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Perilaku Monyet Ekor Panjang
Kyes – Univ. of Washington
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Order: Primates
Sub-order: Anthropoids
Old World Monkeys (OWM)
Genus: Macaca
Macaca fascicularis
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Social OrganizationSocial Organization - a broad term that includes a variety of
aspects of the social group including:
- group size
- group composition
- mating arrangements
- spacing among individuals
- social structure
© R. KYES
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Social Organization
- group size - total number of animals in the group (Mf: 10s-100)*
- group composition
- mating arrangements
- spacing among individuals
- social structure
* 217 (Kosumpee, Thailand)
(Kyes, Kyes, et al, 2017)
© R. KYES
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Social Organization
- group size
- group composition – number of animals of each age/sex class(Mf: multi-male / multi-female and age-graded offspring)
- mating arrangements
- spacing among individuals
- social structure
© R. KYES
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Social Organization
- group size
- group composition
- mating arrangements - who mates with whom (Mf: polygamous-males/females have multiple partners)
- spacing among individuals
- social structure
© R. KYES
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Social Organization
- group size
- group composition
- mating arrangements
- spacing among individuals - Mf: maintain cohesive groups
- social structure
© R. KYES
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Social Organization
- group size
- group composition
- mating arrangements
- spacing among individuals
- social structure - pattern of interactions and relationships among members of the group (e.g., dominance relationships)
© R. KYES
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What is Dominance?Dominance is a special relationship where one animal is able to consistently aggress against another with impunity (without retaliation).
Dominance
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How do we measure or determine Dominance?
1) Observe the direction of agonistic interaction(aggression and submission) between two animals.
That is, we look for a winner and loser in a fight
or
a situation where one animal avoids another one.
Give example of direction of agonistic interaction
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Aggression
“Stare Threat”
Submission
“Grimace”
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Affiliative (“friendly”) Behavior
ex, Sitting in Proximity,Sitting in Contact, Grooming
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© R. KYES
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Reproductive Biology & Behavior
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II. Mating or Breeding Season
• M. fascicularis are non-seasonal breeders - they mate throughout the year and are capable of becoming pregnant at any time.
• Some macaque species are seasonal breeders - they tend to mate at one time of year (capable of becoming pregnant).
ex. - Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) -
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Development© R. KYES
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I. Infant development (Perkembangan bayi) (birth - 1 year)
Pregnancy (gestation): approximately 5.5 months (+2weeks)
Birth process:
• most macaques, like other OWM, apes, and humans usually have one baby
• some species of prosimians, NWM birth twins regularly
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I. Infant development (birth - 1 year)
• At 1-2 weeks, infant begins leaving mother
• At a few weeks of age, they begin playing with other infants
• They continue to play in same-age play groups during the next couple of years - males spend more time in “rough-and-tumble” play and females begin to spend more time with mothers
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II. Mother-infant Relationship (Hubungan Induk-Bayi)
The mother-infant relationship is extremely important to the infant’s early social development (“Socialization”)
If infants are deprived of a “mother” during early development, it can have lasting detrimental effects on the monkey’s social behavior
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III. Subadult
• When a male is between 4-5 yrs old, he leaves his natalgroup (emigrates) and joins a new group (immigrates).
• Females will typically remain in their natal group for life.
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© R. KYESHabitat Use
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Habitat Use© R. KYES
Macaca fascicularis, like a few other macaque species, are sometimes referred to as “Weed Species” –
they can thrive (survive very well) in many types of habitats-primary, secondary, disturbed, fragmented, urban
Mf are “Generalists” – they can eat a wide variety of foods and can surviveon a non-traditional diet.
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Perilaku Monyet Ekor Panjang
Kyes – Univ. of Washington
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Perilaku Kera Ekor Panjang
Kyes – Univ. of Washington