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The Yellow River Valley PowerPoint The Yellow River Valley PowerPoint
Philosophy Discussion Philosophy Discussion
Aim: The Yellow River Aim: The Yellow River ValleyValley
GeographyGeography Consists of Consists of three main riversthree main rivers
– Huang (Yellow),Huang (Yellow), Chang and Xi Rivers Chang and Xi Rivers Rivers flooding is Rivers flooding is unpredictableunpredictable Rivers produced Rivers produced loessloess
– fertilefertile yellow soil yellow soil Isolated due to Isolated due to natural barriersnatural barriers
– Gobi DesertGobi Desert and and Himalaya Himalaya MountainsMountains
The Middle Kingdom The Middle Kingdom Felt it was the Felt it was the center of the worldcenter of the world
– called itself the called itself the “Middle Kingdom”“Middle Kingdom” Felt its culture was Felt its culture was superiorsuperior than than
every other cultureevery other culture– known as known as ethnocentrismethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism lead to Ethnocentrism lead to isolationismisolationism– traditional lifestyle traditional lifestyle
China did not come in contact with China did not come in contact with other civilizationsother civilizations– lacked technologylacked technology
Eventually, the Chinese discontinuedthe expeditions due to ethnocentrism.The Chinese believed that they were
superior to other cultures.
The Chinese believed that theywere the “Middle Kingdom.”
They believed that they could learn nothing important from other
inferior cultures.
Though China was very advancedfor the time period, isolationism
caused China to fall behind.
The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty First First dynastydynasty of China of China
– dynastydynasty: a ruling family: a ruling family Developed a writing system called Developed a writing system called
calligraphycalligraphy– eventually became a eventually became a form of artform of art
Believed in Believed in animismanimism and and ancestor ancestor worshipworship– animismanimism: belief spirits inhabit all objects: belief spirits inhabit all objects
The first known dynasty of China was theShang dynasty. This dynasty united the people living around the Huang He and
Yangtze river valleys.
Ancient Calligraphy Ancient Calligraphy
The Zhou Dynasty The Zhou Dynasty Emperors justified their takeover Emperors justified their takeover
due to the due to the Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven– belief that belief that godsgods picked the emperor to picked the emperor to
rule but the rule but the godsgods could also remove a could also remove a bad emperor from power bad emperor from power
The rise and fall of dynasties is The rise and fall of dynasties is known as the known as the dynastic cycledynastic cycle
Zhou rulers claimed
theMandate of Heaven or
theright to rule.However, thegods could
remove the ruler’s
right to rule.
The Qin DynastyThe Qin Dynasty Built the Built the Great Wall of ChinaGreat Wall of China
– built to keep invaders outbuilt to keep invaders out– didn't work didn't work
Established a Established a strong strong centralized government centralized government – one government controlled all local one government controlled all local
areasareas
During Qin China,the Chinese beganbuilding the GreatWall of China.The Great Wall ofChina was built toprotect China fromnomadic invaders.
The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty China’s China’s “Golden Age”“Golden Age”
– numerous numerous inventionsinventions were introduced were introduced porcelain, silk, gunpowder, printing press, porcelain, silk, gunpowder, printing press,
compasscompass Developed the Developed the civil service examcivil service exam
– people needed to do well on tests to people needed to do well on tests to obtain jobsobtain jobs
– questions based on questions based on ConfucianismConfucianism Silk RoadSilk Road emerged emerged
– trade between trade between China and the Middle China and the Middle EastEast
– lead to lead to cultural diffusioncultural diffusion
It is important to remember that during theHan dynasty, a scholar had to pass a teston Chinese history and Confucianism to
work in the government.
To work for thegovernment, a
Chinese man hadto pass a difficultexamination. Byestablishing a civil service examination, education wasemphasized.
The Silk Road was a famous Chinese trading route.
Throughout Chinese history, there havebeen many great philosophers.
Confucianism Confucianism Most Most influentialinfluential philosophy in China philosophy in China
ever!ever! Stressed:Stressed:
– respect for eldersrespect for elders– education education is important is important – follow a follow a code of moral conductcode of moral conduct – maintain politicalmaintain political and and social ordersocial order– filial piety (worship of family)filial piety (worship of family)– each society member must complete their each society member must complete their
dutyduty – the the five relationships five relationships of Confucius of Confucius – people must do their people must do their assigned tasks and assigned tasks and
dutiesduties
While all three philosophies greatly influenced China, Confucianism became the official philosophy of dynastic China.
In Confucianism, a son must obey hisfather.
Daoism Daoism
Stressed Stressed naturenature Believed in the Believed in the Ying-YangYing-Yang
The Yin-Yang is a popular Daoist or Taoist symbol.
Legalism Legalism
Believed:Believed:– people are people are born badborn bad – people are people are selfishselfish– people needed people needed lawslaws to control them to control them– people need to be people need to be punishedpunished harshly harshly
to main order in society to main order in society
Putting Them TogetherPutting Them Together
All three philosophies try to All three philosophies try to establish:establish:– peacepeace– political and social orderpolitical and social order– respect for respect for authorityauthority
Chinese Chinese AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
GunpowderGunpowder CompassCompass PorcelainPorcelain Metal Printing PressMetal Printing Press PaperPaper The Silk RoadThe Silk Road
– trade between trade between Asia and Europe/Middle Asia and Europe/Middle EastEast
AcupunctureAcupuncture Oldest Male Head of HouseholdOldest Male Head of Household Extended FamilyExtended Family