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IPOH SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION

Ipoh is the capital city of Perak Darul Ridzuan. It is approximately 200 km north

of Kuala Lumpur on the North-South Expressway. The official population as in 2007 is

710,798. Ipoh developed into one of Malaysia's main cities around the turn of the 19th

century due to the booming tin mining industry. During the British colonial era, Ipoh

was Malaysia's second city for administrative purposes. There are several notable buildings

from the British Colonial era such as the railway station and the town hall. The population of

Ipoh is majority 70% of Chinese origin. As the capital of Perak Darul Ridzuan, Ipoh isthe administrative center, commercial, sporting, cultural, financial, political, religious and

educational.

Figure 1.0: Ipoh Map (Google Satellite view)


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This report will evaluate the sustainability around Ipoh town. The evaluation will be

based on urban design, biodiversity, waste, eco footprint, employment, transport, education,

healthcare, green space, climate changes, food, economy, recycling and air quality.

1.0) Urban Design

Picture : Ipoh building architecture

Ipoh town buildings are influenced from British tradisonal design including the

architecture and landscaping. This town arrangement, appearance and functionality of towns

and cities expecially in city center are good beacause of the building is just near to each

others. Most of the building function is for office and business use.

Picture : Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh (MBI) landscaping

For Ipoh landscaping design; the outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental

and socio-behavioral is in the good rating. MBI field is the best place to describe about the


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landscaping. This place where the citizen gather if there is any activities or event around

Ipoh, besides this is the center of Ipoh town.

2.0) Biodiversity

Picture : IpohA boganville city

Ipoh is a city with a rich diversity of biological resources. Ipoh has a number of

reacreation park such as Taman Dr. Senivasagam and Ipoh padang for the citizen to play

and enjoy its beauty, it also has important role in ecosystem function to recycle the water,

stabilizing climate and soilfertility. Besides arround of the town there are a lot of trees, and

flowers covering the land, wish is good for the environment. Picture below shown a tree with

a lot of birds at Ipoh Padang and the second picture is Ipoh river crose the Ipoh city.

Picture : Ipoh Padang and Ipoh River

3.0) WasteMunicipal wastes are managed by Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh or MBI and human waste

are manage by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK). MBI will collect the trash or municipal

waste every two days per week for every place in the town however IWK will manage their


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work at every house yearly. Their service can be evaluate as moderate services because of

sometime the trash will produce bad smell which is no good for the people around, this can

be avoided by collect the waste three to four time per week. MBI also provide garbash bin

around the Ipoh town to the citize (as in the first two picture below), however minority of the

citizen dont have the good awareness about cleanliness. They just throw the rubbish on the

road and etc.

Figure : Garbage Bin

Figure : Behavior minority of Ipoh citizen

4.0) Eco FootprintThere are about 710 000 population of Ipoh, however Ipoh doesnt have the source in

the Ipoh town to supply the fresh food such as fish and also the agriculture. Alternatively the

fresh food will be imported from the other district of Perak such as Manjung, same thing goes

to the agriculture source. For the land use, Ipoh has a lot of green space because of the high

total area of Ipoh are high, besides the new construction site are in slow rate, as the effect the

percentage of green space are very high. In addition the suburbs area they are a lot of green

space for the environmental activities such as tree planting.


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5.0) Employment

Ipoh town citizen are employment based on business and for the suburb citizen are

industrial bases. Ipoh city center consist a lot of shops and a few numbers of housing area,

besides suburb are plenty of housing area with. People from suburbs going to the city center

to get job with government agencies or private sectors, this is a good social environment for a

developing cities.

6.0) Transport

Ipoh is located 200 km from Kuala Lumpur. There are a few ways transit from KualaLumpur to Ipoh; by car, bus, flight and train. Its take about 2 hours and 30 minutes travel by

car. Medan Gopeng is the main bus terminal in Ipoh, this is the place where all the buses pick

up and drop off passenger from and to all over Peninsular Malaysia. The alternative ways

travel to Ipoh is by train. Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) provides two type of train

from Kuala Lumpur to Ipoh; Train Shuttel and Electronic Train Service (ETS). Train Shuttle

is the conventional train cost about RM22 per person in three hours duration, four trips daily,

furthermore ETS will take only two hours duration and RM30 per person in five trips daily.

The last option is, travel to Ipoh is by flight, a few flight operators are operating at Sultan

Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Terminal in Ipoh. Generally, ETS is the best way to use to move in

and out from Ipoh, it is cheap (economic) easy to access, time saving (social), environmental

friendly to the users.

Most of Ipoh citizen are using car and motorbike to transit from one place and

minority as Ipoh citizen are using bicycles as their transportation. Shuttle bus and taxi

services is the only public transportation in Ipoh, this is the way for Ipoh citizen who do not


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have own transport to travel and commuter within the Ipoh area. The bus and taxi are using

distance rate. From my observation the bus services in Ipoh can consider as bad because of

there is no time schedule for the bus service, and the bus conductor are not friendly to the

customer, and most of the bus is old bus and it produce bad smoke from the exzos.

