draft pocket manual on implementation of green ship recycling

FOREWORD

The present document is a revision of the Pocket Book Manual to Green Ship Recycling published in a draft form December 2005 to the intersessional working group.

The report was initiated by the Danish EPA to assist implementation of the Basel Con-vention Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound management for full and partial dismantling of ships. The project was steered by Lone Schou of DK EPA, and developed by project manager Frank Stuer-Lauridsen (DHI Water & Environment) and Klaus Winther Ringgaard (COWI).

The guide applies to all developments for green recycling be it in countries that were previously engaged in ship scrapping, countries new to the industry or the existing breakers primarily in Asian countries. It is foreseen, however, that the latter will be the main users of the guide and the emphasis is on development of existing substandard fa-cilities.

The International Maritime Organization and the International Labour Organization are also deeply engaged in the addressing the issue of ship recycling. Presently, these or-ganisations and the Basel Convention Secretariat participates in a joint working group to coordinate efforts and bring the various guidance documents issued on ship recycling, ship breaking and ship dismantling into a combined document. The present document does not aim at addressing the issued covered by IMO and ÌLO, but may form a Basel Convention contribution to the process.

The revision of the draft version of December 2005 includes a modification of table 3.8 on disposal and the addition of three new tables 3.9-.3.11 addressing the management of hazardous waste seen from the primary handling point of view: is it solid, liquid or in-tegrated in equipment?

Also presented to the working group is a more detailed table on hazardous materials as they may be found in the vessel’s structure and equipment, generated during operation or located in stores. The table points out the typical occurrences and labelling codes for hazardous materials according to Basel Convention classification, and may be appended to the Pocket Book Manual.

We will appreciate your comments before 20 September 2006.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Draft BJune 2006

Implementation of Green Ship Recycling

Pocket Book Manual

Draft B June 2006


Draft BJune 2006


Pocket Book Manual

Draft B June 2006

Agern Allé 5DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark

Tel: +45 4516 9200Fax: +45 4516 9292Dept. fax:e-mail: [email protected]: www.dhi.dk

Client


Client’s representative

Lone Schou

Project


Project No

53828

Authors

Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, DHIKlaus Winther Ringgaard, COWI

DateJune 2006

Approved by

B Draft FSL FSL KIG 270606

A Draft FSL FSL TMA 061205

Revision Description By Checked Approved Date

Key words

Ship recycling, Hazardous waste, Basel Convention

Classification

Open

Internal

Proprietary

Distribution No of copies

Danish Environmental Protection AgencyDHI:

Lone Schou

CONTENTS

1 Introduction...................................................................................................................1-1

2 LAYOUT OF GREEN RECYCLING YARD..................................................................2-1

3 THE UPGRADING OR DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN YARD...................................3-13.1 Green Issues Prior to Arrival........................................................................................3-13.2 On Arrival Verification and Pre-cleaning Process.........................................................3-13.3 Dismantling Process.....................................................................................................3-13.4 Interim Storage, Transport and Disposal......................................................................3-13.5 Contingency Plans and Monitoring Programmes.........................................................3-1

APPENDICES (NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT)

A Paper trail procedure and certifications

B Table of onboard hazardous materials, locations and labelling codes

i DHI Water & Environment

1 INTRODUCTION

The present implementation guide should be seen as a brief “pocket-book” version of the existing Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of the Full and Partial Dismantling of Ships published by the Basel Convention in 2003.

It is primarily aimed at the operators of yards interested in entering the market for green recycling through upgrading of an existing yard. The information is given at the level where the management and their contractors can develop the actual plan for upgrading based on the guidance and the information sources given.

Yards engaged in upgrading will most likely address safety and health issues and up-grade the purchasing procedures simultaneously with addressing the environmental is-sues. The guidance outlined in the International Maritime Organization (2003) Guidelines on Ship Recyling and the International Labour Organization (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Turkey should be con-sulted for these issues.

