Download - Lecture 9 2015.Pptx
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Relative Sweetness
Sucrose = 1
Lactose = 0.2
Maltose = 0.4
Glucose = 0.7 Fructose = 1.5
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Duodenum
Bile ductfrom liver Stomach
Hormones
(insulin,glucagon)
Blood
Exocrine portion
of pancreas
Duct cells Acinar cells
Endocrine portion
of pancreas(islets of Langerhans)
To pancreatic duct
and duodenum
Duct cells (secrete aqueousNaHCO3
solution)
Acinar cells
(secrete digestive
enzymes)
Enzymes
NaHCO3
Secretory vesicles
Exocrine and
Endocrine Pancreasand Starch breakdown
Amylase
Location of brush
border enzymes.
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Digestion and
absorption in thesmall intestine
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Fiber & Digestive Tract Health
Diverticulosis- bulging pockets form in colon trying to
eliminate small, hard stools
Soluble Fiber: Health Benefits
Lowers cholesterol
Soluble fiber binds with bile
"(re)absorption of bile acids
#hepatic cholesterol!bile acids
#LDL uptake by liver
Delays rise in blood glucose
Fiber in food trapsnutrients
Delays nutrient absorption
Stabilizes blood sugar levels
AHA recommends 10-25 g of soluble fiber daily
In the small intestine,bile emulsifies fats
Bile reabsorbedinto the blood
In the liver,bile ismade from
cholesterol
In the g allbladder,bile is stored
In the colon, bile that hasbeen trapped by viscousfibers is lost in feces
Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile
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Food Soluble Fiber (g) Total Fiber (g)
Apple (1 med) 1 4
Apricots (1 c) 2 4
Broccoli or Carrots (1/2 c) 1 3
Bread, white 0.5 1
Bread, whole wheat 0.5 2
Brussels sprouts (1/2 c) 3 4.5
Cereals (high fiber) 2-3 6-10
Citrucel (1 scoop) 2 2
Grapefruit (1 med) 2 3
Kidney beans (1/2 c) 3 6
Metamucil (1 tsp.) 2.4 3
Oatmeal (1/3 c) 1 3
Orange (1 med) 2 3
Pinto beans (1/2 c) 2 7
Prunes (1/2 c) 3 6
Soluble Fiber Content of Common Foods
Carbohydrate
Recommendations RDA: 130 g/day
AMDR: 45 to 65% of energy
AI for fiber:
38g/day for 19-50 year old adult men
25g/day for 19-50 year old adult women
Whole Grains versus Refined
GrainsWhole or unrefined grains
contain: Bran layers: good source of fiber and
vitamins
Germ: good source of vegetable oilsand vitamin E
Endosperm: contains starch andsome protein
Processing: removes bran and germ
Loss of nutrients
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Whole kernel rye bread
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ATP Synthase
ATPSynthaseAT
PSynth
ase
ATP is produced in mitochondria
Pyruvate is metabolized to acetyl-CoA,
which then enters the citric acid cycle.
NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Which molecule of the
Nicotinamide is reduced ?
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How Many ATPS are generated by Aerobic Respiration
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Duodenum
Bile ductfrom liver Stomach
Hormones
(insulin,glucagon)
Blood
Exocrine portion
of pancreas
Duct cells Acinar cells
Endocrine portion
of pancreas(islets of Langerhans)
To pancreatic duct
and duodenum
Duct cells (secrete aqueousNaHCO3
solution)
Acinar cells
(secrete digestive
enzymes)
Enzymes
NaHCO3
Secretory vesicles
Exocrine and
Endocrine Pancreasand Starch breakdown
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Central weight
Sedentary lifestyle
"HDL and/or #TG
Non-Caucasian
racial or ethnic group
(American Indian/
Alaskan Native, African
American, Hispanic)
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Word/concept List
Insoluble fiber
Amylase
Anaerobic respirationGlycogenGlucagon
Disaccharide
FructoseGluconeogenesis
Type 2 diabetesEnterohepatic circulation
Glycemic response