Download - STPM Data Booklet
Nilai ciri bagi penyerapan inframerah disebabkan oleh
getaran regangan dalam molekul organik (Characteristic values for infrared absorption due to
stretching vibrations in organic molecules)
Julat ciri (Characteristic ranges)
Ikatan (Bond)
Nombor gelombang (salingan panjang
gelombang) [Wavenumber
(reciprocal wavelength)] /cm–1
C – H alkana, alkena, arena (alkanes, alkenes, arenes) 2840 hingga
(to) 3095
C = C 1610 hingga (to) 1680
C ≡ C 2070 hingga (to) 2250
C = O aldehid, keton, asid, ester (aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters) 1680 hingga
(to) 1750
C – O alkohol, eter, ester (alcohols, ethers, esters) 1000 hingga
(to) 1300
C ≡ N 2200 hingga (to) 2280
C – Cl 700 hingga (to) 800
‘bebas’ (‘free’) 3580 hingga
(to) 3670
O – H ‘berikatan hidrogen’ dalam alkohol, fenol (‘hydrogen-bonded’ in alcohols, phenols) 3230 hingga
(to) 3550
‘berikatan hidrogen’ dalam asid (‘hydrogen-bonded’ in acids) 2500 hingga
(to) 3300
N – H amina primer (primary amines) 3350 hingga
(to) 3500
8
BUKU DATA (DATA BOOKLET)
KANDUNGAN (CONTENTS)
Mata pelajaran Halaman (Subject) (Page) 960 Fizik 2 (960 Physics) 962 Kimia 3 – 8 (962 Chemistry)
Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia Bandar Baru Selayang
2003
3.00
× 1
08 m s–1
4π ×
10–7
H m
–1
8.85
× 1
0–12 F
m–1
(1/(3
6π))
× 1
0–9 F
m–1
1.60
× 1
0–19 C
6.63
× 1
0–34 J
s
1.66
× 1
0–27 k
g
9.11
× 1
0–31 k
g
1.67
× 1
0–27 k
g
8.31
J K
–1 m
ol–1
6.02
× 1
023 m
ol–1
1.38
× 1
0–23 J
K–1
6.67
× 1
0 –11
N m
2 kg–2
9.81
m s–2
= = = ≈ = = = = = = = = = =
c μ 0
ε 0
e h u me
mp
R L, N
A
k G
g
(Spe
ed o
f lig
ht in
free
spac
e)
(Per
mea
bilit
y of
free
spac
e)
(Per
mitt
ivity
of f
ree
spac
e)
(Mag
ntiu
de o
f ele
ctro
nic
char
ge)
(Pla
nck
cons
tant
)
(Uni
fied
atom
ic m
ass u
nit)
(Res
t mas
s of e
lect
ron)
(Res
t mas
s of p
roto
n)
(Mol
ar g
as c
onst
ant)
(Avo
gadr
o co
nsta
nt)
(Bol
tzm
ann
cons
tant
)
(Gra
vita
tiona
l con
stan
t)
(Acc
eler
atio
n of
free
fall)
960
FIZ
IK
(960
PH
YSIC
S)
Nila
i Pem
alar
(V
alue
s of c
onst
ants
) La
ju c
ahay
a da
lam
ruan
g be
bas
Ket
elap
an ru
ang
beba
s
Ket
elus
an ru
ang
beba
s
Mag
nitu
d ca
s ele
ctro
n
Pem
alar
Pla
nck
Uni
t jis
m a
tom
ber
satu
Jisi
m re
hat e
lekt
ron
Jisi
m re
hat p
roto
n
Pem
alar
gas
mol
ar
Pem
alar
Avo
gadr
o
Pem
alar
Bol
tzm
ann
Pem
alar
gra
viti
Pect
uan
jatu
h be
bas
2
Tindak balas (Reaction)
Eθ / V
Mg2+ + 2e– Mg – 2.38 Mn2+ + 2e– Mn – 1.18 Mn3+ + e– Mn2+ + 1.49
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e– Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1.23 MnO4
– + e– MnO42– + 0.56
MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e– MnO2 + 2H2O + 1.67
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1.52
NO3– + 2H+ + e– NO2 + H2O + 0.81
NO3– + 3H+ + 2e– HNO2 + H2O + 0.94
NO3– + 10H+ + 8e– NH4
+ + 3H2O + 0.87 Na+ + e– Na – 2.71
Ni2+ + 2e– Ni – 0.25 [Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2e– Ni + 6NH3 – 0.51 H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– 2H2O + 1.77
O2 + 4H+ + 4e– 2H2O + 1.23 O2 + 2H2O + 4e– 4OH– + 0.40
O2 + 2H+ + 2e– H2O2 + 0.68 2H2O + 2e– H2 + 2OH– – 0.83
Pb2+ + 2e– Pb – 0.13 Pb4+ + 2e– Pb2+ + 1.69
PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e– Pb2+ + 2H2O + 1.47 Sn2+ + 2e– Sn – 0.14 Sn4+ + 2e– Sn2+ + 0.15 Ti2+ + 2e– Ti – 1.63
Ti3+ + e– Ti2+ – 0.37 Zn2+ + 2e– Zn – 0.76
Supaya ringkas, molekul air terkoordinat tidak dimasukkan untuk ion kompleks. (For simplicity, coordinated water molecules have not been included for complex ions.)
