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INTRODUCTION OFMEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY Wijoyo Halim
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Why Study Med Terminology?
• Because it is based mainly on Greekand Latin words, medical terminologyis consistent and uniform throughoutthe world
• Ecient, !ast
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• " prefx is a short word #artadded before a root to modify its
meaning• $ndicated by a dash after the
#re%&, such as pre-
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• " s!x is a short word #art orseries of #arts added at the end
of a root to modify its meaning• $ndicated by a dash before the
su&, such as -itis'
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Com"i#i#$ Form
• (oots shown with a combining !owelare called %om"i#i#$ &orms'
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TheGreek
word )kardia
heart
(oot )cardi
The Latinword )
pulmo
lung
(oot ) pulm
Greekroot
ne#hr
the Latinroot ren
*sed inwords
#ertainingto
the kidney
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• The root scler means +hard but may
also a##ly to the white of the eye'
• Cyst means +a %lled sac or #ouch
but also refers s#eci%cally to theurinary bladder'
•
-ou will sometimes ha!e to considerthe conte&t of a word beforeassigning its meaning'
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• .om#ound words contain more thanone root' The words eyeball, bedpan,
frostbite, and wheelchair aree&am#les'
•
Some com#ound medical words arecardiovascular /#ertaining to theheart and blood !essels0, urogenital
/#ertaining to the urinary andre#roducti!e systems0, andlymphocyte /a white blood cell foundin the lym#hatic system0'
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Word 1eri!ations
• Most medical word #arts come fromGreek /G0 and Latin /L0'
• 2or e&am#le, muscle comes from aLatin word that means +mousebecause the mo!ement of a muscleunder the skin was thought to
resemble the scam#ering of amouse'
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• The coccy&, the tail end of thes#ine, is named for the cuckoo
because it was thought to resemblethe cuckoo3s bill'
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• " !owel /a, e, i, o, u0 gets a short#ronunciation if it has no#ronunciation mark o!er it, such as) – a as in hat
– e as in met
– i as in bin
– o as in some – u as in run
'ro##%ia(io#
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• " short line o!er the !owel gi!es it along #ronunciation)
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• When #ronunciations are included ina te&t, it is sometimes dicult toknow which #ronunciation of a term
to use'• 4ronunciations may !ary from
country to country, e!en in di5erent
regions of the same country'
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• The word gynecology is usually#ronounced with a hard g in the
*nited States, but in many areas asoft g is used, as in 6in7e789L7:76;'
• Words #ertaining to the cerebrum
/largest #art of the brain0 may ha!ean accent on di5erent syllables'
• The ad6ecti!e is usually #ronouncedwith the accent on the second syllable/se7(E7bral0, but in cerebrum /SE(7e7brum0 and cerebros#inal /ser7e7bro<7S4$<nal0, the accented syllable di5ers'
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)o&( a#* Har* c a#* g
• " soft c, as in racer , will be written as s/RᾹ-ser 0'
• " hard c, as in candy , will be written as k/KAN-d0'
• " soft g, as in page, will be written as !/ p" !0'
• " hard g, as in grow, will be written as g
/gr#0'
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Wor*s E#*i#$ I# x
• When a word ending in $ has a su&
added, the $ is changed to a g or a c'• 2or e&am#le, pharyn$ /throat0 becomes pharyngeal /fa-R%N-!-al0, to mean+#ertaining to the throat=
• Coccy$ /terminal #ortion of the!ertebral column0 becomes coccygeal/kok-&%'--al0, to mean +#ertaining to
the coccy&=• (hora$ /chest0 becomes thoracotomy
/thor-a-K)(-#-me0 to mean +an incision
into the chest'
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Su&es Beginning With rh
• When a su& beginning with rh isadded to a root, the r is doubled)
• hem>o /blood0 +r,a$e /burstingforth0 @ hemorrhage /a bursting forthof blood0
• men>o /menses0 +r,ea /Aow,
discharge0 @ menorrhea /menstrualAow0
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4re%&
• " 4re%& is a short word #art
added before a word or wordroot to modify its meaning
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Su&
• " su& is a word ending that modi%es
a root' " su& may indicate that theword is a noun or an ad6ecti!e andoften determines how the de%nition of
the word will begin'
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oun Su&es
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"d6ecti!e Su&es
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"d6ecti!e Su&es
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