AntidotesACIDERAACOBAANCHETAANDRESAZMANBENGILOBOYCACHOLACADIZCALIMLIMCASTILLOECIJA

Theophrastus von HohenheimParacelcus

POISONAny substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin

DosePoison mg/kg body weight1,000,000water10,000alcohol100barbiturates10morphine1 nicotine

ANTIDOTEGk. Antididonai which means given against

Counteracts the effects of poison or overdose

What to do?Empty the stomach.

Emetic - a vomit-causing drug

2. Use of rubber tubing- Gastric or stomach lavage

CLASSIFICATIONS

1. Physiological antidotescounteractstheeffectsofthepoison byproducingopposingphysiologiceffects.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTIDOTES Naloxon poisoning with opiatesAtropine poisoning with M-cholinomimetics and POSPhysostygmine poisoning with atropine, curare-like drugsAnaleptics poisoning with soporific drugs, narcotics

Flumazenil (anexate) poisoning with tranquilizers

Potassium chloride poisoning with cardiac glycosides

Oxygen poisoning with carbon monoxide

Ethanol poisoning with methanol, ethylene glycol

CLASSIFICATIONS2. Chemical antidotesneutralizesthepoisonbychangingitschemicalnature.

CHEMICAL ANTIDOTESTannin 0.5 % solution for poisoning with heavy metals salts and alkaloids (except morphine, physostygmine, nicotine, atropine and cocaine)

Potassium permanganate 0.01-0.02 % - food poisonings, alkaloids (morphine, strychnine, nicotine, chinine, physostygmine)

Copper sulfate poisoning with phosphorus

Sodium chloride poisoning with silver salts (AgNO3)

Iodine (15 drops per 100 ml of water) precipitates silver, lead, mercury compounds, strychnine, chinine

Unithiol (dimercaprol, BAL, i.m.) poisoning with heavy metals salts, cardiac glycosides

Deferoxamine poisoning with iron preparations

EDTA (trilon B) binding lead, copper, magnesium, radioactive elements - plutonium, uranium, thorium, yttrium compounds

CLASSIFICATIONS3. Mechanical antidotesonethatpreventsabsorptionofthepoison.

Demulcents(fats,oils,milk,eggalbumin) for corrosive and irritant poisoning

Bulky foodused for glass poisoning

Activated charcoalis used for strychinine and mineral poisoning(dose 30-60gms for children and 60-100gms for adults)

Vomiting for non corrosive substances

MOST COMMON POISONSArsenic poisoning- found in rat poisonAntidote: Iron capsule Raw eggs

2. Phosphorus poisoning-matchs head, rat poisonAntidote: Magnesium sulfate Egg white

3. Ptomaine or Food Poisoning

Antidote: A pound of butter*