e-learner survival guide by susan smith nash

7/23/2019 E-Learner Survival Guide by Susan Smith Nash

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EEHHEENNSSOOEESS QQUUSSRR@@RRNNHH FFUU@@IIEE

Erespygòf pdu oeei yd quaaeei ò yge

v`hi noi vddhp vdshi db ldc`he hensoòf

noi ehensoòf( noi gpcsì adhhefe(

J>3 noi ansees adusqeq/

QQUUQQNNOO QQLL@@YYGG OONNQQGG

Yewyuse [seqq

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Najodvheifleoyq

Lnyes`nh bsdl cddj vnq b`sqy {uch`qgei ò yge bdhhdvòf hdany`doq=

@oqìe EHensoòf( Ehensoesq/adl/ gyy{=$$vvv/ehensoesq/adl

Jepodye Niiseqq( Oev Lei`n Adoqdsyùl Q{sòf Adobeseoae( N{s`h 3;;7

[YYA Oeyvdsj Oevq( [eysdheul Yeagodhdfp Ysnoqbes Aduoa`h( Q{sòf 3;;0

Henso. chdf/ Nlesàno Nqqda`ny`do db [eysdheul Fedhdf`qyq( Mnounsp 3;;0

W{hnon}òe/ gyy{=$$vvv/w{hnon}òe/adl

@QCO ;,0606561,9,6 @QCO >1= 067,;,0606561,9,> E,Hensoes Qusr`rnh Fuìe

H`csnsp db Adofseqq Adoysdh Oulces= TTTTTTTTTT

B`sqy Ei`y`do ad{ps`fgy 3;;0 Quqno Ql`yg Onqg Nhh s`fgyq seqesrei

@oqìe Yewy Ieq`fo= Quqno Gduaj( Aseqaeoy Lddo Ieq`foq

Yewyuse [seqq

Qnheq noi Lnsjeyòf= Ehnòe Cdoyel{`

Qnheq noi Lnsjeyòf Dbbàe=

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[gdoe= 9;5,1>9,661;

BNW= 9;5,1>;,22>6
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YYNNCCHHEE DDBB AADDOOYYEEOOYYQQ

QPOD[Q@Q //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >

Duyhòe db [sebn a e ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >

AGN[YES >

EHENSO@OF NOI PDU ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5

Ygòjòf Ncduy EHensoòf4

Ygdufgyq bd s Oe v EHensoe sq ///////////////////////////////////////////////// 5

Dohòe Ony`do= Vgny Fsdvyg ò Dohòe [sdf snlq

Lenoq yd yge EHensoes ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0

Dohòe Iefseeq noi [sdfsnlq=

Fsdv yg noi Ldse Fsdv yg /////////////////////////////////////////////////// >3

Vgp EHensoòf4 [uhh rq/ [uqg Lnjeq

Nhh yge I`bbe seoa e /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >2

Gdv Ideq Lp Dohòe [sdf snl Adl{nse4

Gdv Nse Ygep Snojei4 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >7

Sea eqqdo[sddbei Ygsduf g Eiua n y`do= Dohòe

Hensoòf ò Yleq db Seaeqqdo( Sn{ ì Adqy

noi Yu`y`do @oa sen qeq( noi Qyn fbhn y`do ////////////////////////////// 33

[dsybdh`dq noi [s`ds Hensoòf Nqqeqqleoyq=

Adhhefe Asei `y bd s H be Ew{esèoa e ///////////////////////////////////// 35

Yd{ >3 @oodrn y`doq cp 3;35= @l{hà n y`doq bds EHensoòf // 36

AGN[YES 3QYUIP QJ@HHQ PDU V@HH OEEI YD

QUAAEEI @O EHENSO@OF //////////////////////////////////////////////// 11

Yge Ceqy Vnp yd Henso ò no Dohòe Adusqe ///////////////////////// 11

Hensoòf Qypheq noi [sebeseoa eq= QehbJodvhei fe

Ano Geh{ ò EHensoòf //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 12

QehbSefuhn y`do Qysnyef èq /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 17

Qea seyq yd Qua a eqq o no Dohòe Adusqe= [sna yàn h Qye{q // 9;Bo`qgòf Vgny Pdu Qyn sy= Qua a eqqbuh Adl{hey`do

db Pdus Adusqe( Pdus Iefsee ////////////////////////////////////////////// 95

Yge EHensoes Ldqy H`jehp yd Qua a eei =

Ierehd{ n Agea jh`qy ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 96

Qhee{ noi yge EHensoes ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5;

Yge Ceqy [dqqc he I`qa uqqdo Cdnsi Ew{esèoa e /////////////////// 53


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Geh{. Lp Dohòe Adusqe @q @l{dqqche

Vgny Id @ Id4 Yvehre Qno`ypQnròf Y{q ////////////////////////// 55

Yge Oeusdc `dhdfp db Ldy`rn y`do ///////////////////////////////////////////// 50

Jodvheife Ln onf eleoy= Elesf òf @ien q

do Jodvheife Yp{ eq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2>Uqof Beeicna j yd Nrd ì yge Inlnfòf Ebbea yq db

Qyui pòf bd s Luhy`{ he Agdàe Yeqyq ////////////////////////////////////// 25

Geh{ . @ Ano&y Id Yg`q Do Lp Dvo= Asen yòf n Hensoòf

Adlluo`yp ò Pdus Dohòe Adusqe //////////////////////////////////// 26

EHensoòf Qusr`rn h Qj`hhq /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 20

Ien hòf v`yg I`qysna y`doq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6>

[qpa gd hdf àn h Ah`lnye ò n o Dohòe Adusqe //////////////////////// 61

@oqysua ydsHensoes Cegn r`dsq Ew{ hnòei cp

HeniesLelces Ewagnof e Ygedsp //////////////////////////////////// 60

Qysn yefà N{ {sdn a geq yd Ln òyn òòf n Fsen y F[N ////////// 7>

Dohòe [esqdon h`yp Yeqyq= Jod v Pdusqehb(

Jodv Gdv yd Qua a eei ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 79

Aguoj Pdus Vnp yd no N ////////////////////////////////////////////////// 77

Qda `nh Oeyvdsjq noi EHensoòf =

Ano Yge p Geh{ Pdu Qua a eei4 //////////////////////////////////////////// 0;

Vec Eoa pa hd{ei `nq( Ià y`don sèq( noi Nsyà heq=

Vgese n se yge Bsee Vec Cnqei Seqensa g

Qdusaeq noi [selùl Hcsnsp Qesrà eq4 //////////////////////////// 01

Bsee Dohòe Lnyg Serèvq= Nui `d( Rìed( @oyesna y`re /////// 07

Adhhefe Asei `y Cp Ewnl ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >;;

Yge Qj hhq Pdu Oeei yd Qua a eei = Bsee

Dohòe Qdbyvnse Ysnòòf ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// >;3

AGN[YES 1

YEAGO@ANH VS@Y@OF BDS YGE

OEV FSEEO ANSEESQ ///////////////////////////////////////////////// >;5

Agn sna ye s`qyà q db Yea goàn h Vs yòf //////////////////////////////////// >;2

Qye{q o Qyn syòf n oi Cu`hi òf n [hno bds

Asen yòf Ebbea y`re [seqeoyn y`doq /////////////////////////////////////// >;0

Qullns`} of noi Ncqysna yòf @obd slny`do //////////////////////// >>;

Vgeo Yd Uqe R`qun hq o Pdus Se{dsy(

[seqeoyn y`do( d s E[dsybdh`d ///////////////////////////////////////////////// >>3

Se{dsy Vs`yòf Agea jh`qy ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>9

[sd{dqn h Vs yòf Agea jh`qy ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>6


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Q{ea `bà n y`do Vs yòf Agea jh`qy ///////////////////////////////////////////// >>0

Uqof Qyn y`qyà q yd Qu{ {dsy Pdus Seqensag ////////////////////////// >3>

Ser`qdo ûeqy`doq= Hdf à Yeqyq ///////////////////////////////////////////// >31

AGN[YES 9VS@Y@OF NOI SEQENSAG QUSR@RNH ////////////////////////////// >36

Cu`hi òf Chda j N{ {sdna gyd Vs yòf Yesl [n{esq ///////////// >36

Hddj n y Pdus Yesl [n{es Qdusaeq Resp Ansebuhhp ///////////// >1>

Uoòyeoy`don h [hnf`ns`ql= @y Aduhi Gn{{eo Yd Pdu ////////// >13

Seqensag [n{es HbeQnresq= Yge

Noodyn yei Cc h`dfsn{gp ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// >15

Cu`hi òf n Seqensa g [n{es= Ern hun yòf

noi Uqof Qdusaeq /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >16

Seqensag [n{es Qgdsya uyq= B`re Qye{q ///////////////////////////////// >10

Gdv Yd Vs ye Qgd syNoqves ûeqy`doq bd s Eqqnp Yeqyq ////// >9>

Adooea yòf Sen hH be @qqueq noi Vs yòf

Adusqeq= N Bev Qnl{he Yd{ àq bds

Eqqnpq noi Seqensag [n{esq ///////////////////////////////////////////// >91

AGN[YES 5

VEC 3/; NOI EHENSOES QUAAEQQ /////////////////////////////// >96

Vgp Ld c `he Hensoòf4 @o yge Buyuse( Nhh

Adusqeq V`hh @oa hui e Qdle Ldc`he Eheleoyq ////////////////// >5>

Uqof Pdus Ae hh [gdoe yd

Qua a eei ò Pdus Dohòe Adusqe //////////////////////////////////////// >51

Oev Iere hd{ leoyq o Ldc`he Hensoòf ///////////////////////////// >55

EYsnòòf Eognoa eq Cnojòf [sdb`ync `h yp

noi El{hdpee Ebbea y`reoeqq ///////////////////////////////////////////// >56

Vec 3/; " Yge Dohòe H`csnsp= [nsnidweq( Agn hheof eq

noi D{{dsyuo`yèq bds yge Dohòe Hensoe s /////////////////////// >2>

@oodrn y`re Lnyg Ln qgu{q bds Eiua n y`do(

Adllesa e( n oi Qda `nh Oeyvdsjòf //////////////////////////////// >25

Vec 3/; Hnofunfe Hensoòf= R`syun h Vdshiq(

Qda `nh Oeyvdsjq(noi LNQGU[ Nqqeqqleoyq /////////////////// >20

Gn`ju= Vec 3/;Bsèoi hp HLQ Eoa dusnfeq

@oyesna y`do( [dsybd h`d Iere hd{ leoy ///////////////////////////////// >61

BeeiSeniesq /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >65

Noy`r`suq [sdfsnlq noi Vec 3/; N{ { hà n y`doq ////////////////// >62


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Yge `Ydua g n oi H behdof Hen soòf bd s Qeo`ds Niuhyq ////////// >67

Eiua ny`don h Lnqgu{q noi EHensoòf /////////////////////////////// >73

G`fghp Seadlleoi ei Vec 3/; Qyeq ////////////////////////////////// >79

AGN[YES 2[SDB@HEQ DB EHENSOESQ NOI ANSEESQ ////////////////////// >76

Dohòe Aesy`bà n ye [sdfsnlq Dbbes

Ansees noi [esqdon h Sevnsiq ////////////////////////////////////////// >76

Dohòe Eiua ny`do Iefseeq= U{inyòf Yena ges Qj hhq /////// >0;

Gdv Vdleo Qncdynfe Yge`s

Eiua n y`do noi Yge`s Buyuseq ////////////////////////////////////////////// >03

Yge Ief see nq no Ebbdsybuh Iea `qdo = Qua aeqq

Qysnyef èq Bds Vdleo Fdòf Cna j yd Qa gddh ///////////////// >06

Oulces Doe [sdbeqq don h

Ierehd{leoy J`hhes= Vdsjngdh`ql////////////////////////////////////// >00

EHensoòf Qua a eqq o yge Qnoi vàg

Feoesny`do Ahuyye sei Oeqy ///////////////////////////////////////////// 3;>

Dohòe Hensoòf Dbbesq Gd{e bds Vehbn se Sea `{èoyq //////// 3;5

Yge Ncuqei Vdlno noi EHensoòf=

Asen yòf Oeyvdsjq noi Qu{ {dsy /////////////////////////////////////// 3;0

Vduoiei Vnss dsq noi EHensoòf ///////////////////////////////////// 3>1

Yge Agn ofòf Bna e db Gen hyg An se= D{ {dsyuo`yèq

bds Ousqof noi Genhyg Anse Vdsjesq /////////////////////////////// 3>6

Ehel eoyn sp n oi Qea doinsp Eosdhhleoyq

[sdmea yei yd Adoyòue yd Fsdv ûà jhp ////////////////////////// 3>0

Ag`hi seoq Gen hyg Adoi `y`doq o Nlesà n=

Vgn y Id Ygep Leno yd EHensoòf 4 //////////////////////////////// 331

Vdsj{ hna eBda uqei Hnofunfe Adusqeq=

Jepq yd Ebbea y`re EHensoòf ////////////////////////////////////////////// 332

[sdbeqq`donh Ierehd{leoy noi Ads{dsnye

Ysnòòf= Yge Vec òn s Venjoeqq /////////////////////////////////////// 31;

Rìed Ah`{q o no Dohòe H yesnyuse Ad usqe=

Vgn y Vdsjq noi Vgn y Ideq Ody Vdsj //////////////////////////// 311EHensoòf noi Ag`higddi I`qdsiesq ////////////////////////////////// 315

Bnl`hp H ye sna p= Ano @y Vdsj bd s EHensoòf4 ///////////////////// 317

Pduofes EHensoesq= R`syun h G`fg Qa gddh(

Nirnoaei [hna eleoy( noi Adusqeq

bds F`byei noi Yn heoyei Qyuieoyq ///////////////////////////////////// 393


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AGN[YES 6

AUHYUSEQ( ADOYEWYQ( SENI@OFQ ///////////////////////////////// 396

G`y Yeher`qdo Qesèq noi EHensoòf =

Oulc1sq noi Leoydq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 396

Hensoòf v`yg Nui `d= Heqqdoq bsdl Yeher`qdo

Gduqe LI(Ldoj( OA@Q noi Qasucq////////////////////////////////// 35;

Elesqdo( Vg`yl no= Heniesq bds Dus Yleq4 ////////////////////// 355

Non hp}òf Yeher`qdo n oi Bhl ò EHensoòf ////////////////////// 323

Anshdq Cuhdqno EHensoòf Fuìe=

N I`bbàuhy Nlesà no Isen l ////////////////////////////////////////////// 329

Sea doq iesòf Lnwòe Gdof Jòfqydo&q Vg`ye Y`fesq /////// 322

Lnpn Nof ehdu ò Qyn l{q( Nsjnoqnq /////////////////////////////////// 320

Fuìe yd Mnleq Cnhivò= Odcdip Jodvq Lp Onle/////// 36>

Fuìe yd Mnleq Cnhivò&q= Yge I`qa dresp db

Vgny @y Lenoq yd Ce no Nlesàno/////////////////////////////////// 369

Sen i òf Elln Fd hiln o=

N Fuì e bd s Dohòe Hensoòf ////////////////////////////////////////////// 366

Fuìe yd Fn csèh Fnsa `n Lns~ue}=Agsdoà he db n Ienyg Bdseydhi ////////////////////////////////////////// 37>

