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Industrialization
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The “Steel Horse”
• Five main lines• Great Northern• Northern Pacific• Central/Union Pacific• Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe• Southern Pacific
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Significance and impact.
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A double-edged sword??
+++++++’s• Speed and mobility.• Town growers.• Populating the West.• Creation of
corporations.• Employment of
thousands.• Time
------------’s• Led to the
destruction of Native-American culture in the Plains.
• Creation of Trusts etc. (greed)
• Buffalo• Exploitation of
Chinese and Irish
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Stanford and Carnegie
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Personalities
• Railroads, banking, inventions, oil and steel.
Business practices directed at maintaining a monopoly:
• “stock watering”, bribery, cutthroat tactics, “pool”, “interlocking directorates”, vertical/horizontal integration, trust, interlocking directorates….
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Rockefeller and Morgan
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“Greed is Good”
• Rags to riches stories. Horatio Algier. Poor Henry.
• Gospel of Wealth• Social Darwinism• Deepening class struggles and the
division of wealth.• Becoming “fertile ground”
for-----????
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Government attempts at Regulation.
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.• Regulate the railroads. Prohibited
rebates and pools. • Publish rates openly. No discrimination.• Created the Interstate Commerce
Commission.Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890• Attempt to curb monopolies.No restraint
of trade. Ineffectual due to loopholes.
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Impact of Industrialization
• Industry moves to the South.• Immigrants, the poor, women and
children.
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Labor fights back
The Union.Union weapons:• strike, boycott, walkout, “closed-
shop”.Corporate weapons:• “scabs”, strikebreakers, police and the
courts, lockouts, “yellow-dog contracts”, blacklists, company towns.
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Early Labor Movement
National Labor Union (1866) Won the 8 hour day for gov’t
workers. Hurt by the depression of the 1870’s.
Knights of Labor“An injury to one is the concern of
all.” Allowed skilled and unskilled labor.
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Haymarket Square Bombing--1886
• IWPA strike in Chicago.. 8-hr day
• Protest rally—anarchists.• Bomb explodes killing
several and wounding over 100.
• Eight arrested. 4 hung.• Justice???• "The day will come when
our silence will be more powerful than the voices you are throttling today."
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Homestead Strike--1892
• Carnegie and steel.
• Reformer in his own eyes….
• Economic downturn.
• Violence…
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Pullman Strike -1894
• American Railway Union.
• Federal angle.• Eugene V. Debs
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American Federation of Labor
• Samuel Gompers• Self-governing national unions.• Sought better working conditions,
pay and hours.• Very effective.• Only allowed skilled labor.• Labor Day, 1894
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Bertrand Russell
• “Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal to the sacred principles of liberty, which are embodied in one maxim: The fortunate must not be restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the unfortunate”
• Assess the validity of this quote using the provided documents and your knowledge of the time period 1870-1900.
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Bertrand Russell
• “Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal to the sacred principles of liberty, which are embodied in one maxim: The fortunate must not be restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the unfortunate.”
• Assess the validity of this quote using the provided documents and your knowledge of the time period 1870-1900.