The IMO guideline contains an outline for the information and documents to be ex-changed prior to sale and after sale between Shipowner/Seller, Recycling State Author-ities and Recycling Facility/Buyer. With respect to the proper initiation of a green re-cycling process two key documents are 1) the ship’s Green Passport, including the Haz-ardous Materials Inventory, which is the responsibility of the shipowner and 2) the Ship Recycling Plan, which is prepared by the Ship Recycling Facility. With these docu-ments prepared during the sale of the vessel the pre-cleaning process can be planned and partly initiated prior to arrival of the ship at the recycling facility. The overall remaining activities in an environmental context are the core recycling process of dismantling the vessel and the final storage, transport and disposal of hazardous materials. In case of a towed vessel, pre-cleaning may be completed before the final voyage, and the fate of hazardous waste must be transparent and in compliance with relevant legislation and guidance.

During the complete recycling activities, a yard should be able to produce a verifiable paper trail of the procedures, subcontractors and facilities employed in the process. This includes requesting and documenting the procedures for final disposal of various haz-ardous wastes from contractors.

1 DHI Water & Environment

2 LAYOUT OF GREEN RECYCLING YARD

The recycling of vessels is performed by facilities using primarily three modes of ac-cessing the ship during the dismantling: beaching, quay side mooring or dry docking. Slip way recycling is also used for larger vessels in combination with beaching and pier breaking.

Upgrading to green recycling according to the Basel Convention Guideline entails that it is preferable to break along a quay or pier rather than on a beach/tidal mud flat and ul-timately to break in dry docks rather than at piers. Several countries and organisations have initiated and implemented procedures and techniques locally for improving the en-vironmental and working conditions in ship recycling. This includes the beach and slip way approach in Turkey, pier breaking in China and tidal flat beaching in Bangladesh. The lessons learned from these activities should be consulted when available

Several recycling yards employing pier breaking have implemented workers health and environmental management systems allowing them to achieve certification by interna-tional organisations, OHS and ISO (examples from China). The experiences of these yards can also be consulted. Finally, the full upgrading to breaking in dry docks is rare in ship breaking, but experiences within the decommissioning of naval ships or offshore platforms can be consulted (USA, UK, Norway).

A generic plan for the organisation and layout of a ship recycling yard is given in the Basel Convention Guideline Chapter 5 and a schematic map is shown overleaf. A key issue in the development and organisation of a safe yard is the separation of hazardous activities, incl. handling of hazardous materials, from other activities in the yard. It is obvious that depending of the type of facility and the sophistication of the methods em-ployed presently the upgrading may have many starting points. Nevertheless, very simple measures may indeed be the most critical, and this includes a well organised and timely separation of activities, good housekeeping in the use and disposal of chemicals used in the dismantling activities and the combined efforts made to avoid accidents, fires and explosions. The ILO Guidelines can be consulted for this.


Schematic layout of Ship Recycling Facility according to ESM approach.


3 THE UPGRADING OR DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN YARD

When upgrading a yard to offer green recycling it should be considered to which level the yard should upgrade. The starting point is different between existing shipbreaking yards and between countries, and the sequence and timing of upgrade may therefore also be different. The Basel Convention Guideline on Environmental Sound Manage-ment of Full and Partial Dismantling of Ships allows in Section 7 and Table 11 for a se-quenced achievement of compliance to the guide over a 10 years period. The yard should consider these issues and chose their path. In the following tables the steps relates to hazardous materials and the protection of the environment are outlined for each activity of the ship recycling procedure beginning with

the purchase and prior-to-arrival activities,

the pre-cleaning,

the dismantling and

the storage, transport and disposal.

The upgrading to green recycling may entail a number of investments for a given yard, both in terms of “software”, i.e. training of personnel and increasing awareness, and in terms of improving the tools, personal protection equipment and equipment used. Some of the investments may be substantial and the Basel Convention Guideline contains an approximate ranking of costs in pages 71-79.

An inventory of hazardous materials onboard may have been carried out during pur-chase or a green passport may be available. This forms the basis of a pre-cleaning activ-ity, which is crucial for the protection of both workers and environmental health. The pre-cleaning may be carried out before transport to the yard if the vessel is towed, or it is performed on arrival. The yard must establish a team skilled in identifying and la-belling hazardous material onboard, both for the verification of an existing inventory or for the development of a new. The training of the specialised employees could be made available e.g. through a national association of shipowners or shipbreakers, or via inter-national organisations.