AGN[YES 7

@OQY@YUY@DONH AGNHHEOFEQ NOI EHENSO@OF=

VGNY YGEP LENO YD YGE EHENSOES /////////////////////////// 375

Dohòe [sdfsnlq Yuso Nsduoi Qysuff hòf

Adhhefeq noi Uo`resqyp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 375

N [sd{dqn h yd Auy Adqyq noi @oa senqe

Ebbà èoa p ò Dohòe [sdfsnlq //////////////////////////////////////////// 377

Yge Nbbea y`re Idlnò n oi E,Hen soòf

Qua a eqq= Nyy `yui eq( Rn hueq( Cehèbq(

D{ ò`doq( @oyeseqyq( Ldy`rn y`do ////////////////////////////////////////// 30>

N[[EOI@W

YEAGO@ANH VS@Y@OF ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 305


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QQPPOODD[[QQ @@ QQ

Quqno Ql`yg Onqg( [g/I/

Yg`q csdnisenagòf adhheay`do db eqqnpq do ehensoòf ewnlòeq

naadl{h`qgleoyq( oev i`seay`doq( noi agnhheofeq bsdl lnop

{esq{eay`req/ Yge eqqnpq nse nssnofei ò anyefdsèq( vgàg òahuie

ehensoòf noi ehensoesq( yenagòf noi òqysuay`do( qyuieoy eo,fnfeleoy( hensoòf adlluo`yèq( duyadleq nqqeqqleoy noi òqy`yu,

y`donh heniesqg`{( nhh db vgàg sehnye yd hensoesq noi {sdfsnlq bsdl

adhhefe( J>3( ansees( yd ads{dsnye ysnòòf/ Db q{ea`nh òyeseqy `q n

bdauq do quaaeqqbuh duyadleq bds qyuieoyq noi {sdfsnlq( noi

eqqnpq do dbyeodreshddjei oàgeq db hensoesq( òahuiòf feoesn,

y`donh i`bbeseoaeq 'Fnlesq( Cddlesq( Feo W( noi Feo P( qynpny

gdle ldygesq( vdsjòf ldyges ehensoesq( gdleqagddhesq(

c`hòfunh dohòe eiuany`do noi ysnòòf/

DUYH@OE DB [SEBNAE

Vgny @q Yg`q Adhheay`do Ncduy4

Yge bnay ygny yge ielnoi bds dohòe adusqeq noi {sdfsnlq gnq

qjpsdajeyei ò yge hnqy qeresnh pensq ideq ody leno ygny yge fsdvyg

gnq ceeo v`ygduy {nò( ds ygny ygese nse ody agnhheofeq/ @o bnay( muqy

yge seresqe `q yge anqe/ Yge ldse ehensoòf fsdvq( yge ldse fsdv,

òf {nòq ygese nse/ Ygese `q fsenyes oeei bds n cddj ygny niiseqqeq

qdle db yge {snayành `qqueq ygny yeoi yd ce dreshddjei ò lnop

cddjq do ehensoòf noi i`qynoae hensoòf( ds vgàg yeoi yd ce

{seqeoyei ò lnooesq ygny nse e`yges ydd onssdv ds ydd ygedseyànhbds ldqy seniesq òyeseqyei ò gdv ehensoòf n{{hèq yd ygel/


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EHensoes Qusr`rnh Fuìe

3

Yg`q csdnisnofòf adhheay`do db eqqnpq do ehensoòf v`hh

n{{enh yd seniesq vgd nse òrdhrei ò yge bdhhdvòf nq{eayq db e

hensoòf=

>/ Ehensoesq 'adhhefe noi ads{dsnye:3/ Yenagesq noi {sdbeqqdsq 'adhhefe( ads{dsnye( J>3:

1/ Nilò`qysnydsq db eiuany`donh {sdfsnlq 'adhhefe( ads{dsnye(

odybds{sdb`y( J>3:

9/ @oi`rìunhq òyeseqyei ò qes`duq fnleq( rìed fnleq(

q`luhny`doq bds ysnòòf:

5/ @oi`rìunhq òyeseqyei ò gdv yd ceqy ieh`res adusqeq yd ò

c`hòfunh bdslnyq( ds ò qeyyòfq vgese iunh hnofunfe

òqysuay`do `q oeaeqqnsp:

2/ @oi`rìunhq òyeseqyei ò qeeòf gdv ehensoòf ano geh{

v`yg gulno an{`ynh ierehd{leoy( bds adlluo`yp noi on,

y`donh eadodlà ierehd{leoy:

6/ Vdleo noi lnsfònh`}ei eadodlà fsdu{q bnaòf n fhnqq

ae`hòf( noi òyeseqyei ò gdv ehensoòf ano geh{ ygel

dcynò ysnòòf noi qj`hhq bds ceyyes eadodlà naaeqq:

7/ [ed{he qeejòf yd bòi vnpq yd csìfe feoesny`donh i`rìeq

'cddlesq rq/ fnlesq bds jodvheife noi qj`hhq ysnoqbes:

0/ @oi`rìunhq vgd vduhi h`je yd qee gdv oev yeagodhdfèq

'ldc`he yeagodhdfèq( Qlnsy{gdoeq( eya/ v`hh `l{nay ò,

qysuay`do( hensoòf noi nqqeqqleoy:

>;/ @oi`rìunhq vgd nse òyeseqyei ò uoiesqynoiòf gdv ydnqquse quaaeqq ò {sdfsnlq uqòf ehensoòf( noi vgd nse

òyeseqyei ò adfo`y`re( ldy`rny`donh noi òqysuay`donh ehe,

leoyq:

>>/ [nseoyq db ag`hiseo ò {uchà ds {s`rnye qagddhq( ds vgd

gdleqagddh yge`s ag`hiseo( vgd nse òyeseqyei ò uoies,

qynoiòf ldse ncduy gdv J>3 qyuieoyq ano lnw`l`}e yge`s

hensoòf ew{esèoae( noi yge `l{hàny`doq bds nqqeqqleoy/

Csèb Dresrèv db Eosdhhleoyq ò EHensoòf

Nhldqy nhh adhhefeq noi uo`resq`yèq ò yge Uo`yei Qynyeq dbbes ny

henqy doe dohòe adusqe/ @o yge bnhh db 3;;2( sdufghp doe ò q`w adhhefe

qyuieoyq eosdhhei ò no dohòe adusqe( 1/5 l`hh`do qyuieoyq ny n

fsdvyg snye db 0/6 {esaeoy 'QhdnoA( 3;;2/


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1

Ads{dsny`doq noi odybds{sdb`y dsfno`}ny`doq nse òasenqòfhp

uqòf ehensoòf 'vgàg òahuieq ldc`he hensoòf r`n {dsynche

nui`d noi ldc`he adlluoàny`doq( bds {sdrìòf ysnòòf noi

{sdbeqq`donh ierehd{leoy bds yge`s el{hdpeeq( lelcesq ds {nsy,

oesq 'Nlesàno I`qynoae Hensoòf Nqqda`ny`do NIHN( 3;;6/

Yge oulces db J>3 qyuieoyq eosdhhei ò dohòe adusqeq `q

eqy`lnyei ny 6;;(;;; 'QhdnoA( 3;;2/

Ny henqy 35;(;;; gdleqagddh qyuieoyq nse eosdhhei ò dohòe

adusqeq 'gdleqagddh/adl( 3;;6/


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AAGGNN[[ YY EESS >>

EEHH EE NN SS OO @@ OO FF NN OO II PP DD UU

YG@OJ@OF NCDUY EHENSO@OF4

YGDUFGYQ BDS OEV EHENSOESQ

Pdu lnp gnre ceeo adoqìesòf

dohòe adusqeq bds n hdof y`le( cuy

gnre ody ceeo senip yd ynje yge

{huofe/ Erespdoe h`jeq yd beeh adob`,

ieoy ncduy n oev eoienrds( noi pdu

senh`}e ygny cehèròf pdusqehb nche yd

quaaeei `q asua`nh ò eiuany`do/ @y `q

enqp yd beeh adobìeoy ncduy bnaeyd

bnae òqysuay`do/ Nbyes nhh( ve gnre nhh gni lnop pensq db ew{esèoae

ò ygny nsen/ Gdveres( qdley`leq yge adusqeq pdu oeei( yge hdany`do

db òqysuay`do noi pdus ysnreh$vdsj qageiuheq lnje `y `l{dqq`che yd

ynje ysni`y`donh bnaeydbnae adusqeq/ Ldsedres( `b pdu nse oeeiòf

{sdbeqq`donh ierehd{leoy ds n aesy`bànye( yge ysnreh ew{eoqeq( yge

y`le nvnp bsdl vdsj( noi yge hdany`do noi y`lòf db yge adusqeq

ano ydynhhp iesn`h pdus {sdbeqq`donh noi nanielà {hnoq/

Pdu nse heby v`yg yge ldqy hdfành d{y`do= dohòe adusqeq/

Oeresygeheqq( ereo ò n y`le db vìeq{seni nid{y`do db ehensoòf(

lnop {ed{he qy`hh gnre n oulces db cnqà ~ueqy`doq/ Ygesebdse( ve

v`hh ynje n ldleoy noi niiseqq ygdqe ~ueqy`doq noi( ò yge

{sdaeqq( {esgn{q f`re pdu n ceyyes uoiesqynoiòf db yge jòi db

ew{esèoae pdu nse h`jehp yd gnre noi yge vnp pdu v`hh henso/

Bònhhp( pdu v`hh gnre n agnoae yd fnò qdle òq`fgy òyd gdvq{ea`nh yge ehensoòf ew{esèoae ano ce/

Vgny `q senhhp qd fseny ncduy dohòe adusqeq4

Yge ceoeb`yq nse qd oulesduq: `y `q gnsi yd jodv vgese yd qynsy/ @b

pdu gnre no u{ydinye adl{uyes( n bnqy òyesoey adooeay`do( noi

yge s`fgy qdbyvnse noi {hufòq( pdu nse qey/ Pdu ano ynje yge


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2

adusqeq nopvgese/ @b pdu id ody gnre dohòe naaeqq nhh inp( ygny `q

dbyeo {esbeayhp djnp/ Ldqy dohòe adusqeq id ody se~u`se pdu yd ce

dohòe nhh yge y`le( noi ygep eoadusnfe bhew`c`h`yp/ Pdu ano

idvohdni nui`d noi rìed yd ew{esèoae hnyes/ Pdu ano seni pdus

cddjq noi lnyes`nhq dbbhòe/ Yge ygòfq pdu v`hh id dohòe òrdhreadlluoàny`do v`yg pdus {sdbeqqds( idvohdniòf òbdslny`do(

ynjòf dohòe ~u`}}eq( {snayàòf dohòe ~u`}}eq noi eofnfòf ò

iponlà( òyesnay`re eheleoyq 'r`syunh hncq( nay`r`yèq( adlluoàn,

y`do/ @b pdu gnre yd ysnreh bds pdus mdc( id ody vdssp/ Gnre V`B`

v`hh ysnreh/ Pdu v`hh ce nche yd ynje pdus adusqe nopvgese pdu gnre

n adl{uyes noi no òyesoey adooeay`do/ Pdu vduhi ce nln}ei gdv

lnop {ed{he hdf do noi id yge`s dohòe adusqeq bsdl yge`s gdyehsddlq vg`he ygep nse ysnrehòf( ds fdòf yd no òyesoey anbe ds

adbbee qgd{ v`yg adooeay`doq/ Pdu ano ce dresqenq( ò no n`s{dsy( ds

nop dyges {hnae v`yg n adooeay`do/

Id dohòe adusqeq adqy ldse ygno sefuhns doeq4

Dohòe adusqeq v`hh dbyeo ce yge qnle yu`y`do nq ysni`y`donh bnaeyd

bnae adusqeq/ Gdveres( ygese lnp ce n bee bds adooeay`doq noi

qu{{dsy/ Do yge dyges gnoi( `b pdu nse ynjòf n adusqe v`yg n hnc(

pdus dohòe adusqe lnp ce heqq ew{eoq`re ceanuqe pdu v`hh ody gnre

yd {np hnc beeq ds {usagnqe hnc e~u`{leoy/ Pdu v`hh muqy oeei yd

gnre yge cddj noi {nqqadie bds yge r`syunh hnc/ @b pdu adl{nse yge

adqy db no dohòe adhhefe v`yg n {s`rnye òqy`yuy`do( pdu lnp ce

qus{s`qei ny gdv nbbdsinche yge dohòe adusqeq ano ce/ @o nii`y`do(

lnop adhhefeq ygny q{ea`nh`}e ò i`qynoae eiuany`do bds niuhyq nhqd

gnre {npleoy {hnoq noi hdvadqy bònoaòf/

Gdv luag ldoep nl @ fdòf yd qnre cp ynjòf dohòe adusqeq4

Pdu lnp ygòj ygny `b pdu nse ynjòf no dohòe adusqe( pdu v`hh

oeei yd cup n ceyyes adl{uyes ygno pdu vduhi oeei bds n sefuhns

bnaeydbnae adusqe/ Yge ysuyg `q pdu v`hh oeei yge qnle jòi db

adl{uyes bds pdus sefuhns adusqeq/ Yge senqdo `q ygny ldqy adusqeq(

dohòe ds dbb( se~u`se pdu yd fd dohòe bds seqensag( yd uqe eln`h(noi yd naaeqq b`heq noi òqysuay`donh lnyes`nhq bds pdus adusqe/ Id

ody bdsfey yge senh`yèq db feyyòf yd bnaeydbnae ahnqqeq/ Pdu nse

fdòf yd qnre n fseny ienh db ldoep ò yeslq db adlluyòf y`le(

{nsjòf( ysnoq{dsyny`do adqyq noi òaìeoynhq/


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6

Gdv adoreoèoy v`hh `y ce4

Ynjòf no dohòe adusqe `q ewyselehp adoreoèoy/ Ceanuqe ldqy

adusqeq nse nqpoagsdoduq( vgàg lenoq pdu ano ce dohòe nop y`le

noi ano bdhhdv n qageiuhe ygny lnjeq qeoqe yd pdu/ Pdu ano vdsj

naadsiòf yd pdus dvo qageiuhe/ Ygny qnì `y `q `l{dsynoy yd jee{ ò

lòi ygny pdu senhhp oeei yd gnre n seh`nche @oyesoey adooeay`do

ygny pdu ano naaeqq dbyeo/ @ienhhp( pdu qgduhi hdf do yvàe n inp(

ereo `b `y `q muqy yd ageaj nooduoaeleoyq noi yd qee vgny `q

gn{{eoòf ò yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi/

Vgny jòi db @oyesoey adooeay`doq v`hh @ oeei4

I`nhu{ uqei yd vdsj/ Ny {seqeoy( i`nhu{ ano fey ò pdus vnpldse ygno nop adusqe se~u`seleoyq/ V`b` `q fddi( nhygdufg ygese

lnp ce y`leq vgeo `y ano ce {sdchelnyà( {nsyàuhnshp `b ygese nse

lnop uqesq noi cnoivìyg `q asuoagei/

Id @ gnre yd ce adooeayei yd yge @oyesoey nhh yge y`le4

Pdu id ody oeei yd ce adooeayei nhh yge y`le/ Gdveres( qdle

adusqeq oeei ldse adooeay`r`yp ygno dygesq id/ @b pdu gnre yd idnay`r`yèq ygny nse naaeqq`che dohòe( cuy ody idvohdninche( pdu v`hh

