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Unit: Cellular Structure & Function
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How are plant and animal Cells different from each other? Although Plants and Animals are both
EUKARYOTES, there are some differences
between the cells of plants and animals.
Plants have THREE PARTS that animal
cells lack.
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1. Cell Wall
Description
Structure that surrounds the plant cell membrane & is made of cellulose
Function Protects the plant cell
and gives it support & structure
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2. Central Vacuole Description~ membrane bound cavity in
plant cells used for storage(H20,ions,nutrients,etc)
This takes up much of the volume in a plant cell.
If the Central Vacuole is full, it presses the cytoplasm against the cell wall, making the cell rigid. This enables a plant to stand upright.
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Function
This is the organelle
where photosynthesis
occurs!
Chloroplasts have their own DNA like mitochondria
3. Chloroplasts
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Description-mitochondria and chloroplasts
were once prokaryotic cells that were taken in
by other prokaryotes.• Creation of first eukaryotic “organelles”• Prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes
Endosymbiotic Theory
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Why are plants green? Chlorophyll- green pigment found in
chloroplasts that trap sunlight
needed for this photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are found only in photosynthetic
organisms (plant cells, some bacteria, some
protists). These are organisms that make their own
food (autotrophs)
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Why is photosynthesis so important?
Chloroplasts make an energy source (carbs)
that a plant’s mitochondria can use to create
ATP energy.
• Animals get carbs for energy from plants we eat.
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Source of energy for ALL life on Earth!!!
Reactants1. Water2. Carbon Dioxide3. Sunlight
Products1. Oxygen gas2. Glucose (a carb)
Photosynthesis in Plant Cells
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Photosynthesis in Plant Cells
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Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Comparison of Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
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Cell wall for structure AND cell membrane.
Larger vacuoles.Chloroplasts
Cell membrane only.Small vacuoles.No chloroplasts.
Summary of the differences between
plant and animal cells