Download - Spanish grammar book
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Por Roxana Brown
GRAMMAR BOOK
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1. Nacionalidades 2. Stem Changing Verbs 3. Para 4. Indirect Object Pronouns 5. Pronoun Placement 6. Gustar 7. Affirmative and Negative Words 8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
11. Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement
12. Sequencing events
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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STEM CHANGING VERBS
•Subject pronouns:
yo nosotros
tú vosotros
el/ella/usted ustedes/ellas/ellos•O > UE (ex: yo duermo)•E >IE (tú piensas)•U >UE (ellos juegan)•E >I (el sirve)
Words outside of
the boot do not get
conjugated
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•Can mean:
1) “in order to” when followed by an infinitive
2) “by” or “for” when referring to a specific time
PARA
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Singular
• Me (me)• Te (you)• Le (you formal, him, her, it)
Plural
• Nos (us)• Os (you all)• Les (you, them)
INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
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1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
PRONOUN PLACEMENT
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•Singular: Me gusta el boligrafo•Infinitive: Me gusta hablar español•Dependent on what is being liked•Used along aside IOPs
a mi= me gusta
a ti= te gusta
a usted/ellas/ellos= les gusta
a vosotros= os gusta•Plural: Me gustan las frutas
GUSTAR
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Affirmative
• Algo (something)• Alguien
(someone)• Algún/ alguno/a
(same)• Siempre (always)• También (also)
Negative
• Nada (nothing)• Nadie (no one)• Nigún/ninguno/a
(none, not any)• Nunca (never)• Tampoco
(neither, either)
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE WORDS
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•Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas= extremely or very after an adjective or adverb•Suffix added to adjectives and adverbs•Adjectives or adverbs ending in c, g, or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c•Adjectives ending in n or r for by adding císimo/a
SUPERLATIVES
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•Construction- subject is also the object receiving the action of the verb (subject does as well as receives action)•Subject, pronoun and verb are all in the same form
Example: Me levanto a las ocho de la mañana.•Conjugate as always adding reflexive pronoun
Example: acostarse (yo form): me acuesto•Position: 1) in front of the conjugated verb
2) attached to a gerund
3) attached to an infinitive
4) attached to an affirmative command
REFLEXIVES
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Di Sal
Haz Sé
Ve Ten
Pon Ven
AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS + IRREGULARS + PRONOUN
PLACEMENT
Simply drop the “s”
They can attach a direct object pronoun to the ending
Irregulars:
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•Put in “yo” form and change to opposite vowel and add “s”
ar endings change to e
ir, er endings change to a•Irregulars:
NEGATIVE TU COMMANDS + IRREGULARS + PRONOUN
PLACEMENT
Tener No tengas
Vener No vengas
Dar/ decir No des/ no digas
Ir No vayas
Ser No seas
Hacer No hagas
Estar No estés
Saber No sepas
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Primero
•First
Entonces
•Next•Then
Luego/ Despues
•Later•After
Por Fin
•Finally
Antes de/ Despues de
•Before/ After de + infinitive
Por la mañana/tarde/noc
he• In/ during the… (no specific time given)
SEQUENCING EVENTS