oeei yd ce dohòe/ @b yg`q `q yge anqe( ce quse yd {hno pdus inp noi

pdus {sdw`l`yp yd n adl{uyes v`yg n g`fgq{eei adooeay`do/

V`hh @ oeei yewycddjq4

Peq/ @o bnay( {henqe id ody bdsfey yd fey pdus cddjq enshp( {sòy duy

pdus nqq`foleoyq noi serèv vgny pdu v`hh ce idòf/ Ce quse yd

ln{ duy pdus vdsj( noi gnre n fddi qeoqe db gdv yd cuifey pdus

y`le noi yd qageiuhe pdus qyuip y`le/

Vgny jòi db adl{uyes4 Vgny jòi db adl{uyes qdbyvnse4

Ce quse yd fey n adl{uyes ygny gnq n bnqy {sdaeqqds '>/; FG}( {heoyp

db SNL '>/; FC lò`lul( qydsnfe '7; FC noi ewaehheoy is`resq/

Vgny jòiq db adusqeq ano @ ynje dohòe4

Pdu ano ynje nhldqy nhh jòiq db ahnqqeq dohòe ydinp( ereo ygdqe

v`yg hncq 'onyusnh qaèoaeq( eya// Gdveres( qdle nse fdòf yd ce

ldse sehnwòf ygno dygesq nse( noi qdle v`hh seqdonye v`yg pdus

hensoòf qypheq ldse ygno dygesq v`hh/


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7

Vgny jòiq db iefseeq4

Pdu ano fey nsyq noi qaèoaeq iefseeq( nqqda`nyeq iefseeq( dcynò

aesy`bànyeq noi ldse/

Ideq `y ynje le nop hdofes yd fey n iefsee dohòe4

@o qdle anqeq( feyyòf n iefsee dohòe ano ynje heqq y`le snyges ygno

ldse/

Nse dohòe iefseeq seq{eayei4

Ygese `q od ògeseoy qy`fln nyynagei yd iefseeq ensoei dohòe( cuy

lnop db yge ldqy g`fghp niresy`qei noi {sdldyei nse adoqìesei

i`{hdln l`hhq/ Ygeqe qgduhi ce nrdìei ny nhh adqyq( od lnyyesgdv ldiesnye yge yu`y`do lnp ce/ Vgny `q ldse `l{dsynoy `q yge

se{uyny`do db yge adhhefe snyges ygno yge ieh`resp qpqyel/

Vgny jòiq db ygòfq v`hh @ id ò no dohòe adusqe4

Pdu ano ew{eay yd seni yewyq( vnyag rìedq( h`qyeo yd nui`d( ynje

~u`}}eq '{snayàe noi bds asei`y( òyesnay do yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi(

{dqy òbdslny`do ò n gdle {nfe( òyesnay v`yg dyges {ed{he( eln`hpdus òqysuayds noi qyuieoyq( noi {nsyà`{nye ò òodrny`re nay`r`,

yèq 'v`j`q( ln{{òf( lnqgu{q( ldse/

Vgd yenageq dohòe adusqeq4 Vgny gn{{eoq4

@oqysuaydsq vgd gnre q{ea`nh ysnòòf ò dohòe adusqeq yenag ygel/

Ygep dbyeo id ody ierehd{ yge adusqeq( cuy ygep fuìe qyuieoyq ò

i`qauqq`doq( fsnie {n{esq( {dqy nooduoaeleoyq noi {sdrìe {es,qdonh beeicnaj/

Vgny `q yge ceqy vnp yd quaaeei ò no dohòe adusqe4

Bdhhdv yge fuìehòeq cehdv/

Yd{ Yeo Vnpq yd Quaaeei

>/ Q`fo u{ enshp( ynje adusqeq ò adsseay qe~ueoae:3/ Ageaj duy eoy`se adusqe( ahàjòf nhh hòjq:

1/ Bòi y`lehòe noi bnl`h`ns`}e pdusqehb v`yg ynqjq:

9/ Adooeay v`yg {sdbeqqds:

5/ Gnre n{{sd{s`nye adl{uyes( qdbyvnse noi adooeay`do:

2/ Jee{ u{ v`yg seniòf noi ynqjq:


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24/326


>;

ausseoyhp eofnfei ò dohòe adusqeq noi {sdfsnlq( noi vgny ygep

ew{eayei ò buyuse ielnoi noi fsdvyg/

@o 3;;2( ldse ygno gnhb yge òqy`yuy`doq qusrepei ieqas`cei

ygelqehreq nq e`ygesbuhhp eofnfei

ds

eofnfei

v`yg n qysnyefà{us{dqe bds yge`s dohòe adusqeq noi {sdfsnlq/ No dresvgehlòf

{esaeoynfe ew{eayei yge ielnoi yd fsdv/

Yge sequhyq vese ewae{y`donhhp q`fo`bànoy noi ny y`leq ò,

ahuiei uoew{eayei bòiòfq/ Ygeqe gnre {sdbduoi `l{hàny`doq bds

ausseoyhp eosdhhei noi buyuse ehensoesq/

>/ Fsdvyg db dohòe adusqeq noi {sdfsnlq gnq ceeo ewysnds,

iònsp/ Yge òqy`yuy`doq v`yg yge g`fgeqy herehq db fsdvygvese yge doeq v`yg yge g`fgeqy hereh db adll`yleoy yd e

hensoòf/ Ygep dbyeo iduchei yge oulces db dbbesòfq v`ygò

yge qusrep {es`di/

3/ N hnsfe oulces db òqy`yuy`doq ahn`l ygny dohòe `q n {nsy db

yge`s hdofyesl qysnyefp/

1/ Dohòe eosdhhleoyq v`hh senag n qyenip qynye dohp vgeo

ielnoi iàynyeq ygny òqy`yuy`doq qyd{ yge`s ew{noq`do

ebbdsyq noi ygep gnre qyd{{ei niiòf adusqeq noi {sdfsnlq

'{/ >5/

9/ Ygdqe òqy`yuy`doq ygny id ody adoqìes dohòe {sdfsnlq {nsy

db yge`s dresnhh qysnyefp id ody gnre n q`fo`bànoy `l{nay do

yge feoesnh oulces db dohòe eosdhhleoyq/

[dqq`che adoahuq`doq ygny doe ano lnje( cuy vgàg vese ody n {nsydb yge se{dsy( òahuie=

>/ @oqy`yuy`doq ygny ew{eay ielnoi yd adoyòue yd fsdv v`hh ody

vdssp ydd luag ncduy n {dyeoy`nhhp oefny`re `l{nay db yu`,

y`do òasenqeq/ @o bnay( yge lnsjey {sàe v`hh yeoi yd òasenqe

nq ielnoi qusfeq( qòae ygese v`hh qy`hh ce n g`fg oulces db

qyuieoyq vgd qeej g`fg~unh`yp dohòe {sdfsnlq/

3/ Eofnfei òqy`yuy`doq v`hh qee yge buyuse nq {dqqeqqòfn/ Sn{ì fsdvyg ò eosdhhleoyq:

c/ Bnqyes fsdvyg db {sdfsnlq v`yg hdv cnssèsq db eoysp

noi v`yg {d{uhns {sdfsnlq 'As`lònh Muqyàe( [uchà

Nilò`qysny`do( Feoesnh Qyuièq( LCN( Nhhèi Genhyg(

eya/:

a/ G`fges adl{ey`y`do nq qu{{hp qynsyq yd duyqys`{ ielnoi/


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>>

1/ Yewycddj is`reo adusqe ierehd{leoy= ldiuheq v`hh heni yd

~uàj ierehd{leoy( cuy òqy`yuy`doq v`hh gnre i`bbàuhyp v`yg

csnoi i`bbeseoy`ny`do/

9/ Qynoinsi`}ny`do db yewy noi duyadle nqqeqqleoy ò dsies yd

qny`qbp naasei`yny`do nfeoaèq noi Qynye ie{nsyleoyq db eiu,

any`do/

5/ Gdv òqy`yuy`doq i`bbeseoy`nye ygelqehreq v`hh agnofe/

[sdchelq v`yg fsdvyg=

>/ Qyuieoyq ody {se{nseiid ody jodv gdv yd quaaeei ò

adhhefe/

3/ Qyuieoyq noi @oqy`yuy`doq oeei ldse ierehd{leoy adusqeq(

{hnaeleoy ewnlq noi qu{{dsy/ Vgny jòi db qu{{dsy4 V`hh

`y senhhp vdsj4 Adhhefeq noi uo`resq`yèq v`hh ce uoies {seq,

quse yd lnje quse/

1/ Yu`y`do lnioeqqyvd {sdofei nyynaj= adqy{uqg noi

ielnoi{uhh/

9/ @oqysuay`donh lnyes`nhq luqy erdhre yd leey oeeiq db qyu,

ieoyq=

n/ Yewy v`yg òyesnay`re noi veccnqei ~u`}}eq noi se,

qdusaeq:

c/ Idvohdninche nui`d ygny yèq yd yewy noi hensoòf dcmea,

y`req$duyadleq:

a/ Rìed ah`{q bds jep {dòyq:

i/ Ldc`he 'idvohdni {snayàe yeqyqnop {hnae * nop y`le

5/ Bònoaòf luqy erdhre yd nhhdv ldse qyuieoyq yd nbbdsi

adhhefe/ @o nii`y`do( ldse òyesoqg`{q( mdc {hnaeleoy noi

r`syunh el{hdpleoy qgduhi ce òrdhrei/

Nfnò( Vgp odv4Senh`yp.

Ve nse no dohòe ony`do/

Yge fn{ ceyveeo yge gnreq noi gnre odyq `q ody nqahens nq `y qeelei ò dhies ldiehq noi adoae{yq/

@b ody nyyeoiei( oev b`qquseq lnp asenye no òquslduoynche

fn{( {nsyàuhnshp ò y`leq db qda`nh agnofe noi eadodlà

uoaesynòyp/

Yge fn{ gnq yd id v`yg {se{nsny`do noi nc`h`yp yd quaaeei

vgeo eoyesòf yge {sdfsnl noi nq doe {sdfseqqeq/


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>3

Gdv ano ve lnje quse ygny eoy`se chdajq db yge {d{uhny`do

nse ody ewahuiei bsdl yge dohòe ony`do4

Ygese gnre ceeo oulesduq agnofeq noi òodrny`doq/

Yg`q `q n ldleoy yd qe`}e/ Vgny ve id odv v`hh qgn{e ygebuyuse db ehensoòf/ Yg`q `q n y`le vgeo yge oevoeqq db e

hensoòf ano nay nq no ewa`yòf òaeoy`re snyges ygno n

cusieo/ Ygdqe db uq eofnfei do nhh herehq ano beeh qdle db

yge eoyguq`nql db i`qadresp `b ve id ody fey ò dus dvo

vnp/

DOH@OE IEFSEEQ NOI [SDFSNLQ=

FSDVYG NOI LDSE FSDVYG

Vgny vnq yge ldqy {d{uhns iefsee dbbesei hnqy pens4

Naadsiòf yd yge U/Q/ Ie{nsyleoy db Eiuany`do( ldse ygno

0;(;;; {qpagdhdfp cnagehdsq iefseeq vese nvnsiei ò 3;;;3;;2/

Cp bns yge ldqy {d{uhns( gdveres( vnq yge Cnagehds db Cuqòeqq

Nilò`qysny`do( v`yg ldse ygno 15;(;;; nvnsiei/ Busygesldse(

Cuqòeqq Nilò`qysny`do adoyòuei yd ew{esèoae g`fg fsdvyg/

Vgny ideq yg`q leno bds yge dohòe hensoes4 Gese nse n bev

ygdufgyq yd adoqìes vgeo adoqìesòf lnmdsq( fsdvyg noi( {es,

gn{q ldqy `l{dsynoyhp( el{hdpleoy {sdq{eayq/

Naadsiòf yd yge I`feqy db Eiuany`do Qyny`qyàq '3;;6( yge ldqyvìehp nvnsiei cnagehdsq iefseeq vese yge bdhhdvòf=

Cuqòeqq Nilò`qysny`do ////////////////////////////////////// 15;(;;;

Qda`nh Qaèoaeq /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >65(;;;

Eiuany`do /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >3;(;;;

[qpagdhdfp /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 09(;;;

Adlluoàny`doq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0;(;;;

Eofòeesòf noi Eofòeesòf Yeagodhdfp ////////// 75(;;;

R`qunh Nsyq$[esbdslòf Nsyq ///////////////////////////////// 7;(;;;

C`dhdfành noi C`dleiành Qaèoaeq ////////////////////// 6;(;;;

Adl{uyes noi @obdslny`donh Qaèoaeq ///////////////// 55(;;;


27/326


>1

@y `q v`qe yd hddj ny yseoiq noi el{hdpleoy {dqq`c`h`yèq/ Id yge

lnmdsq adsseq{doi v`yg elesfòf mdc d{{dsyuo`yèq4

Cuqòeqq Nilò`qysny`do

Nse nhh yge {ed{he vgd nse sehpòf do n cnagehdsq ò cuqòeqq

nilò`qysny`do fdòf yd bòi yge`s òreqyleoy {nì dbb4 Yge U/Q/

eadodlp `q hnsfehp n qesràe eadodlp/ Lnop db yge elesfòf {dq`,

y`doq gnre yd id v`yg adoqulesnqqda`nyei {s`lnsp ds qeadoinsp

nay`r`yèq( noi òrdhre e`yges i`seay adoynay v`yg yge {sdiuay ds

qesràeq nbb`h`nyei v`yg ygel/ Yge rdhny`h`yp ò bònoa`nh qesràeq(

senh eqynye( cnojòf noi dyges lnsjeyq v`hh iebò`yehp gnre no

`l{nay do yge oulces db mdcq ygny nse nrn`hnche/ Ygese aduhi ce nodresqu{{hp db òi`rìunhq v`yg n iefsee ò cuqòeqq nilò`qysny`do/

