unit 4 lesson 1 what are solids, liquids, and gases?€¦ · title: u4l1 what are solids, liquids...

Unit 4 Lesson 1 What Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company


Florida Benchmark


• SC.5.P.8.1 Compare and contrast the basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases, such as mass, volume, color, texture, and temperature.


What’s the Matter?


• Matter has mass and volume. It cannot be created or destroyed.

• Mass is the amount of matter in something.

• Volume is the amount of space something takes up.

Matter Has Properties

• Matter has physical properties.

• You can observe a physical property without changing the matter into a new substance.

• Odor, texture, and color are some physical properties.




More Properties


• Temperature is also a physical property.

• Temperature is a measure of the energy of motion of the particles in matter.

• Mass and volume are also physical properties.


More Properties


• Density is another physical property of matter.

• Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

States of Matter


Liquids

• A liquid is a substance that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape.


Gases

• A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or volume.



Solids

• A solid is a substance with a definite shape and volume.




States of Matter


• Matter is made up of tiny particles.

• The particles in solids, liquids, and gases have different amounts of energy.

• The amount of energy affects how fast the particles move and how close together they are.


States of Matter


• The shape and volume of something depends on its state.

• Gas particles are far apart. They can move around without affecting one another.

• Gases take the shape and volume of their container. The gas particles spread out to fill the container.


States of Matter


• The particles in a liquid cannot move around as much as the particles in a gas.

• The particles in liquids can slide past one another, so liquids take the shape of their container.

• The particles in liquids cannot move very far from one another. So, a liquid has the same volume no matter what container it is in.


States of Matter


• The particles in a solid cannot move very much at all.

• Because the particles in a solid cannot move, a solid has the same shape and volume no matter what container it is in.


A Matter of Temperature


• The temperature of matter changes when it takes in or releases energy.

• Changes in the amount of energy in matter can cause the matter to change state.




• When a gas releases energy, its temperature goes down until it condenses, or changes to a liquid.

• When a liquid releases energy, its temperature goes down until it freezes, or changes to a solid.




• When a solid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it melts, or changes to a liquid.

• When a liquid takes in energy, its temperature rises until it evaporates, or changes to a gas.

• If a liquid absorbs heat rapidly, it might boil.




• Boiling and evaporation are similar. Both involve a liquid turning into a gas.

• Evaporation is slower. It happens only at the liquid’s surface.

• Boiling is faster. It happens throughout the liquid.




• Describe how heat energy is released or absorbed.




• The temperature at which a certain type of matter freezes or melts is the same.

• Liquid water freezes at 0 °C. Solid ice melts at 0 °C.




• The temperature at which a certain type of matter condenses or boils is the same.

• Liquid water boils at 100 °C. Water vapor condenses at 100 °C.

• Evaporation can happen at temperatures below the boiling temperature.


Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases


• Liquids and gases can flow.

• Gases can expand, taking up more space, or compress, taking up less space.

• Solids have definite textures and shapes.

unit 4 lesson 1 what are solids, liquids, and gases?€¦ · title: u4l1 what are solids, liquids...

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