7
Elektrod piawai dan keupayaan penurunan piawai (pada suhu 298 K = 25 °C) [Standard electrode and reduction potentials (at 298 K = 25 °C)]
Tindak balas (Reaction)
Eθ / V
Ag+ + e– Ag + 0.80 Al3+ + 3e– Al – 1.66 Ba2+ + 2e– Ba – 2.90 Br2 + 2e– 2Br – + 1.07
Ca2+ + 2e– Ca – 2.87 Cl2 + 2e– 2Cl– + 1.36
2HOCl + 2H+ + 2e– Cl2 + 2H2O + 1.64 Cr2+ + 2e– Cr – 0.91 Cr3+ + 3e– Cr – 0.74
Cr3+ + e– Cr2+ – 0.41 Cr2O7
2– + 14H+ + 6e– 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 1.33 Cu+ + e– Cu + 0.52
Cu2+ + 2e– Cu + 0.34 Cu2+ + e– Cu+ + 0.15
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2e– Cu + 4NH3 – 0.05 F2 + 2e– 2F– + 2.87
Fe2+ + 2e– Fe – 0.44 Fe3+ + 3e– Fe – 0.04
Fe3+ + e– Fe2+ + 0.77 [Fe(CN)6]3– + e– [Fe(CN)6]4– + 0.36
Fe(OH)3 + e– Fe(OH)2 + OH– – 0.56 2H+ + 2e– H2 0.00
H2 + 2e– 2H– – 2.25 I2 + 2e– 2I– + 0.54 K+ + e– K – 2.92 Li+ + e– Li – 3.04
6
18
(VII
I)
4.0
He
2 20.2
N
e 10
40.0
A
r 18
83.8
K
r 36
131
Xe
54 22
2 R
n 86
17
(VII
)
19.0
F
9 35.5
C
l 17
79
.9
Br
35 127 I
53 210
At
85 175
Lu
71 262
Lr
103
16
(VI)
16.0
O
8 32
.1
S 16
79
.0
Se
34
128
Te
52
209
Po
84
173
Yb
70
259
No
102
15
(V)
14.0
N
7 31
.0
P 15
74
.9
As
33
122
Sb
51
209
Bi
83
169
Tm
69
258
Md
101
14
(IV
)
12.0
C
6 28
.1
Si
14
72.6
G
e 32
11
9 Sn
50
20
7 Pb
82
167
Er
68
257
Fm
100
13
(III
)
10.8
B
5 27
.0
Al
13
69.7
G
a 31
11
5 In
49
20
4 Tl
81
165
Ho
67
252
Es
99
12
65.4
Zn
30
11
2 C
d 48
20
1 H
g 80
163
Dy
66
251
Cf
98
11
63.5
C
u 29
10
8 A
g 47
19
7 A
u 79
159
Tb
65
247
Bk
97
10
58.7
N
i 28
10
6 Pd
46
19
5 Pt
78
157
Gd
64
247
Cm
96
9 58.9
C
o 27
10
3 R
h 45
19
2 Ir
77
152
Eu
63
243
Am
95
8 55.8
Fe
26
10
1 R
u 44
19
0 O
s 76
150
Sm
62
244
Pu
94
7 54.9
M
n 25
98
Tc
43
186
Re
75
145
Pm
61
237
Np
93
6
a
= j
isim
ato
m re
latif
(rel
ativ
e at
omic
mas
s)
X =
sim
bol a
tom
(ato
mic
sym
bol)
b
= n
ombo
r pro
ton
(pro
ton
num
ber)
52.0
C
r 24
95
.9
Mo
42
184
W
74
144
Nd
60
238 U
92
5
a X
b 50.9
V
23
92
.9
Nb
41
181
Ta
73
141
Pr
59
231
Pa
91
4 47.9
Ti
22
91
.2
Zr
40
178
Hf
72
140
Ce
58
232
Th
90
3 45.0
Sc
21
88
.9
Y
39
La to Lu
A
c to Lr
13
9 La
57
22
7 A
c 89
2 (II)
9.0
Be
4 24.3
M
g 12
40
.1
Ca
20
87.6
Sr
38
13
7 B
a 56
22
6 R
a 88
962
KIM
IA
(962
CH
EMIS
TRY)
Ja
dual
Ber
kala
(Per
iodi
c Ta
ble)
Kum
pula
n (G
roup
)
1 (I) 1.0 H
1 6.9 Li
3 23.0
N
a 11
39
.1
K
19
85.5
R
b 37
13
3 C
s 55
22
3 Fr
87
3
8.31
J K
–1 m
ol–1
9.65
× 1
04 C m
ol–1
6.02
× 1
023 m
ol–1
6.63