Oeresygeheqq( n cuqòeqq iefsee aduhi ce no ewaehheoy agdàe ò yge

s`fgy bsnlevdsj/ Nq n bduoiny`donh adusqe db qyuip ygny {sdrìeq

òi`rìunhq v`yg bòeyuoei nonhpyành qj`hhq( `y aduhi heni yd yge

jòi db quaaeqq qyuieoyq ew{eay/

Gdveres( yge ysni`y`donh adusqe db qyuip ideq yeoi yd ce snyges

onssdvhp bdauqei( noi fsniunyeq lnp ody gnre yge qaèoae noi

gulno`yèq adusqeq ygep lnp oeei ò yge buyuse yd nin{y v`yg yge

y`leq/ Vs`yòf noi adlluoàny`do qj`hhq luqy ce n bdanh {dòy/ Yge

lnyg adusqeq 'cuqòeqq lnyg nse ody nq bhew`che nq feoesnh lnyg

adusqeq( noi yge ew{dquse yd yge vdshiq auhyuseq( gulno`yèq(

h`yesnyuse noi cnqà òyefsny`re( òyesi`qa`{hònsp ygòjòf aduhi ce

n c`y ygò/ Cuqòeqq lnmdsq qgduhi ce usfei yd ynje ldse gulno`,

yèq noi qaèoae ahnqqeq( òahuiòf lnyg/

Qda`nh Qaèoaeq

Qda`nh qaèoaeq eonche yge hensoes yd n{{sea`nye dus agnofòf auh,

yuse noi yd fnò no n{{sea`ny`do db yge i`bbeseoy vnpq ygny {ed{he

ieqas`ce noi i`qauqq yge vdshi/ No òyesi`qa`{hònsp qda`nh qaèoaeq

{hno db qyuip aduhi vehh ce yge ldqy uqebuh bds dus agnofòf vdshi/

Gdveres( doe as`yành anreny `q ygny yge mdc qeejes luqy ce v`hhòfyd fd no ewysn l`he( noi dcynò nii`y`donh q{ea`nh`}ei ysnòòf noi

eiuany`do ò dsies yd lnw`l`}e doeqensoòf {dyeoy`nh/ Bds ewnl,

{he( n qda`nh qaèoaeq iefsee adu{hei v`yg n aesy`bànye ò no nhhèi

genhyg anse nsen aduhi ce yge {esbeay adlcòny`do bds n mdc v`yg se,

q{doq`c`h`yp ò( bds ewnl{he( qesràeq bds yge ehieshp ds gdle genhyg

anse/


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>9

Eiuany`do

Mdcq ò eiuany`do nse {sdmeayei yd òasenqe ceyveeo odv noi 3;3;/

N cnagehdsq iefsee ò eiuany`do lnp {se{nse n qyuieoy yd yenag ò

qagddhq ò yge qynye ò vgàg doe fsniunyeq/ @b doe `q ynjòf nodohòe adusqe db qyuip( `y `q `l{dsynoy yd qgn{e doeq aussàuhul

noi {hno db qyuip qd ygny `y nh`foq v`yg yge qynye se~u`seleoyq/

Lnop qynyeq se~u`se n lnqyesq iefsee ò dsies yd dcynò {eslnoeoy

aesy`bàny`do( noi ldqy id se~u`se q{ea`nh`}ei ahnqqsddl lnonfe,

leoy( ldy`rny`do noi {einfdfp adusqeq/ @b no òi`rìunh ieq`seq yd

ce n yenages( `y `q eqqeoy`nh yd adoquhy v`yg no nir`qds noi aussàu,

hul q{ea`nh`qy yd lnje quse ygny yge se~u`seleoyq db n qagddh

qpqyel( qynye ds yenagesq uo`do nse ceòf qny`qbèi cp doeq adusqedb qyuip/

[qpagdhdfp

[qpagdhdfp `q yge {eseoo`nh bnrds`ye db qyuieoyq erespvgese/ Yge

adusqeq nse òysòqànhhp òyeseqyòf( noi ygep geh{ òi`rìunhq

uoiesqynoi ygelqehreq noi yge`s vdshiq/ Yge adusqe db qyuip `q

vehh sduoiei noi yge hensoes fsniunyeq v`yg n fseny nc`h`yp yd

ygòj( òysdq{eay( noi yd ew{hnò yge vdshi/ Ieq{`ye yge {d{uhns`yp

db yge iefsee( `y `q ody n fseny ansees agdàe `b doe vnoyq yd ysnoq`,

y`do i`seayhp òyd n fddi mdc ygny adllnoiq no ewaehheoy qnhnsp noi

n q{ea`nh`}ei aussàuhul/ [qpagdhdfp `q n qdhì bduoiny`do noi n

fddi {hnybdsl bds lnop i`bbeseoy mdcq se~u`sòf n feoesnh eiuan,

y`do/ @y nhqd `q no ewaehheoy hnuoagòf {dòy bds n fsniunye iefsee/

Lnop mdc qeejesq ieaìe yd qu{{heleoy yge`s feoesnh cnagehdsqiefsee 'quag nq n iefsee ò {qpagdhdfp v`yg n q{ea`nh`}ei aesy`,

bànye adusqe/

Adlluoàny`doq

Adlluoàny`doq `q n g`fgfsdvyg nsen( {s`lns`hp ceanuqe db yge

vnp ygny adlluoàny`doq eoadl{nqqeq ody muqy adlluoàny`do

ygedsp noi yge qda`nh qaèoaeq( cuy nhqd òahuieq lei`n qyuièq noi@oyesoey$vec ieq`fo/ @y ano nhqd adres {sdbeqq`donh vs`yòf ò sehn,

y`do yd adlluoàny`doq/ Yge jep yd quaaeqq ò el{hdpleoy `q yd

adu{he n iefsee v`yg no òyesoqg`{ 'r`syunh ds bnaeydbnae noi

nii`y`donh adusqevdsj ygny nhhdv yge òi`rìunh yd ceadle n adoys`,

cuyòf yenl lelces ò n sn{ìhp erdhròf eor`sdoleoy/


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[uhhòf lenoq auqydl`}òf

Vg`he `y `q oeaeqqnsp yd adobdsl noi {esbdsl ò no dohòe adusqe( n

fddi adusqe `q ody s`fì/ @y nhhdvq yge hensoes yd id ygòfq ò n vnp

ygny `q adlbdsynche/ Id pdu h`je yd òyesnay v`yg pdus {eesq b`sqy(

cebdse pdu id yge seniòf4 Id pdu h`je yd ynje {snayàe ewnlq4 Id

pdu h`je yd seni vgny dygesq nse qnpòf ò yge`s isnbyq4 @y `q nhh

{dqq`che ò yge {uhh ldieh db dohòe adusqeq/

Hensoòf adlluo`yèq nse bsèoihp {hnaeq

Yge quaaeqqbuh ehensoòf ew{esèoae `q doe ygny asenyeq n qeoqe db n

hensoòf adlluo`yp ygny ano ce nq qysdof{esgn{q ereo qysdofes

ygnoyge bnaeydbnae ew{esèoae/ Pdu oeres beeh nhdoe noi( vgeopdu gnre ~ueqy`doq( pdu ano {dqy ygel ny yge resp ldleoy ygep

ns`qe/ Pdu id ody gnre yd vn`y uoy`h ahnqq/

@o nii`y`do( pdu gnre n agnoae yd bsnle pdusqehb ò n {dq`y`re

vnp/ Pdu nse {sdyeayei eldy`donhhp noi qda`nhhp bns ldse ygno pdu

vduhi eres ce {sdyeayei ò n bnaeydbnae adusqe/ Pdu lnp gnre

ew{esèoaei adusqeq ò vgàg pdu behy {seqqusei yd fd nhdof v`yg

fsdu{ ygòj ds yd iulc idvo ò dsies yd adobdsl yd pdusfsdu{ ds ody qeel h`je n bsenj iusòf òahnqq i`qauqq`doq/ @o no

dohòe adusqe( pdu gnre luag ldse bhew`c`h`yp/ Quse( ygese `q

adlldo qeoqe( oey`~ueyye noi n{{sd{s`nye cegnr`ds: cuy dresnhh(

ldqy {ed{he bòi yge dohòe eor`sdoleoy yd ce d{eo noi òyehhea,

yunhhp bseeòf/

Vgp ehensoòf4@o seq{doiòf yd yge ~ueqy`do( `y ceadleq erìeoy ygny ldse

~ueqy`doq nse ys`ffesei/ Oeresygeheqq( `y `q ahens ygny ehensoòf

lnjeq qeoqe( noi v`hh lnje ereo ldse qeoqe nq y`le fdeq do(

òbsnqysuayuse `l{sdreq ò susnh nsenq 'ldse g`fgq{eei naaeqq(

noi {ed{he nse nche yd id qdle db yge vdsj r`n ldc`he hensoòf/

GDV IDEQ LP DOH@OE [SDFSNL ADL[NSE4

GDV NSE YGEP SNOJEI4

Yge Dohòe Adhhefe Snojòfq 3;;7 db Dohòe Eiuany`do Inyncnqe

Zgyy{=$$deic/dsfgesenbyes sebessei yd nq DEIc\ {sdrìeq rnhunche

òbdslny`do noi òq`fgy òyd eqynch`qgei noi elesfòf dohòe


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>0

adhhefe {sdfsnlq/ Ldse `l{dsynoyhp( DEIc `q anuqòf n qes`duq se

ernhuny`do db yge vnp ygny adhhefeq nse nqqeqqei bds ~unh`yp noi

snojei/ Yge`s leygdidhdfp fdeq òyd yge gensy db yge eiuany`donh

ew{esèoae {sdrìei cp dohòe adhhefeq ò vnpq ygny yge UQ Oevq

noi Vdshi Se{dsyq adhhefe snojòf qpqyel anoody/

Yg`q `q ody yd qnp ygny {ed{he v`hh qyd{ ysuqyòf yge reoesnche UQ

Oevq noi Vdshi Se{dsyq Nlesànq Ceqy Adhhefeq se{dsy/

gyy{=$$adhhefeq/uqoevq/snojòfqnoiserèvq/adl$uqoevq$eiu$adhhefe

$snojòfq$snojòiewTcsèb/{g{/

Qeaseynsp db Eiuany`do( Lnsfnsey Q{ehhòfq( leoy`doei yge

se{dsyq {d{uhns`yp noi `l{nay= @b pdu eres iducy yge oeei dsn{{ey`ye bds pdus l`qq`do( adoqìes yge U/Q/ Oevq adhhefe snojòfq/

@y gnq ceeo anhhei yge qv`lqu`y ei`y`do db {dqyqeadoinsp

se{dsyòf/ V`ygò qereoyp,yvd gdusq db `yq sehenqe( yge U/Q/ Oevq

vecq`ye vnq rèvei yeo l`hh`do y`leq gyy{=$$vvv/ei/fdr$oevq

${seqqsehenqeq$3;;6$>3$>3>73;;6/gylh/

Bds lnop senqdoq( yge`s snojòfq v`hh adoyòue yd ce n fuìe,

hòe bds ldqy {ed{he vgd nse yspòf yd adl{nse adhhefeq/ Ygesnojòfq nse eq{ea`nhhp ebbeay`re bds adhhefeq v`yg hnsfe doanl{uq

{seqeoaeq noi n ysni`y`do db seqìeoy`nh h`ròf( nq vehh nq nay`re

nhulo`/

Gdveres( yge DEIc niiseqqeq n vdshi ygny `q hnsfehp

dreshddjei cp yge UQ Oevq noi Vdshi Se{dsyq snojòfq/ DEIc

bdauqeq do yge agnofòf vdshi db dohòe adhhefeq noi yge fsdvòf

naae{ynoae db( noi ereo {sebeseoae bds( doe guoisei {esaeoy dohòenoi$ds gpcsì 'cheoiei dohòe noi bnaeydbnae òqysuay`do/

Yge DEIc Dohòe Adhhefe Snojòfq sebheay ydinpq senh`yèq( noi

ygep f`re n fh`l{qe db n yeagodhdfpeognoaei buyuse( ò vgàg

adl{uyescnqei i`qynoae {sdfsnlq 'vgàg òahuieq v`seheqq yeag,

odhdfèq( Qlnsy{gdoeq( i`f`ynh ieràeq( nq vehh nq òyesoey buoa,

y`donh`yp noi oev Vec 3/; n{{hàny`doq/

DEIc nhqd seq{doiq yd lnop db yge as`yes`n uqei cp `l{dsynoynoi òbhueoy`nh qdusaeq db dohòe adhhefe òbdslny`do( quag nq e

hensoesq/adl/

@o lnop vnpq( yge as`yes`n uqei cp DEIc seq{doiq ò n

{dq`y`re vnp yd yge selnsjq lnie cp Qeaseynsp Q{ehhòfq do

Ieaelces >6( 3;;7( vgeo qge anhhei bds ldse ysnoq{nseoap ò

nqqeqqòf adhhefeq noi uo`resq`yèq ò niiseqq yd yge qel`noounh


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Oevq noi Vdshi Se{dsy adhhefe snojòfq/ Ny yge gensy db yge

iecnye `q yge {esae`rei ieq`snc`h`yp db @rp Henfue qagddhq noi @rp

[huq( noi yge bnay ygny yge`s {esae`rei ieq`snc`h`yp eoadusnfeq

lnop ldse {ed{he yd n{{hp ygno bds vgdl ygese nse q{naeq/ Yge

sequhyòf naae{ynoae snye `q( ò eqqeoae( n i`qydsy`do( noi sebheayq{uchà d{ò`do noi lnsjeyòf ebbànap nq vehh nq yge oulces db

g`fghp ~unh`bèi n{{hànoyq noi naae{ynoaeq/

Busyges qjevòf yge qyny`qyàq nse doeq cnqei do bnauhyp

{sdiuay`r`yp/ @o Yge Inofesduq Venhyg db yge @rp Henfue( Cuqòeqq,

veej/adl nuygdsq Noygdop C`noad noi Qdonh Su{no` {dòy duy ygny

yge @rp [huq '[sòaeydo( yge qereo dyges lelcesq db yge @rp

Henfue( {huq Qynobdsi Uo`resq`yp noi Lnqqnaguqeyyq @oqy`yuye dbYeagodhdfp gnre lnie no ebbdsy yd ieiànye buoiq yd cu`hiòf n

cnqe db {seqy`f`duq( g`fgseadfo`y`do bnauhyp lelcesq/

Naauqei db qyenhòf qynsq( @rp [huq òqy`yuy`doq gnre bduoi

vnpq yd g`se yge cs`fgyeqyqgòòf qynsq nvnp bsdl cuifey{seqqei

{uchà noi {s`rnye òqy`yuy`doq/ Cuifeyq ieiànyei yd Ny Gnsrnsi(

adl{eoqny`do noi ceoeb`yq naaduoyei bds bdsyp,oòe {esaeoy db `yq

)1/3 c`hh`do ò d{esnyòf ew{eoqeq ò 3;;2;6/ Nhygdufg qnhnsp fnòq

gnre adoq`qyeoyhp duy{naei òbhny`do( `y `q yge nii`y`do db oev

yenagòf {dq`y`doq ygny `q agèbhp seq{doq`che bds is`ròf u{ yge adqy

db òqysuay`do 'gyy{=$$vvv/cuqòeqqveej/adl$lnfn}òe$adoyeoy

$;6T5;$c9;23;17679570T{nfeT3/gyl( 3;;6( {/ 3/

Nse yge bnauhyp lelcesq noi yge censesq db eoidvei agn`sq

nayunhhp vdsjòf odv( ds vese ldqy db yge`s {uchàny`doq noi yge`s

qelònh seqensag {sdiuaei cebdse ygep vese g`sei4 Yge nuygdsq db

yge nsyàhe quffeqy ygny lnop db yge ldqy {sdiuay`re bnauhyp lel,

cesq ò @rp Henfue òqy`yuy`doq {uch`qgei yge cuhj db yge`s vdsj

vg`he ygep vese ny dyges adhhefeq/ Hnyes( vgeo yge {sdbeqqdsq

fnòei yge seadfo`y`do ygep gni ensoei ygsdufg yge`s gnsi vdsj(

yge vehhbuoiei adhhefeq vese nche yd lnje ygel n resp oàe dbbes

noi yd nagère yge`s qynyei dcmeay`req db `l{sdròf yge ~unh`yp db

bnauhyp/ Yge {sdiuay`re qagdhnsq noi seqensagesq ieqesrei yd cesevnsiei bds yge`s ebbdsyq/ Qd( vgese `q yge adl{hnòy4

Yge {sdchel `q ygny vgeo quag oulcesq nse uqei ò adhhefe

snojòfq( `y ideq ody f`re nop seadfo`y`do yd yge adhhefeq vgd

qu{{dsyei yge bnauhyp lelcesq iusòf yge`s bdslny`re pensq( noi

ereo òyd yge`s ldqy quaaeqqbuh {gnqeq/ Yge snojòfq seadfo`}e yge

nbb`h`ny`do nq `y `q odv/ Naadsiòf yd yge nuygdsq dbYge Inofesduq


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Ges aduoqehds seadlleoiei ygny qge ynje ewnlq noi enso asei`y

cp ewnl nq vehh/ Mnoe vnq {nsyàuhnshp oesrduq ncduy ygny d{y`do/

@ gnre nhvnpq qubbesei bsdl yeqy nowèyp( Mnoe ew{hnòei/

@l ody quse vgp( cuy `y senhhp ideq nbbeay le/#Lq/ S`yyes seadlleoiei ygny Mnoe q`fo u{ bds yeqy {se{nsny`do

serèvq( noi ygny qge qynsy ynjòf {snayàe yeqyq dohòe/ [esgn{q yge

ceqy doeq l`fgy ce yge {qpagdhdfp noi yge Nlesàno g`qydsp

ewnlq( qge qnì/ Pdu ano qyuip bds ygel bn`shp enq`hp( noi yge

adhhefe naae{yq yge adusqeq ydvnsi pdus iefsee/#

Mnoe vnq resp gn{{p v`yg ges iea`q`do( noi ereo gn{{ès nq

qge n{{sdnagei fsniuny`do/ Vgeo qge bònhhp senagei ges fdnh( qgevnq qus{s`qei yd bòi duy ygny erespdoe ny yge seqynusnoy gni ceeo

ageesòf ges do/

Ygep ygsev n {nsyp yd aehecsnye ges nagèròf ges Nqqda`nyeq

Iefsee noi usfei ges yd fd do bds ges Cnagehdsq/ Yvd dyges

el{hdpeeq( eoadusnfei cp ges quaaeqq( q`foei u{ bds yge qnle

{sdfsnl/

@l fdòf yd jee{ pdu senhhp cuqp( Lq/ S`yyes( qnì Mnoe( ql`hòf/

Ygny `q vdoiesbuh. @ hdre vdsjòf v`yg niuhy hensoesq.

