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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
Florida Benchmark
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• SC.5.P.8.1 Compare and contrast the basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases, such as mass, volume, color, texture, and temperature.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
What’s the Matter?
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• Matter has mass and volume. It cannot be created or destroyed.
• Mass is the amount of matter in something.
• Volume is the amount of space something takes up.
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Matter Has Properties
• Matter has physical properties.
• You can observe a physical property without changing the matter into a new substance.
• Odor, texture, and color are some physical properties.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
More Properties
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• Temperature is also a physical property.
• Temperature is a measure of the energy of motion of the particles in matter.
• Mass and volume are also physical properties.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
More Properties
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• Density is another physical property of matter.
• Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.
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States of Matter
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Liquids
• A liquid is a substance that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape.
Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
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Gases
• A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or volume.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
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Solids
• A solid is a substance with a definite shape and volume.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
States of Matter
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• Matter is made up of tiny particles.
• The particles in solids, liquids, and gases have different amounts of energy.
• The amount of energy affects how fast the particles move and how close together they are.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
States of Matter
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• The shape and volume of something depends on its state.
• Gas particles are far apart. They can move around without affecting one another.
• Gases take the shape and volume of their container. The gas particles spread out to fill the container.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
States of Matter
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• The particles in a liquid cannot move around as much as the particles in a gas.
• The particles in liquids can slide past one another, so liquids take the shape of their container.
• The particles in liquids cannot move very far from one another. So, a liquid has the same volume no matter what container it is in.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
States of Matter
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• The particles in a solid cannot move very much at all.
• Because the particles in a solid cannot move, a solid has the same shape and volume no matter what container it is in.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
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• The temperature of matter changes when it takes in or releases energy.
• Changes in the amount of energy in matter can cause the matter to change state.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
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• When a gas releases energy, its temperature goes down until it condenses, or changes to a liquid.
• When a liquid releases energy, its temperature goes down until it freezes, or changes to a solid.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
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• When a solid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it melts, or changes to a liquid.
• When a liquid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it evaporates, or changes to a gas.
• If a liquid absorbs heat rapidly, it might boil.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
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• Boiling and evaporation are similar. Both involve a liquid turning into a gas.
• Evaporation is slower. It happens only at the liquid’s surface.
• Boiling is faster. It happens throughout the liquid.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
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• Describe how heat energy is released or absorbed.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• The temperature at which a certain type of matter freezes or melts is the same.
• Liquid water freezes at 0 °C. Solid ice melts at 0 °C.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
A Matter of Temperature
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• The temperature at which a certain type of matter condenses or boils is the same.
• Liquid water boils at 100 °C. Water vapor condenses at 100 °C.
• Evaporation can happen at temperatures below the boiling temperature.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
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• Liquids and gases can flow.
• Gases can expand, taking up more space, or compress, taking up less space.
• Solids have definite textures and shapes.