dr. daniel linhares - update on porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (prrs) stability...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Update on PRRS stability studies…and quick updates on PRRS detection and
biosecurity
Daniel LinharesVeterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine [VDPAM]
Iowa State University
![Page 2: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda: Update on PRRS stability
| SHMP 1-7-4 project
| Next steps to decrease stability?
Oral fluids-based slaughter surveillance [preliminary]
Oral fluids from suckling pigs [for breeding herd monitoring]
Detecting outbreaks a few weeks earlier…
What’s new on measuring “anti-PRRS biosecurity”?
What’s on the pipeline?
Controlling PRRS
Detecting PRRS
Preventing PRRSMore PRRS…
![Page 3: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Couple field studies on PRRS stability…
2009-2013 study• Acutely infected breeding herds• Load + close + expose program• Agreement to test (30 litters/month)
• Key demographic info:• 50% infected with 1-4-4 PRRSv• 50% prior PRRS history (3 years)• 61 farms, 16 systems
2014-2016 study• Infected breeding herds• Not required to close or to expose• Agreement to test (30 litters/month)
• Key demographic info:• All infected with “1-7-4” virus• 107 farms, 5 systems
PRRS control
Linhares, Cano, Torremorell, Morrison. Prev Vet Med, 2013 Betlach, Linhares, Morrison. in prep.
![Page 4: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Early TTS is possible
PRRS control
![Page 5: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
44weeksTTS50
38 weeks
TTBP50
Success rate to reach Stable
Main outcomes, 2013 and 2016 studies (TTS @ last testing)
Early ones: 24-28 weeks
2013 2016
18 weeks
2016
25 weeks
2013
80%49/61
2013
62%67/107
2016
PRRS control
![Page 6: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Median TTS (95th confidence interval):2013 study 38.3 (35 – 42) weeks2016 study 44 .0 (41 – 52) weeks
2013 cohort achieved TTS sooner than 2016 herds1/3 of 2016 herds did not reach TTS by 52 weeks
TTS
Prob
abili
tyPRRS control
![Page 7: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
All herds: closure was associated with faster TTSPRRS control
![Page 8: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TTS at Birth
Hunter & Morrison, 2016
TTS @ BirthMedian time: 21.2 weeksRange: 8 to 32 weeks
PRRSv RNA RT-PCR from blood, tail blood swabs, or placental umbilical cord serum (PUCS)
Litters < 24 hrs old No cross-fostering
PRRS control
![Page 9: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Project to reach Stable: • 60 to 80% success rate• 24 to 60 weeks to reach the 4th negative testTTS and Probability to reach Stable were better in the 2009-2013 cohort (61 herds) compared to the 2014-2016 cohort (107 herds):• Herd closure? Whole-herd exposure? PRRSv itself?TTS at farrowing: • 20 weeks (best= 8wks) answer in farrowing room?
PRRS control
Summary data from 168 sow farmsattempting to achieve stability
![Page 10: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What else to (consistently) reduce TTS?
Biosecurity (to reduce re-breaks)
Boost (herd) immunity
Reduce within-herd transmission
PRRS control
![Page 11: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PRRS detection
Oral fluids-based slaughter surveillance
Marcelo Almeida, Jeff Zimmerman, Daniel Linhares
At the farm PRRS RNA Positive (PCR)
PRRS RNANegative (PCR)
Oral fluids 79 (25%) 240 (75%)Serum 6 (2%) 310 (98%)
Oral Fluids PRRS RNA Positive (PCR)
PRRS RNANegative (PCR)
Farm 79 (25%) 240 (75%)Abattoir 33 (34%) 63 (66%)
![Page 12: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
VDL Serum OF Farm OF Abattoir
Lab1 295/316 (93.35) 319/319 (100.0) 96/96 (100.0)
Lab2 291/315 (92.38) 320/320 (100.0) 96/96 (100.0)
Lab3 299/316 (94.62) 319/319 (100.0) 96/96 (100.0)
PRRS ELISA by sample: 93% serum, 100% oral fluids were positive
VDL Serum OF Farm OF Abattoir
Lab1 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0)
Lab2 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0)
Lab3 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0) 32/32 (100.0)
PRRS ELISA by group: 100% of groups were positive
PRRS detection
![Page 13: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
VDL Serum OF Farm OF Abattoir
Lab1 5/32 (15.63) 22/32 (68.75) 17/32 (53.13)
Lab2 8/32 (25.00) 21/32 (65.63) 12/32 (37.50)
Lab3 5/32 (15.63) 24/32 (75.00) 11/32 (34.37)
VDL Serum OF Farm OF Abattoir
Lab1 6/316 (1.90) 79/319 (24.76) 33/96 (34.38)
Lab2 10/315 (3.17) 67/320 (20.94) 26/96 (27.08)
Lab3 6/316 (1.90) 80/319 (25.08) 21/96 (21.88)
PRRS PCR by sample: ~2% serum, ~24% Farm OF, ~28% Abattoir OF
PRRS PCR by group: ~ 18% serum, ~65% Farm OF, ~40% Abattoir OF
PRRS detection
Serum: 97.5 – 99.1% agreement between VDLsOral Fluids: 82.3 – 88.5% agreement between VDLs
![Page 14: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Farm PRRS PCR OF
Farm PRRS PCR serum
↑ PRRSv @ farm = ↑ PRRSv @ abattoir
PRRS detection
![Page 15: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Take home messages [preliminary]• OF easily collected at abattoir
• PRRSv antibodies + SVA/PRRSv RNA can be detected on oral fluids collected at abattoir
• PRRSv RNA detection: higher in OF compared to serum
• Variation in agreement between labs (SVA and PRRSv PCRs)
• Need to further explore farm-abattoir agreement: farm prevalence, number of ropes, pig behavior, summer vs winter conditions
![Page 16: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Example chart to detect outbreaks using # aborts/week:Note spikes in abortions & changes in SHMP status over time
VDPAM
weeks
PRRS detection
![Page 17: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Increased Not increased
Yes 10 (100%) 0 (0%)No 7 (0.5%) 1,381 (99.5%)
Number of abortsPR
RSO
utbr
eak
Increased Not increased
Yes 10 (100%) 0 (0%)No 5 (0.4%) 1,353 (99.6%)
Pct preweaning mortality
PRRS
Out
brea
k
Increased Not increased
Yes 5 (100%) 0 (0%)No 5 (0.4%) 1,363 (99.6%)
Pct preweaning mortality
PED
Out
brea
k Notes:Abortion wave was also detected in one PED outbreak (1 week before changing status to PED 1)
Time to detect PRRS = “zero”: PWM used to define outbreak?