YD[ >3 @OODRNY@DOQ CP 3;35=

@L[H@ANY@DOQ BDS EHENSO@OF Buyus`qyq noi nonhpqyq ny yge seqensag noi adoquhyòf b`sl( Qda`nh

Yeagodhdfèq( h`qyei vgny ygep {sdmeay yd ce yge yd{ nsenq db

yeagodhdfp òodrny`do ygsdufg 3;35/ Yge òodrny`doq nse h`qyei

cehdv( v`yg q{eauhny`doq ncduy {dyeoy`nh `l{hàny`doq bds yge buyuse

db d`h noi fnq {sdiuay`do ò lnyuse cnqòq/

Penscddj Ew{esyq ny Ew{esyAhàj i`qys`cuyei yge ew{hnony`doq:seq{doqeq cp EHensoòf ûeeo noi lìadoyòeoyd`h/adl/

>/ [esqdonh`}ei Leiàòe

n/ Yge aseny`do db no òi`rìunhq feodle ln{ bds n seyn`h

{sàe db heqq ygno )>(;;;/

c/ Yge adssehny`do db q{ea`bà feoeq noi {sdyeòq v`yg

q{ea`bà anoaesq( Nh}ge`lesq( gensy i`qenqeq noi i`nceyeq(


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a/ @oyehh`feoy òyesbnaeq( ò qdle anqeq eonchei cp r`syunh

senh`yp/

Yg`q lenoq luag ceyyes òbdslny`do ò yge bèhi( noi ceyyes

ldo`ydsòf ieràeq ny yge vehhgeni ds ò {`{ehòeq/ Adssdq`doadoysdh( fnq adl{seqqdsq( qasuccesq( fnq adoi`y`doòf( o`ysdfeo ds

qnhy vnyes òmeay`do( eya/ v`hh ce nbbeayei/ Yge jep `q yd ierehd{ yge

n{{sd{s`nye agelành {sdaeqqeq noi yeagodhdfèq yd {`ffpcnaj do

{esrnq`re adl{uyòf/

EHensoòf= @y lnp ce gnsi yd bòi n adusqe ygny `q qysàyhp bnae

ydbnae/

9/ Onodyeagodhdfèq bds òodrny`re lnyes`nhq noi b`cesqnhygdufg ygep gnre seae`rei luag nyyeoy`do( yge S"I db

onodyeagodhdfèq `q {sdfseqqòf resp qhdvhp/ Gdveres( yge

ew{esyq ew{eay lnmds csenjygsdufgq yd daaus v`ygò yge

oewy yvd ieanieq( òahuiòf òew{eoq`re vnpq yd {sdiuae

lnqq ~unoy`yèq db onodb`cesq/

n/ Onodyeagodhdfp ò yeslq db anynhpyà nfeoyq noi ie,

ràeq yd eognoae `lnfòf 'idvogdhe hdffòf yddhq v`hh{sdcnchp ce yge b`sqy {hnae bds n{{hàny`doq:

c/ @l{sdrei {esbdslnoae ò ag`{q aduhi ew{noi adl{uy,

òf an{nc`h`yèq/ @o yeslq db ehensoòf= ygese aduhi ce n

cddl ò eofòeesòf( qaèoae noi lnyg {sdfsnlq/

5/ C`dlnsjesq bds Genhyg

n/ @oi`rìunh`}ei( {s`rnye noi qehbnilò`qyesei i`nfodq,

yàq( nq vehh nq gdle i`nfodqyà j`yq ygny ieyeay enshp

q`foq db i`nceyeq( gensy i`qenqe noi yp{eq db anoaesq:

c/ @oi`rìunh`}ei ewesa`qe e~u`{leoy noi sef`leoq bds

òi`rìunh`}ei ceoeb`yq 've`fgy adoysdh( chddi {seqquse(

chddi qufns( eya/:

a/ Nirnoaei ANY qanoq( LS@q noi csnò qanoq yd ìeoy`bp

i`qdsiesq enshès noi ldse naausnyehp ny heqq adqy/

Gdv ncduy c`dlnsjesq bds d`h4 Yg`q aduhi ce n csenjygsdufg ò

yeslq db ierehd{òf n ceyyes qeoqe db bhuì bhdv ygsdufg bsnayuseq

noi bnuhyq/ Vgny `q yge {sdreonoae db yge d`h4 Vgese `q `y fdòf4

Vgese iì `y adle bsdl4


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Yg`q `q fddi( cuy `y ideq ody qdhre yge {sdchel db òhnoi vnyes/ @o

qdle {nsyq db yge LìAdoyòeoy( yge ie{hey`do db yge Dfnhnhhn `q

nhsenip {dqòf senh {sdchelq/ Is`hhòf se~u`seq is`hhòf bhuìq/

Qeadoinsp seadresp se~u`seq òmeay`do/ Vduhi `y ce {dqq`che yd

ieqnhònye yge vnyes {sdiuaei v`yg d`h noi ygeo qehh `y ny nsenqdonche {sàe yd a`yèq noi luoà`{nh`yèq4 [hnaeq h`je Inhhnq

aduhi dcynò vnyes bsdl yge Cnsoeyy Qgnhe/ Ereoyunhhp( yge vnyes

vduhi ce ldse rnhunche ygno yge fnq/

0/ Anscdo Adoynòleoy

n/ Nbbdsinche noi ebbeay`re anscdo an{yuse( noi qydsnfe

yeagodhdfèq noi qpqyelq bds adnhcusoòf {dves {hnoyq:

c/ Oev el`qq`do adoysdhq bds ysnoq{dsyny`do regàheq:

a/ Adoynòleoy qpqyelq bds leygnoe/

Yg`q v`hh ce resp `l{dsynoy ò yge {sdiuay`do db onyusnh fnq/ @y v`hh

nhqd ce ewyselehp `l{dsynoy ò fnq{dvesei eheaysà`yp feoesnydsq

noi ò sebòòf/

>;/ Eofòeesei Nfsàuhyuse

n/ @ieoy`bàny`do db q{ea`bà feodleq bds ieq`sei fsdvòf

noi uqe ~unh`yèq:

c/ FLDq nq yge oewy feoesny`do db gpcsì {hnoyq noi asd{q:

a/ Asd{q ieq`foei q{ea`bànhhp bds eoesfp adoyeoy noi ado,

resq`do/

No`lnh guqcnoisp `q {sdcnchp nbbeayei nq vehh/ Ygese nse uoiducy,

eihp adoqe~ueoaeq noi `l{nayq do LìAdoyòeoy d`h/ Muqy gdv c`f

v`hh yge gdfq ò yge gdf bnslq ce4 Vgny v`hh `y id yd uq yd eny yg`q

qyubb4 Ve gnre nhh gensi yge suldsq db vgny enyòf fsdvyg

gdsldoe hnaei in`sp {sdiuayq ideq/

EHensoòf= Oev oeeiq bds eygàq adusqeq( òasenqei inyn noi

òbdslny`do qgnsòf( cuy nhqd n ge`fgyeoei oeei bds òi`rìunhq yd

ce nche yd asenye yge`s dvo qeaus`yp qpqyelq/

>>/ Nlcèoy Qusre`hhnoae

n/ Qeaus`yp anlesnq hòjei v`yg adl{uyesq v`yg ew{esy

qpqyelq${nyyeso seadfo`y`do:

c/ Luhy`{he òyefsnyei qeoqdsq 'òahuiòf seldye qeoqòf:

a/ Sni`d bse~ueoap 'SB ynfq bds {ed{he noi rnhuncheq/


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Ygese nse eodslduq {dqq`c`h`yèq ò ldo`ydsòf {sdiuay`do/ Eygành

`qqueq ncduoi ò nhh yge {dqq`c`h`yèq/

EHensoòf @l{hàny`doq= Od ldse agenyòf do yeqyq.

[esqdonh`}e eoasp{y`do noi qeaus`yp( oev jòiq db b`sevnhhqnoi naaeqq ldo`ydsq/

>3/ @oyehh`feoy Ysnoq{dsy

n/ Dsfno`}ei noi addsiònyei {esqdonh ysnoq{dsyny`do

ygsdufg v`seheqq adl{uyes oeyvdsjq( òbdslny`do

qpqyelq( noi @oyesoey naaeqq:

c/ Docdnsi qeoqdsq noi adl{uyesq bds qlnsy regàheq:a/ Oewy feoesny`doq db F[Q( onr`fny`do( noi ûeqyLn{/

Yg`q v`hh geh{ addsiònye {sdiuay`do do ielnoi noi y`lehp

ieh`resp db d`h bèhi agelànhq/

EHensoòf= Ldse oeei yd uoiesqynoi gdv yd òyefsnye vec

n{{hàny`doq noi yd ce nche yd enq`hp asenye doeq dvo qey db lnqg,

u{q/


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AAGGNN[[ YY EESS 33

QQ YY UU II PP QQ JJ @@ HH HH QQ PP DD UU VV @@ HH HH OO EE EE II YY DD QQ UU AA AA EE EE II @@ OO EEHH EE NN SS OO @@ OO FF

YGE CEQY VNP YD HENSO @O NO DOH@OE ADUSQE

N vehhieq`foei dohòe adusqe v`hh

fuìe pdu ygsdufg yge adusqe ado,

yeoy( yge ceqy vnp yd henso yge

lnyes`nh noi yd nagère ieq`sei

hensoòf duyadleq/ Yge adusqe v`hh

csòf ydfeyges adfo`y`re noi cegnr,

`dsnh n{{sdnageq/ @o nii`y`do( qehb

sefuhny`do 'ldy`rny`do( fdnhqeyyòf(eya/ v`hh ce òads{dsnyei ò n qenlheqq vnp qd ygny pdu nse hensoòf

gdv yd lnonfe y`le( gdv yd {snayàe bds ewnlq noi gdv yd {hno bds

nagèròf duyadleq/

Ygese `q qu{{dsy bds yg`q n{{sdnag/ @o >002( G/ Yn`y noi O/M/

Eoyv`qyhe {uch`qgei yge sequhyq db n qyuip ygny serenhei adooeay`doq

ceyveeo cegnr`dsnh( adfo`y`re( noi eldy`donh qysnyefèq/ Ygep

adoahuiei ygny yge ldqy ebbeay`re hensoòf qysnyefèq vese ygdqeygny seòbdsaei enag dyges ò n qenlheqq( òyefsny`re lnooes/ Ygeqe

òq`fgyq nse eq{ea`nhhp geh{buh bds ieq`foesq( òqysuaydsq( noi

nilò`qysnydsq vgd ano ierehd{ noi fuìe adusqeq ò vnpq ygny

ano onyusnhhp òads{dsnye yge na~u`q`y`do db hensoòf qysnyefèq/

@o bnay( n vehhieq`foei dohòe ds gpcsì adusqe ano 'noi

{sdcnchp qgduhi yenag hensoòf qysnyefèq nq vehh nq yge adusqe

adoyeoy/ Oeeiheqq yd qnp( nagèròf hensoòf duyadleq se~u`seq doe

yd gnre ny henqy qdle bna`h`yp v`yg luhy`{he hensoòf qysnyefèq(

{nsyàuhnshp vgeo hensoòf qypheq i`bbes/ Busyges( ewyesonh bnaydsq

quag nq hnaj db naaeqq noi adobuq`do ano asenye nowèyp( bsuqysny`do(

ds adobuq`do noi ano nay nq cnssèsq yd {esq`qyeoae/


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19

Adfo`y`re Hensoòf Qysnyefèq

Segensqnh

Segensqnh `q ody q`l{hp n lnyyes db se{ey`y`do/ @y òrdhreq

dsfno`}òf òbdslny`do qd ygny `y `q enqp yd seysère/ @o n ysni`y`donh

qeyyòf( qyuieoyq dbyeo ad{p odyeq( ds sead{p yge adoyeoy/ Qyuièq

gnre quffeqyei ygny yg`q `q ody {nsyàuhnshp ebbeay`re ny nagèròf

iee{ hensoòf( cuy `y ideq geh{ qyuieoyq ò ahnqq`bàny`do noi

ìeoy`bàny`do db adoyeoy/

@o no dohòe eor`sdoleoy( segensqnh yeoiq yd ce nuydlnyà(

noi `q dbyeo cu`hy òyd onr`fny`do yddhq( noi seòbdsaei cp uqòf

adhds( yp{dfsn{gp noi ieq`fo/ Hensoòf nay`r`yèq ano nhqd nqj qyu,

ieoyq yd yp{e anyefdsèq noi yd segensqe jodvheife/ Yg`q n{{sdnag

`q ldqy ebbeay`re vgeo `y se~u`seq qyuieoyq yd lnje adooeay`doq ds

yd ahnqq`bp noi dsfno`}e adoyeoy/

Doe ebbeay`re vnp yd segensqe jodvheife `q yd ynje {snayàe

yeqyq noi ~u`}}eq 'vgeo nrn`hnche/ Nodyges `q yd qgnse òbdslny`do

ò yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi/

Dsfno`}ny`do

Dsfno`}òf òrdhreq {hnaòf òbdslny`do òyd n bdsl ygny nìq

seysèrnh/ Yg`q lnp òrdhre asenyòf jep yd{àq noi `qqueq( noi

cu`hiòf adfo`y`re qysuayuseq ygny nhhdv lenoòfbuh noi òi`rì,

unh`}ei ahnqq`bàny`do( fsdu{òf noi òyessehny`do/ @y se~u`seq

qpoygeq`q( ernhuny`do noi g`fgeshereh nay`r`yèq ygny ano heni yd

iee{es hensoòf ygdufg luhy`{he bdslq db òyesnay`do/

@o no dohòe eor`sdoleoy( `b qyuieoyq nse se~u`sei yd eofnfe ò

no òqysuay`donh nay`r`yp ygny se~u`seq cdyg segensqnh noi dsfno`}n,

y`do( ygep nse ldse nche yd ce bhew`che ò yge`s ygòjòf noi yd uqe

yge òbdslny`do ò ldse ygno doe qeyyòf ds adoyewy/

Ehncdsny`do

Pdu lnp oeei yd ieqas`ce( iebòe ds ew{hnò n yd{à/ Pdu nse

ehncdsnyòf/ Yg`q {sdaeiuse `q iee{hp adoqysuay`r`qy ò `yq e{`qye,

ldhdfành uoies{òoòfqygny `q( yge hensoesq aseny`re {nsyà`{ny`do

senageq iee{hp òyd yge onyuse db gdv gulnoq na~u`se jodvheife/ @y

se~u`seq qyuieoyq yd ody dohp se{eny( seqynye( ahnqq`bp noi dsfno`}e(

cuy yd lnje adooeay`doq ceyveeo qeelòfhp uosehnyei aguojq db


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12

òbdslny`do doae `y gnq ceeo seysèrei( noi gdv yd n{{hp `y ò no

n{{sd{s`nye lnooes/

Yge dohòe eor`sdoleoy dbbesq lnop d{{dsyuo`yèq yd adnag

qyuieoyq do gdv yd seysère noi uqe òbdslny`do/ Yg`q ano snofebsdl yge uqe db n r`syunh h`csnsp( ds yge uqe db hensoòf dcmeayq/ @o

