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PRESENTED BY:
HITESH GUPTA
th
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CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDEDSYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS
MICROCONTROLLER PIC
HISTORY OF PIC
PIN DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS
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Content Cont
OrCad
Orcad design flow
Orcad Capture(Schematic Design) Selecting footprints
Orcad layout plus
Task Involved in Layout Design
Layout
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Introduction
An embedded controller isa controller (or computer)that is embedded intosome device for some
purpose other than toprovide general purposecomputing
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Characteristics
Perform a single set of functions.
Works in a time constrained environment.
Provides high-performance and reliability
Mostly Embedded systems have low cost
because they are mass produced in millions.
Some Embedded systems have mechanical
moving parts like disk drives as they are lessreliable as compared to solid state parts suchas Flash memory.
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Introduction
Microcontrollers aresingle chip computer.
Peripheral InterfaceController fromMicrochip Technology
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History of PIC
The 8-bit PIC was developed in 1975 to improveperformance of the overall system
The Microchip 16C84 (PIC16x84), introduced in1993
It was called as a EPROM memory on a chip
It was refer as internal memory controller.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC16x84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC16x84 -
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FEATURES OF PIC c
They are RISC processors and usesHarvard architecture.
Different bus widths of data andprogram memory.
Only 35 instructions.
Most instructions take 0.2 microsecondsto execute when operated at 20 MHz.
Instruction set is highly orthogonal.
1-3 Timers with 8/16 bit prescalar.
Watch Dog timer (WDT)
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13-33 I/O pins.
3-12 interrupt Sources.
4/8 Channel, 8 bit on chip ADC.
Power on Reset. (POR)
Brown out Reset (BOR).
Capture/Compare/ PWM modules.
USART
Synchronous serial port (SSP) withSPI and I2C.
Features Contd
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Microprocessorvs.Microcontroller
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN P & C
CPU RAM ROM
I/O TIMER SERIAL
COM
PORT
CPU
General
purpose
uP
RAM ROM I/O TIMERSERIAL
COMPORT
Address Bus
Data Bus
Microprocessor Micro-controller
1. Contains no on chip RAM, ROM, I/O,
TIMER, Serial port .
1. Contains on chip RAM, ROM, I/O,
TIMER, Serial port .
2. Used in General Purpose applications 2. Used in Specific Purpose applications
3. Dont provide data storage facility. 3. Provides data storage facility.
4. The structure of uP is as given below 4. The structure of uC is as given below
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PIN DIAGRAM
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I/o Ports
Port A RA0 to RA4 ( 5 lines) (Address 05) RA4has alternate function. TRISA(85H)is SFR usedto configure these lines individually as either
inputs or outputs. Setting bit in TRIS willconfigure as input and 0 will configure asoutput.
Port BRB0 to RB7(8 lines).TRISBIt has weakinternal pull up which is to be enabled . PORdisables pull ups.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PIC C
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PIC Architecture
ALU Size is 8 bit Performs operations withtemporary working register and (W register)and any register file.
W register8 bit wide. It contains one of sourceoperands during execution of instruction andmay serve as the destination for the result ofoperation. Used only for ALU operations.
STATUS Register
C = Carry Bit
DC = Digits Carry (Same as AC)
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Architecture Contd..
Z = Zero
TO = Reset status bit ( Time out bit)
PD = Reset status bit ( Power down)These bits
are used along with SLEEP mode. After comingout from SLEEP processor checks these bits todetermine which kind of event is responsiblefor bringing out of SLEEP mode.
RP0 = Register Bank Select bit.If 0 selectsbank 0 otherwise bank 1.
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Architecture Contd..
FSR Register (File Selection Register) FSR is apointer used for indirect memory addressing inthe whole register file. In indirect addressing
mode one has to write address byte in FSR andthen use INDF ( Indirect thro FSR).INDF isused in instruction.
PCLATH (PC Latch)
Can be independently read or written like anyother register.
Its different from PC and is separate entity.
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Applications
Telecom
Mobile phone systems (handsets and base stations), Modems,Routers
Automotive applicationsBraking systems, Traction control, Airbag release systems, Engine-
management units, Steer-by-wire systems, Cruise controlapplications
Domestic appliances
Dishwashers, Televisions, Washing machines, Microwave ovens,
Video recorders, Security systems, Garage door controllers,
Calculators, Digital watches, VCRs, Digital cameras, Remote
controls, Treadmills.
Robotic
Fire fighting robo, Automatic floor cleaner, Robotic arm
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Applications
Aerospace applicationsFlight control systems, Engine controllers, Autopilots, Passenger in-flight
entertainment systems
Medical equipmentAn aesthesia monitoring systems, ECG monitors, Pacemakers,
Drug delivery systems, MRI scanners
Defense systemsRadar systems, Fighter aircraft flight control systems, Radio systems,
Missile guidance systems
Office AutomationLaser printers, Fax machines, Pagers, Cash registers, Gas pumps,
Credit/Debit card readers, Thermostats, Grain analyzers
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OrCAD Layout
OrCADSmartroute
Or CAD
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Orcad design flow
Capture
Libraries
Footprintlibraries
Layout
Gerber
tools
Gerber
and drill
files
Gerber and
plotter
drawing
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Orcad Capture(Schematic Design)
Schematic diagram provides the functional flow and thegraphical representation of an electronic circuit
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Selecting footprints
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Orcad layout plus
PCB design environment for orcad design flow
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Task Involved in Layout Design
Design template selection
Selecting foot prints for different components
Setting up board parameters like
grid,place,layers etc. Placing parts using reconnect mode
Routing the pcb using online DRC
Copper pouring of entire design
Post processing and generation of gerber data
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LAYOUT
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