Most o the road in Ipoh are asphalt pavement and only few road in Ipoh are using

rigid pavement. The road condition in Ipoh can consider as good because of the maintenance

service by Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia Ipoh branch. As a conclusion transportation in Ipoh

can consider as good except of the shuttel bus services.

Transportation : Buses, Shuttel train, ETS, bicycle, Car and Shuttel bus

7.0) Education

Ipoh is a wide area with the high population of people, therefore a lot of school are

required to cater the increasing of people especially children from age 4 until 19 years old to

get the formal education. Kindergartens, primary school, secondary school and college are

the formal education serve in Ipoh town. Besides government school such as SMK Anderson,

SMK Teknik Lebuh Cator and SK Tarsiciont Convent, international school also available at

the center of Ipoh town. The location of the school are very strategic because of parent can

drop their children while on the way the to work.


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For higher education there is a few private institution are located in Ipoh such as

Cosmopoint, Royal Collage of Medical and etc, some of the collage provide the hostel for the

students. This will attract people to study and live in Ipoh. As a conclusion the education

institution in Ipoh not just for Ipoh citizen, but it is also for people outside from Ipoh

especially for secondary and higher education.

Higher education institution at Ipoh :Cosmopoint and Royal Collage of Medical

8.0) Healthcare

Figure : Private hospital around Ipoh town.

As capital city of Perak, Ipoh provide a lot of health centre around the town. The

servis is not only for ipoh citizen, however its for people around the Perak state. This is

because most of the hospital in Ipoh town is the speciallist hospital, which is not provided at

the other district of Perak state. Map below shown the health centre in Ipoh town, there are

seven government and private hospital located around Ipoh (pink cloude is the location of

hospital).


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Map: location of Healthcare center at Ipoh town.

Figure : Goverment HospitalHospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun

9.0) Green Space

Picture : Ipoh recreation area

Although Ipoh town are full with the building, there is a lot of other space. The total

area of 643 km2

, there are a lot of recreation are in Ipoh town that can be as green space at

Ipoh. This space is the place of the natural habitat, stabilizing climate, surface runoff and etc

to balancing the ecosystem.


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10.0) Climate changesIpoh features a tropical rainforest climate. Temperatures show little variation

throughout the year. The city's average temperature is 27 degrees Celsius. Ipoh sees high

precipitation throughout the year, averaging 2340 mm of rain per year. The wettest month is

November where on average 320 mm of rain is seen. Ipoh's driest month is February which

sees 70 mm of rain fall on average. Factors that can shape climate are climate forcings. These

include such processes as variations in solar radiation, deviations in the

Earth's orbit, mountain-building and continental drift, and changes in greenhouse

gas concentrations.

Climate data for IpohMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high C 35 36 36 36 37 36 36 36 35 35 33 35 37

Average high C 32 33 33 33 33 33 32 32 32 31 31 31 32

Average low C 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

Record low C 17 17 17 20 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 18 17

Precipitation cm (inches) 20

(7.9)

7

(2.8)

19

(7.5)

21

(8.3)

15

(5.9)

9

(3.5)

18

(7.1)

17

(6.7)

22

(8.7)

27

(10.6)

32

(12.6)

22

(8.7)

234

(92.1)

Ipoh yearly local Weather:January 10, 2010 through January 10, 2011


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11.0) Food

As far as chinese cuisine is concern, Ipoh has the best choice. There is a lot of chinese

stall around the Ipoh. If we google the word Ipoh Food, there is a lot of blog people far

from Ipoh wrote about Ipoh food, they come to get the food around the Ipoh town. Besides

there is also a lot of Malay cuisine available around Ipoh town. As conclusion, food are one

of economic contribution at Ipoh.

12.0) Economy

Picture : Shop and Office lot around Ipoh

As mention above, Ipoh town are based on business oriented. They are plenty of shop

lot in the Ipoh town. Ipoh doesnt have huge land for agriculture, but most of the land are use

to build building to do business, hotel and office. Besides, Ipoh is a heritage town because of

a lot of British building still exists until now, tourist will come to Ipoh in short period before

they go to other place to enjoy the Ipoh heritage. A lot of hotel around Ipoh are provided tothe tourist. This can be conclude Ipoh economy depend on tourism.


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Picture : Ipoh heritage (Railway station and High Court)

13.0) RecyclingIpoh citizen are lack with the recycle awareness. This is maybe happened because of

the stste government dose not run the recycle campaign. Only in certain areas are practicing

recycle program. On the other hand there is no recycle bin found in the town.

14.0) Air qualityIpoh air quality can be measure at the moderate condition except at the industrial area. In Ipoh

city center the air pollution is contribute by transportation, bus is the heights contribution because ofmost of the bus in Ipoh is the old bus. It will produce bad smoke which is not good for human. The

industrial area in Ipoh also will produce bad smoke, however some of the location of factories are

near with the housing area wish is also dangerous to the people and environment surrounding.

CONCLUSION

Ipoh cannot be classified as sustainable town because of the social, economy and

environmental aspect are not balance. There is a lot of thing can be make to improve the Ipoh town to

be more sustainable to reach a green and sustainable town.

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