The typical hazardous materials onboard are well known and it is likely that guidance for their removal and regulation of their storage, transport and disposal is available in national regulation. The establishment of an Environmental Management System at the yard may also be helpful in achieving compliance and such a system will allow the yard to be certified through internationally recognised systems, such as ISO.

Whether the yard itself manages the disposal of hazardous waste or the activity is out-sourced to a company, performed by a utility or local authority, the fate of all hazardous materials should be thoroughly documented in a green recycling facility. The disposal facilities used must therefore also provide the yard with proof of their approval, licence or certification documents. Provisions for disposal of some of the most prominent wastes are given in tables in the Storage, Transport and Disposal section.


3.1 Green Issues Prior to Arrival

Table 3.1 Green Recycling Issues Addressed During Contract Negociations

General Issues Actions

The yard must obtain information on hazardous materials onboard already when accepting a vessel.

A request for the ship’s Green Passport and the inventory according to “Inventory Of Potentially Hazardous Materials On Board” from IMO Guideline should be submitted to shipowner.

Approval for import of ship destined for scrapping.

The relevant local authorities should be informed.

Documentation of management of envir-onmental issues

Paper trail documentation initiated during acquisition.

Special issues

Ballast water management Seller and Buyer’s should agree to use the IMO guidelines for ballast water man-agement prior to arrival

Residual materials (e.g cargo, bunker, fuels, bilge, holds/tanks

Seller and Buyer’s agreement on use of a cleaning station or MARPOL facilities en route

Non-acceptable materials onboard Initiate pre-cleaning prior to arrival, re-ex-port hazardous waste according to inter-national rules, or reject of ship

Guidelines, recommendation etc.

Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. page 44Guidance for paper trail (Danish/Dutch procedure when available?)

International Maritime Organization, IMO (2003) IMO Guidelines on Ship Recyling. Resolution A.962(23) Adopted on 5 December 2003 (Agenda item 19). Section 8 relates to paper trail and appendix 3 is a template for Hazardous Materials Inventory.International Chamber of Shipping, ICS (2001). Industry code of practice on ship re-cycling and Inventory of potentially hazardous materials on board, International Chamber of Shipping, London, 2001 (www.marisec.org).IMO Assembly Resolution A.868(20): “Guidelines for the control and management of ships ballast water to minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and patho-gens”.


Table 3.2 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in the Ship Recycling Plan.


Planning of a safe recycling process The dismantling process should only be initiated after development of a detailed plan for the sequence of activities. A guid-ance document is available from IMO and it calls for a Safety and Health Plan, an Environmental Compliance Plan and an Operational Plan.

Ensuring that site layout corresponds to a safe dismantling process

Segregate activities in time and space while ensuring the flow of equipment, re-sources and traffic.

Special issues

The Ship Recycling Plan should address particular issues related to each indi-vidual vessel

If required, the recycling plan is submitted and negotiated with authorities and stake-holders

Paper trail Prepare documentation of activities. The Plan is a key document demonstrating that the yard takes verifiable consideration to the environment through the Environ-mental Compliance Plan.

Identification Develop the procedures for identifying and labelling all hazardous materials and areas, incl. enclosed spaces. Ensure availability of skilled crew from Buyer.

Pre-cleaning A key element is the Operational Plan scheduling the procedures for removing hazardous material while dismantling the vessel.

On site transport and storage Directions for transport and storage under safe conditions are developed. The in-terim storage facilities must ensure con-tainment conditions in case of spills.

Disposal of hazardous materials The removal of hazardous material from yard for disposal under appropriate envir-onmental sound management conditions must be verifiable.


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Chapter 6 and Table 10.International Maritime Organization, IMO (2004) Guidelines for the Development of the Ship Recycling Plan. Circular 419.International Maritime Organization, IMO (2003) IMO Guidelines on Ship Recyling – Appendices 3, 4 and 5. Resolution A.962(23) Adopted on 5 December 2003 (Agenda item 19).ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 7.2.


3.2 On Arrival Verification and Pre-cleaning Process

Table 3.3 Green Recycling Issues related to Securing and Inspection Verifying the Hazardous Materi-als Inventory on Arrival of Vessel.