× 1
0–34 J
s
3.00
× 1
08 m s–1
1.67
× 1
0–27 k
g
1.67
× 1
0–27 k
g
9.11
× 1
0–31 k
g
–1.6
0 ×
10–1
9 C
22.4
dm
3 mol
–1 p
ada
stp
(at s
tp)
24.4
dm
3 mol
–1 p
ada
suhu
25 °C
(a
t 25 °C
)
1.00
× 1
0–14 m
ol2 d
m–6
pa
da 2
98 K
(25 °C
) [a
t 298
K (2
5 °C
)]
4.18
kJ k
g–1 K
–1
4.18
J g–1
K–1
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
R F L h c mp
mn
me
e V m
Kw
(Gas
con
stan
t)
(Far
aday
con
stan
t)
(Avo
gadr
o co
nsta
nt)
(Pla
nck
cons
tant
)
(Spe
ed o
f lig
ht in
a v
acuu
m)
(Mas
s of p
roto
n, H
)
(Mas
s of n
eutr
on,
n)
(Mas
s of e
lect
ron,
e)
(Ele
ctro
nic
char
ge)
(Mol
ar v
olum
e of
gas
)
[stp
is e
xpre
ssed
app
roxi
mat
ely
as 1
01 k
Pa a
nd 2
73 K
(0 °C
)]
(Ion
ic p
rodu
ct o
f wat
er)
(Spe
cific
hea
t cap
acity
of w
ater
)
Nila
i, Pe
mal
ar, d
an P
iaw
aian
Pen
ting
(Im
port
ant V
alue
s, C
onst
ants
, and
Sta
ndar
ds)
Pem
alar
gas
Pem
alar
Far
aday
Pem
alar
Avo
gadr
o
Pem
alar
Pla
nck
Laju
cah
aya
dala
m v
akum
Jisi
m p
roto
n, H
Jisi
m n
eutro
n, n
Jisi
m e
lekt
ron,
e
Cas
ele
ktro
n
Isip
adu
mol
ar g
as
[stp
din
yata
kan
seca
ra h
ampi
r se
baga
i 101
kPa
dan
273
K (0
°C)
Has
il da
rab
ion
bagi
air
Mua
tan
haba
tent
u ai
r
4
Tenaga pengionan pertama, kedua, ketiga, dan keempat bagi unsur terpilih, dalam kJ mol–1
(First, second, third, and fourth ionisation energies of selected elements, in kJ mol–1)
Nombor Pertama Kedua Ketiga Keempat proton (Proton (First) (Second) (Third) (Fourth) number) H 1 1310 – – – He 2 2370 5250 – – Li 3 519 7300 11800 – Be 4 900 1760 14800 21000 B 5 799 2420 3660 25000 C 6 1090 2350 4610 6220 N 7 1400 2860 4590 7480 O 8 1310 3390 5320 7450 F 9 1680 3370 6040 8410 Ne 10 2080 3950 6150 9290 Na 11 494 4560 6940 9540 Mg 12 736 1450 7740 10500 Al 13 577 1820 2740 11600 Si 14 786 1580 3230 4360 P 15 1060 1900 2920 4960 S 16 1000 2260 3390 4540 Cl 17 1260 2300 3850 5150 Ar 18 1520 2660 3950 5770 K 19 418 3070 4600 5860 Ca 20 590 1150 4940 6480 Sc 21 632 1240 2390 7110 Ti 22 661 1310 2720 4170 V 23 648 1370 2870 4600 Cr 24 653 1590 2990 4770 Mn 25 716 1510 3250 5190 Fe 26 762 1560 2960 5400 Co 27 757 1640 3230 5100 Ni 28 736 1750 3390 5400 Cu 29 745 1960 3550 5690 Zn 30 908 1730 3828 5980 Ga 31 577 1980 2960 6190 Ge 32 762 1540 3300 4390 Br 35 1140 2080 3460 4850 Sr 38 548 1060 4120 5440 Sn 50 707 1410 2940 3930 I 53 1010 1840 2040 4030 Ba 56 502 966 3390 5000 Pb 82 716 1450 3080 4080
5