PRRS detection
![Page 18: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Analytic Hierarchy Process to measure biosecurity
Level 11. Pig movements2. Pickup/Deliveries 3. People movement 4. Pork/food product entry 5. Manure removal6. Domestic animals, feral swine, other wild animals and insects7. Air and water
Level 2
a. Semen deliveryb. Replacement pigsc. Cull pigs from premisesd. Weaning
Level 3
a. Semen itselfb. Semen packagingc. Vehicle and driver
A) Structure biosecurity risk by categories of events (Holtkamp)B) Relative importance of each categoryC) Relative importance of sub-categories
0.449
0.028
0.1890.052
0.125
0.069
0.089
1.00
0.23
0.570.12
0.08
1.00
0.770.08
0.15
1.00
Frequency of events * risk of events = Score
Gustavo Silva, Derald Holtkamp, Daniel Linhares
PRRS prevention
![Page 19: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Analytic Hierarchy Process to measure biosecurity
A) Structure biosecurity risk by categories of events (Holtkamp)B) Relative importance of each categoryC) Relative importance of sub-categories
Gustavo Silva, Derald Holtkamp, Daniel Linhares
PRRS prevention
Pilot data, 30 farms:Score was positively correlated (0.65) with frequency of outbreaks.
Number of PRRS outbreaks, last 5 years
Fina
l sco
re
![Page 20: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Description of biosecurity aspects of herds with low or high PRRS incidence and comparison within and between production systems
Linhares, Holtkamp, Morrison, Arruda, Silva & Vilalta
density # key events
selected practices
Infra-structure
Differences, commonalities?
Trends?Scores associated with
frequency outbreaks?
PRRS prevention
![Page 21: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Thank you:
Daniel Linhares DVM MBA PhDVDPAM, Iowa State [email protected] http://field-prrs.blogspot.com/
Abattoir study:Dr Dion Dr DonovanDr MurrayDr WisemanDr Sundberg
![Page 22: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Evaluation of methods for oral fluid collection on due-to-wean
pigletsMarcelo Almeida and Daniel Linhares
Source: Yeske-Livermore, L (2014) Source: Graham, J (2013)
PRRS detection
![Page 23: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Factors associated with obtainingoral fluids from suckling pigs:
(Marcelo Almeida)
Piglet age: 3 wks old pigs more active than younger pigs Time of the day: the earlier it was the rope exposure, the higher it
was the success rate (Best ~ 6 AM; Poor ≥ 8 AM) Substrate: peanut butter slightly improved success rate (extra work) Rope height from floor: better when rope is close to floor Family sampling: superior (>80%) than litter sampling (~40%) Prior training: improved the litter sampling success rate (+20%).
PRRS detection
![Page 24: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Litter Sampling
Family Sampling
Dr Marcelo Almeida
PRRS detection
![Page 25: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
10%
90%
CTRL-FAMILY/CTRL-LITTER
20%
80%
ctrl-LITTER/ctrl-LITTER
15.07 ± 11.08 mL
14.42 ± 13.17 mL
2.35 ± 1.87 mL
3.44 ± 2.68 mL
4.13 ± 2.98 mL
3.63 ± 1.58 mL
Succ
ess C
riter
ion
= 0.
5 m
L =
91.6
6% S
ucce
ss
100%
PEANUT-FAMILY/PEANUT-FAMILY
100%
CTRL-FAMILY/CTRL-FAMILY
10%
90%
PEANUT-FAMILY/PEANUT-LITTER
10%
90%
PEANUT-LITTER/PEANUT-LITTER
30%
70%
No training/PEANUT-LITTER
40%
60%
No training/control-LITTER
4.70 ± 4.11 mL
4.87 ± 2.23 mL
![Page 26: Dr. Daniel Linhares - Update on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) stability studies and flash updates on PRRS detection and biosecurity studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081520/58ab580a1a28abbc2a8b4801/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank you:
Daniel Linhares DVM MBA PhDVDPAM, Iowa State [email protected] http://field-prrs.blogspot.com/
Abattoir study:Dr Dion Dr DonovanDr MurrayDr WisemanDr Sundberg