Unit 2“Cells & Viruses”
Vocabulary Review22 Words
Double-membrane organelle that
captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy
through photosynthesis.
ChloroplastDouble-membrane
organelle that captures light energy
and converts it to chemical energy
through photosynthesis.
A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by
osmosis.
* Swell or Explode*
HypotonicA solution that has a lower
concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by
osmosis.
* Swell or Explode*
In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-
bound organelle that manages cellular
functions and contains DNA.
NucleusIn eukaryotic cells, the
central membrane-bound organelle that
manages cellular functions and contains DNA.
Regulation of an organism’s internal
environment to maintain conditions
needed for life.
* Stable/balanced*
Homeostasis
Regulation of an organism’s internal
environment to maintain conditions
needed for life.
* Stable/balanced*
Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic
cells that is the site for protein and lipid
synthesis and transports substances throughout
cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic
cells that is the site for protein and lipid
synthesis and transports substances throughout
cell.
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane.
OsmosisDiffusion of water
across a selectively permeable membrane.
Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials
such as food, enzymes, and waste.
VacuoleMembrane-bound
vesicle for temporary storage of materials
such as food, enzymes, and waste.
Energy-requiring process by which substances
move across the plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient.
* Walking up a hill*
Active Transport
Energy-requiring process by which substances
move across the plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient.
* Walking up a hill*
Manufactures proteins.
Ribosome
Manufactures proteins.
Flexible, selectively permeable
boundary that helps control what enters and leaves
the cell.
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Flexible, selectively permeable
boundary that helps control what enters and leaves
the cell.
In plants, (& bacteria & fungi) the rigid barrier that
surrounds the outside of the cell membrane, is made
of cellulose (chitin), and provides support and protection to the cell.
Cell WallIn plants, (& bacteria & fungi)
the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of
the cell membrane, is made of cellulose (chitin), and
provides support and protection to the cell.
Net movement of particles from an
area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
DiffusionNet movement of particles from an
area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Flattened stack of tubular membranes that
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports
them to other organelles or out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Flattened stack of tubular membranes that
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports
them to other organelles or out of the cell.
Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma
(cell) membrane by transport proteins.
*No Energy*
Facilitated Diffusion
Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma
(cell) membrane by transport proteins.
*No Energy*
Organism with a nucleus and organelles
EukaryoteOrganism with a
nucleus and organelles
A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell
retaining its normal shape because there is
no net movement of water.
IsotonicA solution with the same
concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell
retaining its normal shape because there is
no net movement of water.
Membrane-bound organelle that
converts fuel (food) into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest
of the cell.
MitochondriaMembrane-bound
organelle that converts fuel (food)
into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest
of the cell.
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing
water to leave the cell by osmosis.
* Shrivel or Shrink*
HypertonicA solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing
water to leave the cell by osmosis.
* Shrivel or Shrink*
Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance
and food.
LysosomeVesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance
and food.
Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot
replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter
cellular function.
VirusNonliving strand of genetic
material that cannot replicate on its own, has
a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter
cellular function.
Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or
other membrane-bound organelles.
ProkaryoteMicroscopic,
unicellular organism without a nucleus or
other membrane-bound organelles.
Outer protein layer/coat that surrounds the
genetic material of a virus.
CapsidOuter protein layer/coat that surrounds the
genetic material of a virus.
The End