Status of the Hazardous Materials In-ventory developed by shipowner and/or buyer

Preferably, the ship’s crew has identified and marked the hazardous materials on-board during the last voyage.

Ship arrival status comply to agreed pre-arrival cleaning activities

The yard’s pre-cleaning crew must check the accuracy and completeness of the la-belling or removal of hazardous materials, and if needed complete labelling to the quality standards of the yard.

Special issues

Hazardous wastes collected during final voyage must be secured.

Hazardous waste that is ready for trans-port, storage and disposal or reuse, such as stores of e.g. oil, should be classified and labelled according to relevant national or international legislation. Other polluting materials should be marked to allow proper handling during dismantling.

Residual hazardous or polluting materi-als must be removed

Contingency measures taken, e.g. oil spill booms in place. For transport measures see section 3.4

Reusable equipment removed and brought to storage

Ensure safe transport to shore. For trans-port measures see section 3.4


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Appendix B. International Maritime Organization, IMO (2003) IMO Guidelines on Ship Recyling – Appendix 3. Resolution A.962(23) Adopted on 5 December 2003 (Agenda item 19).International Chamber of Shipping, ICS (2001). Industry code of practice on ship re-cycling and Inventory of potentially hazardous materials on board, International Chamber of Shipping, London, 2001 (www.marisec.org).IMO Assembly Resolution A.868(20): “Guidelines for the control and management of ships ballast water to minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and patho-gens”


Table 3.4 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Pre-Cleaning.


The identified hazardous materials should be carefully removed as it be-comes accessible.

The Ship Recycling Plan should contain detailed directions for the sequence of events in dismantling and the appropriate actions to be taken to recover all hazard-ous material in a safe manner. The directions must be followed carefully

Containment The removed materials and products shall be stored in a dedicated area with hard bottom and equipped with containment walls sized to contain the maximum volume of the largest storage tank

Good housekeeping Keep a clean recycling site and separate wastes and keep them separated.

Special issues

Asbestos Pre-cleaning operations involving a risk of occupational exposure to airborne asbes-tos dust shall be performed in accordance with the appropriate ILO code of practice (1984)

PCB Possible PCB containing equipment and products shall be identified and tested for PCB-content. PCB-containing products/equipment shall be removed according to requirements found in UNEP 1999

Metals The metals shall be sorted into separate waste fractions and reused, according to Basel Convention guidelines.Cables shall not be burned at site

Organotins Avoid generating and wasting paint chips Oil and oily water Removed to safe tank arrangement

equipped to reduce risk of spills and to contain the maximum volume of the largest storage tank, according to Basel Convention guidelines

Sludge and bilge water Reduce generation of bilge water from rain water during dismantling. Removed to safe tank arrangement equipped to re-duce risk of spills and to contain the max-imum volume of the largest storage tank. Decide on pollutant concentrations and thus possible disposal

Freons Freons shall be recovered to closed cylin-ders from cooling systems before remov-ing the systems themselves

Ballast water The ballast water should be cleaned, ac-cording to IMO Resolution A.868(20), be-fore acceptance of ship at recycling facility



ILO 1984. Code of practise on safety in the use of asbestosUNEP, August 1999. Guidelines for Identification of PCBs and materials containing PCBs.IMO Resolution A.868(20): Guidelines for the control and management of ship's bal-last water to minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and patogensBasel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Page 46-49International Maritime Organization, IMO (2004) Guidance document on the Ship Re-cycling Plan.United Nations Environment Programme. Montreal Protocol on Substances that De-plete the Ozone Layer. UNEP. 1987. Last amended September, 1997International Maritime Organization, IMO (2003) IMO Guidelines on Ship Recyling – Appendix 1. Resolution A.962(23) Adopted on 5 December 2003 (Agenda item 19).


3.3 Dismantling Process

Table 3.5 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Dismantling.


Avoid accidents that could lead to a re-lease of hazardous materials to the en-vironment

The Safety and Health Management Sys-tem must provide procedures reducing the risk for unintentional spills and prescribe the use of personal protection equipment.