bnay( yg`q `q doe db yge ceqy {hnaeq bds hensoòf dcmeayq/ Qlnhh( g`fghp

fsnouhns dcmeayqòyesnay`re ln{q( dohòe iày`donsèq( i`nfsnlq(

fuìeq noi bhdvagnsyqano ce ~u`ye geh{buh/ Ygep ano nhqd hòj

v`yg adfo`y`re qysnyefèq ygny òrdhre lnjòf adooeay`doq( dsfno`},

òf noi se{enyòf/

[snayành N{{hàny`do

Ygeqe {sdaeiuseq nqj pdu yd ysp ygòfq ò yge senh vdshi/ Ebbeay`re

hensoòf qysnyefèq ano ce ldiehei noi ysnoqbessei cp uqòf

q`luhny`doq( fnleq noi r`syunh vdshiq/

HENSO@OF QYPHEQ NOI [SEBESEOAEQ =QEHBJODVHEIFE ANO GEH[ @O EHENSO@OF

Yd fnò òq`fgy òyd pdus {esqdonh`yp( hensoòf qypheq noi n{{sdnag,

eq yd jodvheife na~u`q`y`do( `y `q {nsyàuhnshp `l{dsynoy yd hddj ny

yge vdsj ygny seqensagesq gnre idoe ò bòiòf duy gdv {ed{he

henso/ @o feoesnh( ygep gnre bduoi ygny {ed{he yeoi yd gnre i`bbeseoy

{sebeseoaeq/ Nhygdufg {ed{he henso ò lnop i`bbeseoy vnpq( yge`s

n{{sdnageq yeoi yd ce ieyeslòei cp nyys`cuyeq ò ygsee i`qyòaynsenq= [esae{y`do( obdslny`do [sdaeqqòf( noi [esqdonh`yp/

Ygòj db `y nq yge Ygsee [q[esae{y`do( [sdaeqqòf( [esqdonh`yp/

Yge bdhhdvòf seqensagesq gnre òreqy`fnyei hensoòf {se,

beseoaeq noi qypheq/ Ygep gnre nhqd ierehd{ei ~ueqy`doon`seq noi

òreoydsèq/

Lpesq noi Cs`ffq

gyy{=$$vvv/ovhòj/adl$idoahnsj$gsi$qypheq$muof/gylh/ Cu`hy nsduoi

Muofq {esqdonh`yp ygedsp( yge LpesqCs`ffq òreoydsp òrdhreq

nonhp}òf sequhyq yd ~ueqy`doq ygny v`hh nhhdv òi`rìunhq yd ahnqq`bp

ygelqehreq noi lenquse yge iefsee yd vgàg yge`s {esqdonh`yèq

òahuie agnsnayes`qyàq quag nq {esae`ròf( muifòf( ygòjòf(

beehòf( qeoqòf noi òyu`y`do/ @oi`rìunhq ano uqe yge òbdslny`do


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17

Gdoep noi Lulbdsi

Ynje yge Gdoep noi Lulbdsi Hensoòf Qypheq ûeqy`doon`se=

gyy{=$$vvv/lbysdu/adl$gdoeplulbdsi/gylh/

Ygeqe seqensagesq qeej yd bòi doeq n{{sdnag yd hensoòf( noiyd qee gdv `y b`yq doeq {nyyesoq/ Yge anyefdsèq db hensoòf qypheq nse

nay`re( sebheay`re( ygedsp noi {snflnyà/ Hensoesq vgd nse nay`re

bdauq do idòf( ygdqe vgd nse sebheay`re bdauq do serèvòf(

doeq vgd rnhue ygedsp h`je yd adoahuie( noi yge {snflnyà

hensoesq bdauq do {hnooòf/

Gdvnsi Fnsioesq Luhy`{he @oyehh`feoaeq

R`q`y gyy{=$$vvv/ovhòj/adl$idoahnsj$gsi$qypheq$fnsioes/gylh/

@o nii`y`do yd cheoiei qeoqdspcnqei hensoòf qypheq( Fnsioes

hddjq ny yge vnpq {ed{he {sdaeqq òbdslny`do( gdv ygep {uhh bsdl

luhy`{he qyseofygq noi( nq n sequhy( ve uqe ldse ygno doe jòi db

òyehh`feoae vgeo ve henso/ Dus qdaèyp yeoiq yd {s`r`hefe {s`lns`hp

yvd jòiq db òyehh`feoae= rescnh$hòfu`qyà noi hdfành$lnygelnyành/

Fnsioesq ygedsp {sd{dqeq ygny

ygese nse ny henqy e`fgy dyges jòiq dbòyehh`feoae ygny nse e~unhhp `l{dsynoy/ Ygep nse hnofunfeq ygny

ldqy {ed{he q{enj( noi ygny auyq ygsdufg auhyusnh( eiuany`donh( noi

nc`h`yp i`bbeseoaeq/

Eoyv`qyhe

Ynje Eoyvg`qyheq NQQ@QY òreoydsp= gyy{=$$vvv/eyh/yhn/ei/na/uj

$$~ueqy`doon`seq$NQQ@QY/{ib/

Vgny lnjeq Eoyv`qyheq n{{sdnag uo`~ue `q yge bnay ygny yge

n{{sdnag nyyel{yq yd n{{hp adoae{yq yd qyuip qj`hhq noi hensoòf

qysnyefèq/ Yge fdnh `q yd hddj ny iee{ hensoòf nq vehh nq qusbnae

noi qysnyefà n{{sdnageq/

QEHBSEFUHNY@DO QYSNYEF@EQ

Y`le Lnonfeleoy

Uqòf yge anheoins buoay`do ano serdhuy`do`}e pdus nc`h`yèq ò ds,

fno`}òf noi {hnooòf pdus y`le/ Pdu lnp nhqd v`qg yd nonhp}e yge

ynqjq noi lnyag yge ynqjq yd yge aguojq db y`le pdu gnre nrn`hnche/


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10

Y`lei ienihòeq noi i`qnchòf naaeqq yd @oqynoy Leqqeofes( agny(

Qjp{e( òyesoey noi fnleq lnp geh{/

Eldy`donh Adoysdh 'Nowèyp noi Adoaeoysny`do)

Ebbeay`re hensoòf qysnyefèq ò yg`q nsen òahuie {sdaeiuseq bds

lò`l`}òf noi seiuaòf nowèyp( hnaj db adoaeoysny`do( noi bsuq,

ysny`do/ Ceanuqe db yge onyuse db yeagodhdfp( ny y`leq yge dohòe

eor`sdoleoy ano asenye nowèyp noi bsuqysny`do( {nsyàuhnshp vgeo

ygese nse yeagoành i`bbàuhyèq noi naaeqq `q òyessu{yei/ [dds

ieq`fo noi onr`fny`do ano asenye nowèyp( vg`he fddi ieq`fo( onr`,

fny`do( qu{{dsy noi òqysuay`donh nay`r`yèq ano geh{ yge hensoes fnò

no eognoaei qeoqe db qehbebbànap noi qehb adoae{y/

Ldy`rny`do

[nsy db yge bnaeydbnae òqysuay`donh eor`sdoleoy òahuieq {sdae,

iuseq yd ldy`rnye òi`rìunhq vgd nse ody òyeseqyei ò yge

lnyes`nh( ds vgd id ody h`je yge òqysuay`donh eor`sdoleoy/ Fddi

òqysuay`donh ieq`fo ano ce resp ebbeay`re ò ldy`rnyòf pdu( ds

yenagòf pdu gdv yd ldy`rnye pdusqehb cp niiòf òyeseqy( lnjòfadooeay`doq noi {dòyq db sebeseoae yd pdus h`be( eqynch`qgòf

sehernoae( noi òqy`hhòf n qeoqe db yge uqebuhoeqq noi ereo usfeoap

ò lnqyesòf yge yd{à/

Adl{segeoq`do Ldo`ydsòf

@o yge ysni`y`donh eor`sdoleoy( ygeqe sebes yd {sdaeiuseq ygny nqqeqq

yge iefsee yd vgàg hensoòf dcmeay`req gnre ceeo nyynòei( noiygep geh{ yge òqysuayds ìeoy`bp vgese fn{q ò hensoòf ew`qy/ @o yge

dohòe eor`sdoleoy( yge quaaeqqbuh qyuieoy gnq leygdiq db yeqyòf(

ysnajòf( noi ageajòf g`q ds ges adl{segeoq`do db yge adoyeoy noi

lnqyesp db hensoòf dcmeay`req/ Yg`q dbyeo ynjeq yge bdsl db e

ln`hòf yge òqysuayds yd dcynò beeicnaj/ Gdveres( `y ano nhqd ce

nuydlnyei( noi qyuieoyq ano ynje dohòe ~u`}}eq noi$ds eofnfe ò

nay`r`yèq ygny geh{ ygel nqqeqq vgeyges ds ody ygep nse do ysnaj/

Adoahuq`doq

[hnooòf no dohòe adusqe qd ygny `y geh{q fuìe pdu noi pdus

behhdv qyuieoyq ò yge na~u`q`y`do db ebbeay`re hensoòf qysnyefèq `q n

luhy`{sdofei eoienrds/ @y se~u`seq n ygdsdufg uoiesqynoiòf db=


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9;

>/ Yge qyuieoyq( yge`s nc`h`yèq( cnajfsduoiq( hnofunfe( ado,

yewyq( cehèbq( adse rnhueq noi senqdoq bds ynjòf yge adusqe:

3/ Yge yeagodhdfành eor`sdoleoy( vgàg òahuieq naaeqq(

gnsivnse( rns`nc`h`yp db naaeqq( adl{hew`yp db òyesbnae( eya/:

1/ Yge jòiq db hensoòf dcmeay`req ygny yge adusqe db qyuip v`hh

feoesnhhp òrdhre:

9/ Yge òqysuaydsq( yge`s cnajfsduoiq noi yeagoành nc`h`yp(

yge`s uoiesqynoiòf db ebbeay`re leoydsòf noi yge`s v`hh,

òfoeqq yd nin{y yd eresagnofòf yeagodhdfành se~u`se,

leoyq/

Uqebuh Seqdusaeq

Najeslno( [/ H/( Qyesocesf( S/ M/( " Fhnqes( S/ 'Eiq/ '>070/ Hensoòf noi

òi`rìunh i`bbeseoaeq/ Oev Pdsj= Bseelno/

Anreshp( I/ A/( " Dshnoid( R/ [/ '>00>/ Yewycddj qyuip qysnyefèq/ @o S/ B/

Bh`{{d " I/ A/ Anreshp 'Eiq/( Yenagòf seniòf noi qyuip qysnyefèq ny yge

adhhefe hereh '{{/ 72>55/ Oevnsj( IE= @oyesony`donh Seniòf Nqqda`ny`do/

Is`qjehh( M/ E/( Ad{{es( A/( " Ldsno( N/ '>009/ Ideq leoynh {snayàe eognoae

{esbdslnoae4Mdusonh db N{{hèi [qpagdhdfp( 67( 7;57>9/

Qagleaj( S/ S/ 'Ei/ '>077/ Hensoòf qysnyefèq noi hensoòf qypheq/ Oev Pdsj=

[heoul [seqq/

Yn`y( G/( " Eoyv`qyhe( O/ M/ '>002/ @ieoy`bpòf qyuieoyq ny s`qj ygsdufg òeb,

beay`re qyuip qysnyefèq/ G`fges Eiuany`do 1>( 06>>2/

Veòqyeò( A/ E/( " Lnpes( S/ E/ '>072/ Yge yenagòf db hensoòf qysnyefèq/

@o L/ A/ V`yydaj 'Ei/( Gnoicddj db Seqensag do Yenagòf '1si Ei/( 1>5

136/ Oev Pdsj= Lnal`hhno/

QEASEYQ YD QUAAEQQ @O NO DOH@OE ADUSQE=

[SNAY@ANH QYE[Q

@y `q nln}òf gdv bev adhhefeq noi uo`resq`yèq {sdrìe n q`l{he

ageajh`qy db ygòfq ygny pdu qgduhi id yd lnw`l`}e yge {dqq`c`h`yèq

db pdus quaaeqq ò no dohòe adusqe ds {sdfsnl/

Ereo ygdufg pdu gnre adl{heyei pdus dohòe adusqe dsèoyn,

y`do( noi gnre seni nhh yge lnyes`nh pdus qagddh gnq f`reo pdu do

dohòe adusqeq( pdu lnp qy`hh gnre n bev ~ueqy`doq ncduy yge vnp

ygòfq vdsj/ Pdu nse d{eolòiei noi v`hhòf yd f`re yge dohòe

adusqeq n agnofe ceanuqe ygep nse adoreoèoy( nbbdsinche noi muqy


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9>

vgny pdu oeei/ Oeresygeheqq( pdu nse oesrduq/ Vgny nse pdu

qu{{dqei yd id4 Gdv v`hh pdu id `y4 V`hh pdu b`fuse duy yge vnp `y

vdsjq cebdse `y `q ydd hnye ò yge qeleqyes4

Pdu nse ody nhdoe/ Erespdoe vgd gnq ynjeo n adusqe gnq ygeqnle ~ueqy`doq/ Nhygdufg enag {sdfsnl noi qagddh `q i`bbeseoy(

