain (represented radicals in Paris)– B. Girondins (represented provinces outside of
Paris)
Read aloud the fate of King Louis XVI (pg. 338)
More problems arise
Favoritism Refusal of the new rule and power European monarchs(Prussia, Austria,
Spain, Portugal, Britain, and Netherlands) outraged at the King’s death
Committee of Public Safety developed in response to invasion
The Call for EVERYONES head! Reign of Terror (1793-1794) Maxmilien Robsepierre gains power (page
338) Wipe out those who opposed the new
regime Close to 40,000 were put to the guillotine Could be anyone (Read page 340: Crushing
Rebellion) Revolution gets out of control
Republic of Virtue?
Read with a partner “The Republic of Virtue” pg. 320
What changes were being made? Were they positive or negative? What do you think will happen next?
What about the Young People in France during this time?
Read out loud with partner Young People page 340-341
Nation in Arms and the Directory
French government raised a huge army to defend itself
Napoleon in charge and successful
Creates a sense of Nationalism (Pride in ones country)
Down with Robspierre
Robspierre beheaded
Directory is formed…..But what is it?
Read the last red heading on page 342 to find out. Take own notes.
Video: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo
NAPOLEON RISES TO POWER!
Complete the sequence chart on page 351 for tomorrow
You can also be working on your stories and final exam study guide!