Employ equipment leading to less envir-onmental risk

The use of cranes, fork lifts, motorised equipment, etc. should be employed in particular for operations involving hazard-ous materials or high risk of accidents

Special issues

Explosions and fires caused by unsafe use of torches and cutters

Employ test and certificates on “Gas-free for Hot Work” to ensure safe dismantling process.

Entry into confined and enclosed spaces

Employ test and certificates on “Enclosed Space Entry Permit” to ensure safe dis-mantling process.

Limit the generation of bilge water Manage and drain rain water from vessel during dismantling

Paints on structures may contain fire re-tarding compounds, antifouling agents or heavy metals

Paints should be removed from cutting lines


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Section 5.4.International Maritime Organization, IMO (2004) Guidance document on the Ship Re-cycling Plan.International Maritime Organization, IMO (2003) IMO Guidelines on Ship Recyling – Appendix 4 and 5. Resolution A.962(23) Adopted on 5 December 2003 (Agenda item 19).ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key.


3.4 Interim Storage, Transport and Disposal

Table 3.6 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Interim Storage.


Reusable and recyclable items Ensure good housekeeping, label materi-als appropriately and if possible store pro-tected from rain.

Waste Must be carefully inventorised and appro-priate containers labelled. Storage must follow appropriate guidelines.

Special issues

Asbestos Asbestos shall be stored in a manner that does not pose a health risk to the workers concerned, or to the population in the vi-cinity of the enterprise. Measures shall be taken by the competent authority and by employers to prevent pollution of the en-vironment by asbestos dust released from the workplace (typically involving wetting and double layer plastic bags).

PCB PCB waste must be stored in accordance with the Stockholm Convention and Draft Technical Guidelines prepared by Basel Convention and the Stockholm Conven-tion

Metals (non-ferrous) Metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, beryllium must be kept separately con-tained, and in particular mercury in sealed containers.

Organotins Organotin leaches from paints and paint chips. Steel plates with TBT paint should be stored under roof and in an imper-meable area with drains.

Oil and oily waste Store oil and fuel in a safe tank arrange-ment including leakage detection, overfill monitoring and corrosion protection. Oily waste and used oil should be kept in ded-icated tank and labelled accordingly.


Draft Technical Guidelines on the Environmentally Sound Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants as Waste, Open-Ended Working Group of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, First Session, Geneva, 28 April - 2 May 2003 (not published)ILO (1986) C162 Asbestos ConventionILO (1990) C170 Chemicals ConventionBasel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Page 46-57.ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 9.


Table 3.7 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Transport.


Reusable and recyclable items Ensure good housekeeping, label materi-als appropriately and if possible store pro-tected from rain.

Waste Must be carefully inventoried and appro-priate containers labelled. Storage must follow appropriate guidelines.

Transport contractors Ensure compliance of subcontractors to pertinent national and international regula-tion and guidance. A national licensing system may be in place.

Special issues

Asbestos Asbestos waste shall be packaged, la-belled and transported according to UN-ECE recommendations.

PCB PCB containing waste (> 50mg/kg) shall be packaged, labelled and transported ac-cording to UNECE recommendations.

Metals No special requirements unless the metals are contaminated with hazardous substances.

Organotins Organotin containing waste shall be pack-aged, labelled and transported according to UNECE recommendations.

Oil and oily water Specific types of oil, e.g. diesel shall be packaged, labelled and transported ac-cording to UNECE recommendations

Sludge There are no requirements to oil sludges. If other components are anticipated, the waste shall be analysed in order to de-termine the concentration and whether the waste is dangerous goods.

Freons and CFCs Freon and CFC gases waste shall be packaged, labelled and transported ac-cording to UNECE recommendations.


United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (ST/SG/AC.10/1Rev.5, United Nations, New York, 1988)United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE (2004): UN Model Regu-lations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 14th edition


Table 3.8 Overall Green Recycling Issues to be addressed regarding hazardous waste Disposal.