ygese nse n bev y`{q noi {dòyesq ygny v`hh geh{ pdu fey qynsyei( jee{

do ysnaj noi beeh fddi ncduy pdus adusqe( pdus {sdfsnl( pdus

behhdv qyuieoyq( pdus òqysuayds noi( ldqy db nhh( pdus eiuany`donh

{hnoq noi pdus buyuse/

Gese `q n h`qy db nay`r`yèq noi {dòyesq bds ceòf quaaeqqbuh v`yg

pdus dohòe adusqe/>/ Hdf ò Enshp/ Bòi duy vgny pdus uqesonle noi {nqqvdsi

v`hh ce( noi vgese yd bòi yge {dsynh ds naaeqq {dòy yd pdus

adusqe/ Nbyes pdu hdf ò bds yge b`sqy y`le( ce quse yd serèv

yge eoy`se adusqe ny henqy yvd ds ygsee y`leq/ Ahàj do nhh

yge hòjq noi fd yd nhh yge {nfeq/ Ygeo( id `y nfnò/ Pdu v`hh

ce gn{{p pdu iì/ Pdu v`hh beeh ldse adlbdsynche noi

adobìeoy/3/ Na~u`se Yewyq cebdse yge Adusqe Cefòq/ Gnre pdu eres

vn`yei uoy`h yge hnqy lòuye yd cup pdus cddjq( muqy yd bòi

duy ygny yge cddjqydse `q qdhi duy4 Fsnoyei( yewycddjq nse

ew{eoq`re( noi erespdoe vduhi h`je yd iehnp yge {usagnqe/

Ny yge qnle y`le( ygdufg( `y `q ceqy yd fey yge cddjq enshp yd

nqquse pdusqehb ygny pdu v`hh gnre ygel bds yge b`sqy inp db

ahnqq/ @ienhhp( vgeo pdu hdf òyd pdus adusqe( pdu v`hh gnrepdus cddjq ny pdus qìe( noi v`hh ce nche yd serèv yge

seniòfq noi yge se~u`sei vdsj/

1/ Jodv yge Leagnoàq db yge AdusqeGdv Ideq @y Vdsj4

Agnoaeq nse pdus adusqe v`hh ce gdqyei do doe db yge ldqy

{d{uhns adusqe ds hensoòf lnonfeleoy qpqyelq/ Pdu lnp

ce uqòf Chnajcdnsi( Nofeh( ds Ieq`se yd Henso/ Nhyeson,

y`rehp( pdu lnp ce uqòf Lddihe( vgàg `q yge d{eoqdusae

hensoòf lnonfeleoy qpqyel {sebessei cp lnop qagddhq

vgd v`qg yd gdqy yge`s dvo qdhuy`do noi ody {np yge beeq

se~u`sei db qdle hensoòf lnonfeleoy qpqyel {sdrìesq/

Ygeo nfnò( pdu lnp uqe n {sd{sèynsp {sdiuay/ @o nop

anqe( ce quse yd fd ygsdufg yge dsèoyny`do/ Doe db yge

ygòfq pdu v`hh oeei yd id enshp ò yge fnle `q yd idvohdni

yge {sd{es {hufòq qd ygny yge eheleoyq ò pdus hensoòf


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nln}ei ny gdv pdu v`hh beeh/ Pdu v`hh qynsy yd ierehd{ n

fddi( qdhì qeoqe db nbb`h`ny`do noi cehdofòf/

>2/ Behhdv Qyuieoyq noi [ees SerèvResp Rnhunche/ Doe db

yge ldqy eofnfòf noi òyeseqyòf nq{eayq db dohòe adusqeq

`q yge bnay ygny pdu v`hh senhhp gnre n agnoae yd qee yge vdsj

db dygesq( noi yd serèv( seq{doi noi henso bsdl enag dyges/

Qgnse ìenq( cuy ce quse yd jee{ n ygàj qjò/ Qdley`leq

{ed{he ygòj ygep nse ceòf guldsduq vgeo ygep nse ody/

>6/ Jodv Vgese yd Yuso `b Pdu Oeei Geh{Leoydsq( Qyuip

Cuiièq noi Yuydsq/ Ageaj duy pdus adhhefeq seqdusaeq/

Lnje quse pdu nse nvnse db nhh yge qu{{dsy ygny `q nrn`hnche

`b pdu bòi pdusqehb ò oeei db geh{/

>7/ Nqqeqqleoyq noi û`}}eqNop [snayàe Ewnlq ds Ewnl{he

[n{esq4 @b pdu ano bòi n {hnae yd id {snayàe yeqyq ds ~u`}}eq(

`y lnp ce n fseny vnp yd beeh adlbdsynche v`yg yge adusqe

adoyeoy/ Pdu lnp ce nche yd {snayàe bds pdus ewnlq noi

~u`}}eq/ Dbyeo yge yewycddj `q yge {sdrìes db yge {snayàe

lnyes`nhq/

>0/ Hdf @oUqe Pdus R`syunh H`csnsp noi Dohòe Seqdusaeq/

Pdus adhhefe ds uo`resq`yp gnq òreqyei ldoep( y`le( noi

gulno seqdusaeq ò ierehd{òf r`syunh h`csnsèq noi seqdusae

cnqeq/ Ce quse yd ageaj ygel duy noi r`q y yge q`yeq dbyeo/

Ygep v`hh geh{ pdu nq pdu vdsj do eqqnpq noi seqensag

{n{esq/

3;/ Uqe n Cu`hiòf Chdaj N{{sdnag bds Vs`yòf [n{esq/ Vn`yòf

uoy`h yge o`fgy cebdse `q ody n fddi ìen/ Id ody {sdasnqy`,onye. Qynsy ln{{òf duy pdus qysnyefp bds vs`yòf n {n{es

'eqqnp( yesl {n{es( seqensag {sdmeay noi ierehd{ n cu`hiòf

chdaj n{{sdnag ygny vdsjq bds pdu/

@b pdu bdhhdv nhh ygeqe quffeqy`doq( pdu v`hh bòi pdus ew{esèoae

v`yg dohòe adusqeq yd ce luag ldse {dq`y`re ygno pdu l`fgy gnre

`lnfòei/ Nq pdu eoaduoyes bsèoiq noi bnl`hp vgd lnp ce oes,

rduq ncduy ynjòf dohòe adusqeq( beeh bsee yd qgnse pdus heqqdoqhensoei noi quaaeqq qysnyefèq/ Vdsj ydfeyges$Vò ydfeyges.


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B @O@QG@OF VGNY PDU QYNSY= QUAAEQQBUH

ADL[HEY@DO DB PDUS ADUSQE ( PDUS IEFSEE

Vg`he ygese nse lnop adhhefe quaaeqq fuìeq( lnop db ygel id

ody {sea`qehp niiseqq yge agnhheofeq adobsdoyei cp yge ehensoes/

Ereo `b ygep id( ygep lnp ce niiseqqòf yge ehensoes db 3;;3( noi

ody 3;;7 ds hnyes( vgdqe i`qynoae òqy`yuy`do( nhdof v`yg eor`sdo,

leoy( yeagodhdfèq noi lnyes`nhq( gnre agnofei isnlnyànhhp ò no

ereserdhròf( uobdhiòf n{{sdnag yd hensoòf/

Qdle db yge eyesonh res`yèq db hensoòf quaaeqq qy`hh gdhi ysue(nhce`y v`yg ldi`bàny`doq/

>/ Qey HdofYesl Fdnhq/ Pdus hdofyesl fdnhq lnp òrdhre

ensoòf n iefsee/ Ny yge qnle y`le( ygep lnp òrdhre fdnhq

db qh`fgyhp qgdsyes y`le q{no/ Bds ewnl{he( doe hdofyesl

fdnh lnp ce yd adl{heye nhh pdus adusqeq bds yge yesl/ Pdu

qgduhi ody qey ydd lnop fdnhq( noi yge fdnhq pdu id qey

qgduhi gnre sehernoae yd pdus dresnhh h`be {hnoq( anseesdcmeay`req noi ldse/

3/ Id Ody Bdsfey QgdsyYesl Fdnhq/ Pdus qgdsyyesl fdnhq

qgduhi leqg oàehp v`yg hdofyesl fdnhq/ Bds ewnl{he( n

qgdsyyesl fdnh lnp ce yd bò`qg seniòf yge lnyes`nhq bds

yge uo`y ny henqy yvd inpq cebdse yge iue inye/ Ce quse yd

sevnsi pdusqehb( noi yd f`re pdusqehb n {dq`y`re nbb`slny`do

vgeo pdu id/1/ Lnonfe Pdus Y`le/ Y`le lnonfeleoy `q ody {dqq`che `b

pdu id ody gnre nop ìen vgny yge senh y`le se~u`seleoyq

nse bds yge rns`duq ynqjq pdu luqy id/ Doe db yge b`sqy `yelq

db quaaeqqbuh y`le lnonfeleoy luqy òrdhre nqqeqqòf yge

se~u`sei ynqjq noi ygeo lenqusòf y`le do ynqj/ [hno pdus

y`le naadsiòfhp/ Ce senh`qyà/

9/ Jee{ Pdusqehb Bònoa`nhhp Qdhreoy/ @b pdu gnre yd vdsj yddlnop mdcq( yge `l{hàny`doq nse ahens/ Pdu v`hh gnre od y`le

bds qyuipòf/ @o nii`y`do( ygese `q q`fo`bànoy qyseqq nqqda`ny,

ei v`yg bònoa`nh òqdhreoap( vgàg lnp uoieslòe pdus

sehny`doqg`{ v`yg pdus bnl`hp noi pdus jep qu{{dsyesq/

Bòi vnpq yd seiuae dresgeni( noi ysp ody yd bnhh {sep yd

iecy ysn{q/


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EHensoòf Quaaeqq Qysnyefèq Ano Geh{ Pdu

Adl{heye Pdus Adusqe yd yge Ceqy Nirnoynfe

>/ Fddi Nir`qòf/ Ysp yd fuìe pdus dvo {nyg( vgeo {dqq`che/

Qynp ò yduag v`yg pdus nir`qds/ Qehbnir`qe vgeo {dqq`che/3/ Fddi Nqqeqqleoy/ Bòi {snayàe ewnlq( ~u`}}eq( noi

nqqeqqleoyq ò dsies yd ce do ynsfey v`yg pdus yeqyq/ Id ody

i`qysnay pdusqehb cp ynjòf {snayàe ~u`}}eq bsdl yge vsdof

ei`y`do db yge yewy( ds cp seniòf ewysnoeduq lnyes`nhq/ Bd,

auq do vgny pdu v`hh ce se~u`sei yd lnqyes/

1/ Fddi Yenl/ Lnje pdus eiuany`do n bnl`hp nbbn`s v`yg pdus

ag`hiseo( q{duqe( {nseoyq noi q`chòfq/ Ierehd{ n qu{{dsyqpqyel

9/ Fddi Leoydsòf/ Ierehd{ no ewaehheoy sehny`doqg`{ v`yg

pdus òqysuayds/ Bòi qyuip cuiièq/

5/ Fddi Adlluo`yp/ Lnje quse ygny pdu {nsyà`{nye ò yge

i`qauqq`do cdnsi nsen/ @oysdiuae pdusqehb( senag duy yd

dygesq( noi {sdrìe n{{sd{s`nye noi qu{{dsy`re beeicnaj/

@b doe aduhi i`qy`hh nhh db yge {dòyq yd doe db {s`lnsp `l{dsynoae( `y

l`fgy ce @oreqy ò pdusqehb. Pdu l`fgy ce qus{s`qei ny yge

qyseofyg db ygny lnoysn/ @oreqy ò pdusqehb ò nhh vnpq( eresp inp/ @b

pdu id ody qee no `llei`nye i`rìeoi bds pdus òreqyleoy( id ody

vdssp/ Adoyòue yd òreqy( noi pdu v`hh ereoyunhhp seae`re yge

sevnsiq `b pdu qynp bdauqei noi lnòynò ieiàny`do/ Cp òreqyòf

ò pdusqehb( pdu v`hh nuydlnyànhhp r`qunh`}e yge eoi fdnh noi yge

ieq`sei sequhyq db pdus òreqyleoy/ @o lnop anqeq( ygny aduhi ce niefsee( n mdc noi n ceyyes h`be/

YGE EHENSOES LDQY H @JEHP YD QUAAEEI =

IEREHD[ N AGEAJH@QY

Vgp id qyuieoyq vgd qeel yd ce dbb yd n fseny qynsy ò yge`s dohòeadusqeq qeel yd asnqg noi cuso4 Gdv `q `y ygny yge qyuieoyq pdu

ygdufgy vduhi oeres lnje `y nayunhhp fsniunye enshp( noi v`yg

fseny fsnie {dòyq4 Yge noqves `q ody no enqp doe/ Vgp4 Nagèròf

quaaeqq ò no dohòe {sdfsnl `q luag ldse adl{hànyei ygno `y

lnp qeel ny b`sqy fhnoae noi `y lnp ody ce nq enqp yd bòi duy

quaaeqq qysnyefèq( eq{ea`nhhp `b pdu gnre ody eqynch`qgei adoynay


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1/ Ynje r`syunh òyesoqg`{q vgeo {dqq`che yd fnò ew{esèoae

ò pdus ansees nsen:

9/ @oreqy`fnye asei`y bds ew{esèoae '{dsybdh`d/

Bònoa`nh [hnooòf

>/ Ynje duy nq bev qyuieoy hdnoq nq {dqq`che:

3/ Asei`y cp ewnl vgeo {dqq`che 'AHE[( INOYEQ( Ewaehq`ds

1/ Asei`y bds {dsybdh`d vgeo n{{hànche:

9/ @oreqy`fnye noi n{{hp bds qagdhnsqg`{q:

5/ Ageaj duy q{ea`bànhhp hdanh {sdfsnlq bds bònoa`nh nqq`qynoae/

2/ Ageaj duy q`l`hns adl{nopq{ea`bà {sdfsnlq( cuy ce anse,

buh sefnsiòf {dqq`che hdofyesl adll`yleoyq noi nfsee,

leoyq ygny lnp fd nhdof v`yg ygeqe/

@obsnqysuayuse noi Yeagodhdfp [hnooòf

>/ [usagnqe n fddi adl{uyes v`yg qubbàèoy an{na`yp:

3/ Lnje quse pdu gnre n fddi adooeay`do:

1/ Uqe ldc`he ieràeq yd adlluoànye nq luag nq pdu ano

'ageaj eln`h( qeoi leqqnfeq( {dqy yd i`qauqq`do( h`qyeo yd

heayuseq noi vnyag rìedq:

9/ Lnje quse pdu gnre yge qdbyvnse pdu oeei:

5/ Jee{ u{ yd inye v`yg {hufòq 'Bhnqg( Mnrn( MnrnQas`{y( eya/

oeeiei bds pdus qdbyvnse:

2/ Bnl`h`ns`}e pdusqehb v`yg yge hensoòf lnonfeleoy qpqyel/

Ce quse yd fd ygsdufg nop ysnòòf ygny `q nrn`hnche:

6/ Nqj nsduoi( qgd{ nsduoi( noi dygesv`qe qensag duy n fddi

adl{uyes se{n`s noi lnòyeonoae yeagoà`no/ Yge fdnh gese

`q yd lnje quse pdu ano ysuhp sehp do nbbdsinche qu{{dsy

noi nqq`qynoae vgeo pdu oeei `y/

Qyuip Gnc`yq( Qyuip Seqdusaeq

>/ Asenye n qyuip eor`sdoleoy ygny b`yq pdus h`beqyphe:

3/ Qey fdnhq:

