Download - VOLADURA DE ROCAS
VOLADURA DE ROCAS APLICADA
A LA NUEVA MINERÍA
CAPÍTULO I: NUEVAS IDEAS SOBRE FRAGMENTACIÓN ISEE
Ing. Rómulo MuchoPresidente IIMP
Lima, 8 de abril, 2013
Peter Cundall
Maurilio Torres
Marc Ruest
Ewan Sellers
Sandy Etchells
Italo Onederra
SIMPLE MODELHSBM/BLO-UP MODEL
• Heterogeneous Mixtures
• VoD Dependent on Confinment
• VoD Dependent on Diameter
• Incomplete Reaction
• Curved Shock Front
• Large DDZ
Vixen 2009 Calculates Ideal Detonation State: Ideal VoD + Q
Non-Ideal Corrections are Made: Q1D and DSD
Output is VoD and Reaction Extent
NON-IDEAL DETONATION
TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL
200 μs tensile hoop stresses
at 3-5 borehole radii
400 μs tensile stresses occur
at the borehole wall
TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL
ENERGY PARTITION
EXPLOSIVE ISENTROPE
PARAMETER STUDY
ENERGY BALANCE OF PRODUCTION BLASTS AT
NORDKALK’S KLINTHAGEN QUARRY
Henrik Grind
Nordkalk Storugns AB
F Ouchterlony
U Nyberg
M Olsson
Swebrec
at LTU
I Bergqvist
L Granlund
Dyno Nobel
BLAST ENERGY BALANCE - 3
Components of blast energy balance:
• Losses in hole 60 - 30 %
• Losses in rock 20 - 40 %
• Kinetic energy 10 - 20 %
• Seismic energy 5 - 10 %
• Fragm. energy 0.1 - 2 %
SveBeFo
Swebrec
• Specifics of explosive behavior are important
• Equilibrium pressure controls movement
• Blastability
• Time-scales and energy
1 µs Detonation
500 µs Equilibrium
10 ms Gas venting
1 s Muckpile
SIMPLE MODEL CONCLUSIONS
OVERVIEW
Near-fielddetonationcrushing
Brittle latticestress wavefragmentationmovement and muckpile
Gas productthrowgas venting
Overview
INPUT
Rock Propertieselasticshear and tensile strength
Jointing and LayeringDFN importgeological seams
Calibration Parametersequilibrium pressuretensile strength scale
INPUT
Blast geometryblasthole layoutBench or drift shape
Explosivetypenon-ideal data
Stress conditionsorientationmagnitude
OUTPUT
UNDERGROUND BLASTING – SLC CONFINED BLASTING
SMALL SCALE VALIDATION
University of Leoben (Reichholf 2003)
Italo Onederra, University of Queensland
LKAB, Swebrec, Finn Ouchterlony, Danial Johansson
SMALL SCALE VALIDATION
Steve Iverson and Bill Hustrulid
NIOSH COLLABORATIONItalo Onederra, University of Queensland
FIELD SCALE MODELING
MODELO FÍSICO DE UNA REACCIÓN DE DETONACIÓN DE UN
EXPLOSIVO EN UN MACIZO ROCOSO