Environmental Sound Management in Disposal issues

Ensure compliance of subcontractors to pertinent national and international regula-tion and guidance. A national licensing system may be in place for disposal facilit-ies

Special issues

Solid hazardous wasteAsbestos-containing materials To be disposed in hazardous waste land-

fillOther non-metallic inorganic materials Some glass fractions are to be disposed

in hazardous waste landfillMetals and metal bearing wastes (non-ferrous)

Reusable and recyclable are separated. Fractions containing hazardous materials to be sent to secure disposal

Liquid hazardous wastePCBs and related substances Stored under Environmental Sound Man-

agement procedures or definitively dis-posed

Oil, fuel and oily wastes Under certain conditions oil and fuel may be reused. Waste oil and sludge must be collected and disposed safely.

Paints and coatings, varnishes, solvents Collected from removal operations and in-cinerated or stored in secure landfill

Bilge water Treated water may comply to standards and be discharged. Sludge is disposed in secure landfill

Other hazardous wastes Must be handled in an environmentally sound manner

Ballast water Biological hazards handled pre-arrival or upon arrival according to section 2.1

EquipmentVarious hazardous materials Equipment may contain any of the above

mentioned hazardous materials. Some fractions are found in particular instrument etc.


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Chapter 6.Stockholm Convention (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollut-ants. Article 6ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 9.UNEP Non-incineration procedures for PCBs


Table 3.9 Major solid hazardous wastes in ship recycling. In general, generation of dust, fibres, abra-sion grits etc. should be avoided or collected if generated. Specialised authorities or licensed companies may be available handling disposal.

Special issues – Solid Hazardous Waste

Actions

Asbestos-containing materials Asbestos Disposed sealed in double bags in haz-

ardous waste landfill ensuring contain-ment

Asbestos compounded in other materi-als (ACM)

Disposed sealed in double bags in haz-ardous waste landfill ensuring contain-ment

Other inorganic materialsGlass in cathode tubes, computers, TV and radio equipment

Disposed in hazardous waste landfill en-suring containment

Ferrous materialsCoated plates Coatings may be flammable or contain

other hazardous substances. Depending on the recycling method coatings may be left in place.

Non-ferrous metal wasteLead Lead in batteries should be sent to secure

disposal or safe reuseZinc Anodes to safe reuse or if corroded to se-

cure disposalOther solid hazardous wastesSolid paint waste may contain lea, chro-mium, copper, arsenic, TBT and other hazardous compounds, such as PCBs

Grits from abrasive blasting must be col-lected and disposed in in hazardous waste landfill ensuring containment

Pesticides and chemicals from ships stores

Can be reused provided labelling is ad-equate and usage allowed. Otherwise dis-posed by incineration or in hazardous waste landfill ensuring containment

Plastics Plastics are covered by MARPOL 73/78 and should be disposed of accordingly


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Chapter 4, 6 and Appendix B.Stockholm Convention (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollut-ants. Article 6ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 9.MARPOL Convention 73/78. Annex VUNEP Non-incineration procedures for PCBs


Table 3.10 Major liquid hazardous wastes in ship recycling. In general, leaks and spills should be avoided or collected in drains, if generated. Specialised authorities or licensed companies may be available handling disposal..

Special issues – Liquid Hazardous Waste

s

Oil, fuel and oily wastes Under certain conditions oil and fuel may be reused, if necessary after regenera-tion. Sludge from vessels and interim stor-age tank should go to hazardous waste facility or secure landfill

PCBs and related substances Stored under Environmental Sound Man-agement procedures or definitively dis-posed as described in Stockholm conven-tion. Typically removed by a licenced company to incineration or disposal in ap-proved facilities

Paints, varnishes, solvents, lubricants Collected from stores and removal opera-tions and incinerated or stored in secure landfill. In some cases the materials can be reused.

Other liquid hazardous wastes Halons, CFCs, battery electrolytes etc. must be handled in an environmentally sound manner. Typically removed by a li-censed company.

Mercury May be found leaking from safety valves or in drains due to spills. Must be dis-posed in sealed container to hazardous waste facility.

Bilge water Water tested for hazardous compounds before treatment and discharge according to (inter-)national standards. Sludge should disposed in secure landfill

Ballast water Biological hazards to be handled pre-ar-rival or upon arrival according to section 2.1


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Chapter 6.Basel Convention Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting of , containing or contaminated with PCBs, PCT or PBBsStockholm Convention (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollut-ants. Article 6ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 9.International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (2004) Under ratification.UNEP Non-incineration procedures for PCBs


Table 3.11 Major hazardous wastes found in equipment in ship recycling and their disposal..

