Download - Selected Antidotes
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AntidotesACIDERAACOBAANCHETAANDRESAZMANBENGILOBOYCACHOLACADIZCALIMLIMCASTILLOECIJA
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Theophrastus von HohenheimParacelcus
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POISONAny substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin
DosePoison mg/kg body weight1,000,000water10,000alcohol100barbiturates10morphine1 nicotine
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ANTIDOTEGk. Antididonai which means given against
Counteracts the effects of poison or overdose
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What to do?Empty the stomach.
Emetic - a vomit-causing drug
2. Use of rubber tubing- Gastric or stomach lavage
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CLASSIFICATIONS
1. Physiological antidotescounteractstheeffectsofthepoison byproducingopposingphysiologiceffects.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTIDOTES Naloxon poisoning with opiatesAtropine poisoning with M-cholinomimetics and POSPhysostygmine poisoning with atropine, curare-like drugsAnaleptics poisoning with soporific drugs, narcotics
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Flumazenil (anexate) poisoning with tranquilizers
Potassium chloride poisoning with cardiac glycosides
Oxygen poisoning with carbon monoxide
Ethanol poisoning with methanol, ethylene glycol
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CLASSIFICATIONS2. Chemical antidotesneutralizesthepoisonbychangingitschemicalnature.
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CHEMICAL ANTIDOTESTannin 0.5 % solution for poisoning with heavy metals salts and alkaloids (except morphine, physostygmine, nicotine, atropine and cocaine)
Potassium permanganate 0.01-0.02 % - food poisonings, alkaloids (morphine, strychnine, nicotine, chinine, physostygmine)
Copper sulfate poisoning with phosphorus
Sodium chloride poisoning with silver salts (AgNO3)
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Iodine (15 drops per 100 ml of water) precipitates silver, lead, mercury compounds, strychnine, chinine
Unithiol (dimercaprol, BAL, i.m.) poisoning with heavy metals salts, cardiac glycosides
Deferoxamine poisoning with iron preparations
EDTA (trilon B) binding lead, copper, magnesium, radioactive elements - plutonium, uranium, thorium, yttrium compounds
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CLASSIFICATIONS3. Mechanical antidotesonethatpreventsabsorptionofthepoison.
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Demulcents(fats,oils,milk,eggalbumin) for corrosive and irritant poisoning
Bulky foodused for glass poisoning
Activated charcoalis used for strychinine and mineral poisoning(dose 30-60gms for children and 60-100gms for adults)
Vomiting for non corrosive substances
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MOST COMMON POISONSArsenic poisoning- found in rat poisonAntidote: Iron capsule Raw eggs
2. Phosphorus poisoning-matchs head, rat poisonAntidote: Magnesium sulfate Egg white
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3. Ptomaine or Food Poisoning
Antidote: A pound of butter*