10th Annual Breakthroughs in Tunneling Short Course, Chicago, IL

August 14-16, 2017

Durability Design of Tunnel Liners

Jon KaneshiroPARSONS CORPORATION

Monday August 14: 4:40 to 5:00 PM

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Agenda

1. Corrosion Considerations

2. One versus Two Pass Linings

3. Definitions

4. Innovations in One Pass Corrosion Resistant Linings

5. Conclusions

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1 Corrosion Considerations

• External

• Internal

▪ Life Cycle Costs

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Tunnel Facility Types and Typical Exposure ConditionsCodes & Practices, Design Life

(Joye et al., 2016)

Formal Definition of Design Life

XXX

X

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Damaging Effects of Steel ReinforcementConcrete Mix Design is Key

(Joye et al., 2016)

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External: Darcy’s Law

v = Q = i k = (h/l ) k Awhere: v = flow velocityi = hydraulic gradientQ = flow volumeA = cross sectional areah = head lost in mediuml = flow path lengthk = coefficient of permeability

H

Ground = 4Segments = 3Concrete = 2Protection Liner = 1

1 2 34

h a l/kH = h1 + h2 +h3 + h4

p1 = (h1/H) x 100% or p1 = h1 / (h1 + h2 +h3 + h4)x 100%,

p1 = [(l1/k1) / (l1/k1 + l1/k1 + l1/k1+ l1/k1)] x 100%

Ground surface

External Corrosion

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1 1

D

t

__D = k x H x DL

tD = length of column of water that

will flow thru liner over design life

k = permeability of liner

H = Hydraulic Head

t = Liner thickness

DL = Design life (in seconds)

V = k x i

Cl migration mass/unit = D x 1 x 1 x Cl gw concentration

BS 8110 Part 1, Table 6.4: 0.4% allowable concentration

Conclusions External Corrosion

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Internal Coatings help Limit seepage/flow through of ions

External Coatings can also be of benefit

Reduce Permeability of Materials

Micro Silica, Silica fume, PFA, GGBFS

Increase thickness

Life 365 Service Life Prediction Model

ASTM

Internal Corrosion

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Example of Internal Corrosion

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Internal Abrasion

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2 One vs. Two Pass

2 One vs. Two Pass Linings

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One and Two Pass Jacked

One and Two Pass Tunneled

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Two-pass versus one-pass liner system

Main Advantages of Two-Pass System:

•Longer life span

•Very low leakage rate, less joints

•Less concern over quality initial support

Main Disadvantages of Two Pass System:

•More costly

•Longer construction schedule

•Construction challenge of pipe installation

•Requires larger outside diameter tunnel

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3 Definitions

3 Definitions

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EPA – Emerging Technologies for Conveyance Systems 2006

Embryonic – They are in the development stage and/or have been tested at laboratory, bench, or pilot-scale only.

Innovative – They have been tested at a demonstration scale, are available and implemented in at least some locations in the United States, or have some degree of initial use (i.e., implemented in less than 1 percent of rehabilitation/replacement projects throughout the United States).

Established – They have been utilized in many locations (i.e., more than 1 percent of the rehabilitation/replacement projects), or have been available and implemented in the United States for more than 5 years.

Internal Liner Protection

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Standard of Practice (Established)

State of the Art (Emerged, Innovative)

Emerging (Innovative)

Embryonic

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Tunneling Technology Liner StatusCategory Technology

SO

P

SO

A

Em

erg

ing

Em

bry

on

ic

One Pass Segmented Ameron T-Lock - PVC X

Herrenknecht - GRP X X

Steuler - HDPE X

Semans - Geomembrane X

Solid Cast Polymer X

Other Polymer X

One Pass Jacking Ameron T-Lock in Conc. Pipe X

FRP/GRP/VCP/Polymer Pipe X

Two Pass Install Ameron T-Lock in Conc. Pipe X

FRP/GRP/VCP/Polymer Pipe X

Two Pass Cast in Place Plastic Liner PVC, HDPE, Sekusui X X

Two Pass Mastic Applied

Plastic lining

Linabond X X

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4 Innovations

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4 Innovations in One Pass Corrosion Resistant Linings

State-of-the-Art

Emerged/Emerging Technologies

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Upper Northwest Interceptor Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District

Embedded PVC Liner in Segmented

Liner, Sacramento, CA

>19000 ft / 5.8 km

12 ft diameter

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Upper Northwest Interceptor Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District

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Upper Northwest Interceptor Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District

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Gravity Sewer Tunnel, Panama City

27,000 ft/8.2 km

11 ft/3.4 m ID, 3.8 OD

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Gravity Sewer Tunnel, Panama CityMinimum radius = 190 m

Many curves radius = 250 m +

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Gravity Sewer Tunnel, Panama City

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Yuzhny sewage, Tsaritsyno, Moscow

MGUP Mosvodokanal

500-m-long section

Combisegments w/GRP Innerliner

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Yuzhny sewage, Tsaritsyno, Moscow

Combisegments w/GRP Innerliner

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Yuzhny sewage, Tsaritsyno, Moscow

Combisegments w/GRP Innerliner

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Yuzhny sewage, Tsaritsyno, Moscow

Combisegments w/GRP Innerliner

Polymer

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102” ID Direct Bury Pipe 120” ID Junction Structures – City of Houston

96’L x 40’W x 15’D Panelized Acid Neuralization Pit – Dow, Canada

SCP Precast Floor Slabs – Dow Chemical (Magnesium Plant), Freeport, TX

Solidcast Polymer

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Steuler HDPE

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HDPE

Seaman bonded woven geomembrane

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5 Conclusions

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Conclusions

Establish Corrosion Criteria:

▪External and Internal

Alternatives

Embryonic, Emerging, SOA, SOP

Market Place to Decide

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.

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References (cont.)

25. Kaneshiro, J.Y., K. Kuhr and D.R. Yankovich, 2012, Corrosion proofing to protect sewers Part 1” Feature under Technical: Corrosion Protection, Tunnels and Tunneling North America, December/January

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40. Personal Communication, 2010, George Williamson, Traylor Brothers. June 7

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Thank You!