Special issues – Hazardous Waste in Equipment

Actions

Asbestos integrated with equipment If equipment cannot be freed of asbestos safely, the entity must be disposed of in sealed in double bags in hazardous waste landfill ensuring containment

PCBs and related substances May be drained from transformers and hy-draulic systems, but is disposed with ca-pacitors, cable insulation, gaskets, paints etc.

Heavy metals, incl. lead, chromium, nickel

Motors, generators, electronic equipment, batteries, paints etc.

Mercury Fractions in switches, thermometers, pressure sensors should be sent to se-cure disposal or safe reuse

Sources of radiation Materials emitting low level radiation may be found in electronic equipment, smoke detectors, emergency signs

Oil, fuel and oily wastes Under certain conditions oil and fuel may be reused

Paints and paint-removal waste contain-ing chromium, TBT, arsenic

Collected from removal operations and in-cinerated or stored in secure landfill

Bilge water Water tested for hazardous compounds for cleaning and discharge. Sludge dis-posed in secure landfill

Ballast water Handled during pre-arrival or upon arrival according to section 2.1

Other hazardous wastes PVC, cable insulation, flame retarded equipment etc. must be handled in an en-vironmentally sound manner


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Chapter 4 and 6.Stockholm Convention (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollut-ants. Article 6ILO (2003) Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Tur-key. Section 9.International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (2004) Under ratification.UNEP Non-incineration procedures for PCBs


3.5 Contingency Plans and Monitoring Programmes

Table 3.12 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Contingency Plans.


Risk management and containment Prepare contingency and response plan. The existence and implementation of the contingency plan should be a key instru-ment in limiting impact to the environment from spills and accidents.

Special issues

Contents of environmental contingency plan

Develop environmental contingency plan. Proposed outline and contents can be found in UNEP/OCHA Guidelines.

Response to spills A spill cleaning procedure, including safe handling operations and appropriate pro-tective clothing should be established. An example of a general procedure can be found in the Basel Convention Guidelines.

Spills of oil in the sea Oil spill booms must be placed around the vessel at all times in a distance from the vessel. After containment is secured and if safe for personnel, recovery of oil/chem-ical from the sea, by the use of skimmers, shall be initiated, and recovered to sealed containers.

Spills in storage facilities Liquid chemicals including oils must be stored in hard surfaced locations surroun-ded by containment walls sufficient to contain the maximum volume of the largest storage tank. Recovery of chemic-als/oils by pumps and absorbents.

Fires Fire fighting equipment must be available. Response to fires shall be part of environ-mental contingency plan.

Emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness and response arrangements should be maintained through training and exercises, according to ILO guidelines.


UNEP/OCHA. Guidelines for the development of a national environmental contin-gency planBasel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. page 65International Maritime Organization: IMO Oil Pollution Manual. Section 4. Combating Oil Spill.


Table 3.13 Green Recycling Issues to be addressed in Monitoring.


Compliance with local regulation, na-tional or international certification on dis-charges

Agree monitoring programme with relev-ant authorities. Ensure competent sampling and analysis, if yard responsibil-ity.

Special issues

Waste stream in and out of yard recor-ded

The environmental management system should allow for estimation of waste streams and their fate.

Waste water monitoring Discharge monitoring programme estab-lished

Monitoring of noise, air, soil and water Environmental monitoring programme es-tablished


Basel Convention (2003) Technical guidelines for the environmentally sound man-agement for full and partial dismantling of ships. Table 3, Section 4.3 and 4.4, Chapter 6


A P P E N D I C E S

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A P P E N D I X A

Paper trail procedure and certifications

/tt/file_convert/586a24301a28ab44568c1ebd/document.doc DHI Water & Environment

A P P E N D I X B

Table of onboard hazardous materials, locations and labelling codes

/tt/file_convert/586a24301a28ab44568c1ebd/document.doc A-1 DHI Water & Environment

draft pocket manual on implementation of green ship recycling

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