dyeing of synthetic fibers

8/3/2019 Dyeing of Synthetic Fibers

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Dyeing of synthetic fibers

By:

Haqiqat Ali (12)

Pulkit Mishra (20)

Under the guidance of:

Mrs. T. Srivani (DFT)


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Dyeing: Process of imparting colours to a textilematerial through a dye (colour)

Obtained from flowers, nuts, berries andother vegetable, plants, animal and mineral

sources.Synthetic fibers: synthetic fibers are created byforcing, usually through extrusion, fiber formingmaterials through holes (called spinnerets).

Improvement in the properties.

e.g. Nylon, Polyester, Spandex, Acrylic, Rayon.

Introduction


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Difficult to dye More compact, highly crystalline,

hydrophobic, low moisture regain values.

Dye of small molecular size is preferred. Less sites for the combination of dyestuff

with fabric. Slow rate of diffusion/penetration of dye.

Temp : 60

to 90

C. Carrier : 0.05 to 1.2% by weight. Solvent : 0.05 to 5% by weight.

Dyeing of synthetic fiber.


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Major dyes for Synthetic fibers

1. Disperse Dyes

Developed for the dyeing of cellulose acetate,and are substantially.

Water insoluble, work excellent on synthetics. Used for dyeing Nylon, Cellulose Triacetate,Polyester and Acrylic fibers. Dyeing temperature of 130 C is required,

sometimes, and a pressurized dye bath is usedfor this purpose.


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2. Cationic dyes.

Give colored positively charged ions, when mixedin aqueous solution.

User can add it "directly," without a fixative or

mordant, as it will remain stick to the surface. Having intensive bonding capability.

Have particularly high affinity for anionic surfaces

Positively charged surface groups are stronger overthe negatively charged surface groups.

Used for Nylon.

Major dyes for.


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3. Acid dyes.

Made up of common vinegar or citric acid.

The acid assists in creating a bond between thefabric and the dye.

Need heat and moisture to create this bond.

Used for silk and wool generally but used forNylon too. they are water-soluble and can be applied

directly to the fiber.

vinegar and food colouring are a type of aciddyes only.

Major dyes for.


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4. Fiber Reactive Dyes.

Can react directly with the fabric. chemical reaction happens between the dye and

the molecules of the fabric

fiber reactive dye is permanent clothes dyed with fiber reactive dye can

withstand many washings and still retain same

vibrant color. Works best with cellulose (plant) fibers as well

as for synthetic fibers like Modacrylic.

Major dyes for.


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Name of fibers Name of common dyes that are usedPolyester Disperse dyes

Acetate (cellulosic) Doesn't take dyes ordinarily.

Acrylic Disperse dyes

Modacrylic Fiber reactive dyes

Nylon Cationic dyes, acid dyes, disperse dyes

Orlon Disperse dye

Rayon Acetate rayon dyesSpandex Disperse dyes

Vinalon Doesn't take dyes (in normal condition)

Vinyon Doesn't take dyes (in normal condition)

Popular Dyes


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Dyeing of some important synthetic

fibers

1. Nylon Can be dyed with acid dyes or disperse dyes.

Application of heat to fix the dye to the nylon is

required in both case.Acid dye: Dissolving dye and salt in enough water. Allow it to move freely in the pot

Heat it to a simmer for ten minutes

Add vinegar and simmer another ten minutes

Allow to cool gradually and rinse out


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Temperature of between 98c and 110c.

Regulation of pH: The dyeing pH depends on thetype of dye used and the colour intensity.

Either at constant pH using a buffer system.

monosodium phosphate + disodium phosphatefor pH > or = 6.

sodium acetate or ammonium acetate + acetic

acid for pH < 6. A post-treatment with synthetic tannins is

required to improve the fastness to wettreatments of the dyes.

Nylon..


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2. Polyester

Pre-treatment is done to remove the lubricantoils and other auxiliaries used during spinningand weaving or knitting operations.

Take Lissopal D paste = 2 grams/litre and Soda

Ash = 2 grams/litre.

Treat with the above recipe at 90~95C for 20minutes.

Hot Wash @ 70C for 10 minutes. Neutralize with 1 cc/liter Acetic Acid.

Check the pH - 5.5 to 6.


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Take Lyogen DFT 0.5gpl, Sandozen PES 1gpl,Acetic Acid 1gpl,

Raise the temperature to 50C and run for 10minutes.

Add the dyestuff slowly, at pH to 5.5. to 6.

Raise the temperature to 115C at 2C per minute.

Raise the temperature further from 115C t0 135Cat 0.5C per minute.

Hold for 45 to 60 minutes according to the depthof the shade.

Do Hot Wash (70C) for 10 minutes followed by

cold wash.

Polyester.


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3. Acrylic Fibers

Modified cationic dyes are most commonly used.

Generally basic dyes have good saturation valuefor acrylic.

A temperature nearly 900C- 980C is maintained

in the process. Dyeing is carried out in the weakly acidic bath

with the help of acetic acid.

The electrolyte is added in the dye bath formedium to dark shades to exhaust the dyes .

Heating in diffusion phase is done at a controlledrate.


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Bibliography

http://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htm

http://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-

acid-dye.htm

http://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-

Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htm

http://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.html

http://www.dyespigments.com/disperse-dyes.html

http://www.dyespigments.com/cationic-dyes.html

http://www.slideshare.net/nega2002/dyeingofsyntheticfibres

http://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.html
http://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/disperse-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/cationic-dyes.htmlhttp://www.slideshare.net/nega2002/dyeingofsyntheticfibreshttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_6052649_dye-synthetic-fabric.htmlhttp://www.slideshare.net/nega2002/dyeingofsyntheticfibreshttp://www.dyespigments.com/cationic-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/cationic-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/cationic-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/disperse-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/disperse-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/disperse-dyes.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://www.dyespigments.com/dyes-synthetic-fibers.htmlhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-Is-Fiber-Reactive-Dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/What-is-acid-dye.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htmhttp://diyfashion.about.com/od/dyingandscreenprinting/f/How-To-Dye-Synthetic-Fibers.htm


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