1/ Lnonfe y`le ebbeay`rehp:

9/ Nimuqy pdus qyuip gnc`yq yd b`y pdus hensoòf {sebeseoaeq

noi qypheq:


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5;

5/ R`q`y pdus r`syunh h`csnsp noi seqdusaeq dbyeo:

2/ @oreqy`fnye yuyds aeoyesq:

6/ Uqe q`luhny`doq( qes`duq fnleq noi r`syunh vdshiq 'Qeadoi

H`be( eya/ vgeo `y geh{q:7/ Nrdì i`qysnay`doq/

QHEE[ NOI YGE EHENSOES

Adhhefe qyuièq noi qhee{ ie{s`rny`do gnre fdoe gnoi ò gnoi bds

nq hdof nq nopdoe ano selelces/ Ldrèq quag nq Yge [n{es Agnqe

noi yeher`q`do qesèq quag nq Uoieahnsei qgdv ysni`y`donh adhhefe

qyuieoyq `lc`còf eresp bdsl db adbbee noi anbbeòe jodvo yd

gulnojòi ò no nyyel{y yd qynp nvnje( eognoae yge`s {esbdsl,

noae( noi yd fey yge eife ygep oeei yd id vehh do yeqyq/ @orns`nchp(

qyuieoyq nse qgdvo bn`hòf l`qesnchp do yge`s ewnlq nbyes l`qqòf

ydd luag qhee{/

Gdveres( gdv luag ysuyg `q ygese yd {d{uhns se{seqeoyny`doq

db adhhefe qyuieoyq noi qhee{ ie{s`rny`do4 Vgny gnq qaèoae qgdvo

uq ncduy qhee{( qhee{ ie{s`rny`do noi {esbdslnoae bds adusqeq(

òahuiòf dohòe adusqeq4

Qhee{ seqensagesq gnre bduoi ygny yge csnò se~u`seq qhee{ ò

dsies yd qynp genhygp/ Nhh qynfeq db qhee{ nse `l{dsynoy( cuy lnop

gnre bduoi ygny SEL( ds sn{ì epe ldreleoy( qhee{ `q {esgn{q

yge ldqy r`ynh/ @y `q( ò bnay( as`yành bds yge csnò ceanuqe `y( ò

eqqeoae( seqeyq ds yuoeq yge csnò qd ygny `y {sdaeqqeq oeusdhd,

fành q`fonhq ebbeay`rehp/ @oi`rìunhq vgd gnre òyessu{yei qhee{

apaheq( e`yges bsdl qhee{ ie{s`rny`do ds bsdl {gpqành adoi`y`doq

quag nq qhee{ n{oen( v`hh beeh yge ebbeayq db n hnaj db fddi( qdhì

SEL qhee{/

Nii`y`donh seqensag gnq pèhiei nii`y`donh òyeseqyòf òq`fgyq

ncduy qhee{( qhee{ ie{s`rny`do noi adfo`y`re buoay`doòf/

Qucmeayq gnròf doe o`fgyq ydynh qhee{ ie{s`rny`do qgdv iebà`yq

do aesynò ynqjq( noi qgdv `l{n`sei adfo`y`re buoay`doòf 'Chnfsdre(

ey nh/( >005/ Gdveres( qyuieoyq vgd qubbesei bsdl hdofyesl qhee{

iebà`y( noi vgd hdqy dohp n bev gdusq db qhee{ {es o`fgy( qgdvei od

q`fo`bànoy {esbdslnoae iebà`y/ Gdveres( ygdqe vgd ew{esèoaei


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hdofyesl qhee{ heofyg db dohp bdus ds b`re gdusq {es o`fgy gni

`l{n`sei {esbdslnoae/

Nii`y`donh seqensag gnq qgdvo ygny qhee{ ie{s`rny`do sequhyq

ò hdqq db adfo`y`re buoay`doòf/ Qhee{ie{s`rei qucmeayq vese=>/ Heqq nche yd `fodse òyesbesòf òbdslny`do:

3/ Heqq nche yd {esbdsl ebbeay`rehp do n {n{es noi {eoa`h ysn`h

lnjòf yeqy:

1/ Heqq nche yd bdauq:

9/ Ldse h`jehp yd ce enq`hp i`qysnayei:

5/ Ldse h`jehp yd hdqe ldy`rny`do iue yd qhee{òeqq/V`hh isòjòf lnqq`re ~unoy`yèq db adbbee ds eoesfp isòjq geh{

jee{ n {esqdo nhesy( ereo `b ygep gnre l`qqei qdle qhee{4 N seaeoy

qyuip {uch`qgei cp M/ E/ Mnleq noi L/ N/ Jenoe qgeiq oev h`fgy do

yge sehny`doqg`{ db anbbeòe( qhee{( noi vnjebuhoeqq/ Ygep adoahuie

ygny peq( anbbeòe ideq eognoae adfo`y`re buoay`doòf/ Gdveres(

ygep quffeqy ygny yge sehny`doqg`{ `q ody nq qysn`fgybdsvnsi nq vnq

cehèrei ò yge {nqy/ Yge senqdo bds yge adobuq`do vnq yge bnay ygnyyge dhies qyuièq oeres yddj òyd naaduoy anbbeòe v`ygisnvnh/

Naadsiòf yd yge qyuip( anbbeòe henreq yge qpqyel v`ygò b`re

gdusq/ Cebdse ygny b`sqy au{ db adbbee ò yge ldsoòf( ldqy v`hh ody

gnre gni adbbee bds n qubbàèoy {es`di bds anbbeòe yd henre yge

qpqyel( vgàg lenoq ygny òi`rìunhq v`hh ce fdòf ygsdufg

v`ygisnvnh/ Ygesebdse( yge`s b`sqy adbbee v`hh ebbeay`rehp fey ygel

ygsdufg yge v`ygisnvnhq cuy( ò dsies yd gnre eognoaei {esbdsl,

noae( doe vduhi oeei yd isòj ldse adbbee/

Vgny yg`q lenoq bds yge òi`rìunh vgd vnoyq yge lnw`lul

`l{nay bsdl adbbee `q ygny `y `q `l{dsynoy yd gnre ygny b`sqy au{ db

adbbee ò dsies yd dresadle yge geninage( qhee{òeqq noi qhuff`qg,

oeqq ygny agnsnayes`}e anbbeòe v`ygisnvnh/ Eqqeoy`nh anbbeòe òasenq,

eq yge oulces db nieodqòe seae{ydsq/

Vg`he òfeqyòf lnop anbbeònyei ceresnfeq 'eoesfp isòjq(eya/ lnp ce doe qysnyefp bds ienhòf v`yg qhee{ ie{s`rny`do( yge

ldse {suieoy n{{sdnag vduhi ce yd ysp yd ynje n luhy`{sdofei

n{{sdnag yd qhee{ lnonfeleoy noi qyuièq/

>/ Cuifey pdus y`le/ Ysp yd vdsj ò fddi qhee{ y`le:

3/ Nrdì nhho`fgyesq ny nhh adqyq:


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1/ @b qhee{ie{s`rei( qyuip ò no eor`sdoleoy v`yg bev i`q,

ysnay`doq:

9/ Id ynqjq se~u`sòf yge ldqy bdauq vg`he vehh agnsfei u{ do

qhee{:

5/ Vgeo bnaei v`yg yeqyq noi ynqjq( qys`re bds ldse qhee{:

2/ Senh`}e ygny anbbeòe ideq {sdrìe n qy`luhuq: gdveres( `b

doe isòjq n fseny ienh db anbbeòe( doe v`hh iebò`yehp ew,

{esèoae v`ygisnvnhq nbyes b`re gdusq/ Qd( nrdì anbbeòe

v`ygisnvnh vgeo gnròf yd {esbdsl adfo`y`re ynqjq/

G`fg~unh`yp qhee{ `q eqqeoy`nh yd ebbeay`re adfo`y`re buoay`doòf/

Gdveres( yge ebbeayq db l`qqòf doe ds yvd gdusq db qhee{ nse {es,gn{q heqq ygno doe l`fgy `lnfòe/ Adoresqehp( l`qqòf no eoy`se

o`fgy db qhee{ gnq ldse isnlnyà ebbeayq do adfo`y`re buoay`doòf

ygno doe l`fgy qu{{dqe/ Yguq( lnonfe pdus vdsj( pdus qhee{ y`le

noi pdus ynqjq ò dsies yd lnw`l`}e {esbdslnoae cp addsiònyòf

ynqj v`yg nhesyoeqq herehq/

Sebeseoaeq

Chnfsdre( L/( Nhewnoies( A/( " Gdsoe( M/ '>005/ Yge ebbeayq db agsdoà qhee{

seiuay`do do yge {esbdslnoae db adfo`y`re ynqjq qeoq`y`re yd qhee{

ie{s`rny`do/N{{hèi Adfo`y`re [qpagdhdfp( 0( 3>9;/

Mnleq( M/ E( " Jenoe( L/ N/ '3;;6/ Anbbeòe( qhee{ noi vnjebuhoeqq= @l{h`,

any`doq db oev uoiesqynoiòf ncduy v`ygisnvnh seresqnh/ Gul/ [qpagd,

{gnslnadh/ Ahò/ Ew{/( 33( 590557/

Ldoyfdlesp( A/( B`qj( M/ E/( Vnseòf( L/( " Lus{gp( [/ '3;;6/ Qehb se{dsyei

qhee{ ~unh`yp noi adfo`y`re {esbdslnoae ò eaqynqp uqesq/ Gul/ [qpagd,{gnslnadh/ Ahò/ Ew{/(33( 516597/

YGE CEQY [DQQ@CHE I @QAUQQ@DO

CDNSI EW[ES@EOAE

Doe db yge ceqy vnpq yd ldy`rnye pdusqehb yd qynp ò n adusqe `q ydbeeh ygny pdu nse n {nsy db n hensoòf adlluo`yp( noi ygny ygese `q

qdledoe yd yuso yd ceqìeq pdus {sdbeqqds bds fuìnoae( qu{{dsy

noi beeicnaj/ Dohòe( ygny adlluo`yp ano bdsl ò lnop {hnaeq(

cuy yge ceqy {hnae `q dbyeo yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi nsen ds bdsulq(

vgàg òrdhre nhh yge òi`rìunhq ynjòf yge adusqe( ody muqy n bev/


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Bds adusqe ierehd{esq noi òqysuaydsq( `y `q uqebuh yd gnre no

uoiesqynoiòf db gdv i`qauqq`do cdnsiq gnre yge uo`~ue an{na`yp

yd qu{{dsy g`fges adoqysuay`r`qy hensoòf noi yge ierehd{leoy db n

hensoòf adlluo`yp 'Heròe( 3;;6/ N hensoòf adlluo`yp feoes,

nhhp adoq`qyq db n fsdu{ db òi`rìunhq vgd nse qyuipòf yge qnleadusqe noi bds yge qnle {us{dqe/ Busyges( eqynch`qgòf n hensoòf

adlluo`yp `q r`ynh ò ehensoòf 'Fnss`qdo( 3;;6/

Naadsiòf yd Q/ M/ Heròe ò g`q nsyàhe do dohòe i`qauqq`do

cdnsiq ygny n{{ensei ò yge mdusonh( Oev I`seay`doq bds Niuhy noi

Adoyòuòf Eiuany`do '3;;6( aesynò adoi`y`doq luqy ce ley ò dsies

bds no dohòe hensoòf adlluo`yp yd bdsl r`n i`qauqq`do cdnsiq ò

n ahnqq/

Adoi`y`do Doe

Yge qda`nh ah`lnye luqy ce qu{{dsy`re/ @y gnq yd ce n ah`lnye

adoiua`re yd hensoòf/ Heròe {dòyq yd Lnhadhl Jodvheq ìenq do

noisdfdfp noi hensoòf 'Jodvheq( >07;( ò vgàg Jodvheq

i`qauqqeq yge bnay ygny niuhy hensoesq oeei yd beeh adooeayei yd dyges

h`jelòiei {ees {nsyoesq/ Vgny yg`q lenoq ò d{esny`re yeslq `qygny yge nyldq{gese qgduhi ce {dq`y`re( noi yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi

~ueqy`doq {gsnqei qd ygny ygep eoadusnfe òi`rìunhq yd qgnse noi

ody q`l{hp yp{e ò yge s`fgy noqves/

Yge òqysuayds ano id n hdy yd lnje quse ygny yge qda`nh ah`lnye

`q qu{{dsy`re/ Doe ewaehheoy vnp yd id qd `q yd lnje quse ygny ygese

`q n {hnae yd nqj ~ueqy`doq noi yd qeej ahns`bàny`do/ @y `q `l{dsynoy

yd f`re òi`rìunhq n agnoae yd nqj ~ueqy`doq ò n odo{uo`y`reeor`sdoleoy( noi yd eoadusnfe yge qgnsòf db òbdslny`do/ Nqjòf

~ueqy`doq ò yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi nsen noi qeeòf yge òqysuayds

{dqy seq{doq`re( qu{{dsy`re se{hèq `q doe db yge ceqy vnpq yd geh{

qyuieoyq cu`hi adobìeoae( ierehd{ n qeoqe db qehbieyeslòny`do

noi n {sdnay`re @ ano id `y nyy`yuie/

Adoi`y`do Yvd

@oysdiuay`doq luqy ce lnie/ Naadsiòf yd Heròe( `b n i`qauqq`do

cdnsi ideq ody òahuie n lenoòfbuh òysdiuay`do( noi ideq ody qey

duy suheq bds òyesnay`do( ygese ano ce {sdchelq nq hensoesq bn`h yd

òyesnay ò n {us{dqebuh lnooes/


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@oysdiuay`doq ano id n hdy yd geh{ segulno`}e yge i`qauqq`do

cdnsi nsen/ Ygep nse {nsyàuhnshp ebbeay`re ò f`ròf n qeoqe db vgd

`q ynjòf yge ahnqq noi vgp/ @y nhqd {sdrìeq no d{{dsyuo`yp yd qgnse

òbdslny`do ygny geh{q eqynch`qg adlldo fsduoi( ereo `b ygny `q nq

qeelòfhp òq`fo`bànoy nq yge bnay ygny pdu noi nodyges {esqdo lnpgnre n aesynò yp{e db idf ds any/ Vgny `q daaussòf( nldof dyges

ygòfq( `q n qeoqe db nbb`h`ny`do( vgàg ano ce iponlànhhp ldy`rny,

òf/ [ed{he gnre oeeiq bds nbb`h`ny`do noi no dohòe eor`sdoleoy

ano ce `qdhnyòf( uoheqq ygòfq nse idoe yd geh{ seiuae yge qeoqe db

n{nsyoeqq ds `qdhny`do/

Adoi`y`do YgseeN fuìe luqy ce òrdhrei( noi yge i`qauqq`doq qgduhi òahuie

lenoòfbuh beeicnaj cp yge òqysuayds ds fuìe/ Yge i`qauqq`do

cdnsi `q n cnhnoaòf nay/ No òqysuayds qgduhi ce ansebuh ody yd

idlònye ds add{y i`qauqq`doq/ Yge ìen ygny doeq eresp seq{doqe

`q ceòf muifei noi$ds as`yà`}ei ano qy`bhe i`qauqq`do resp ~uàjhp/

No drescensòf òqysuayds {seqeoae ano nhqd heni yd seiuaei s`qj

ynjòf noi ds`fònh`yp v`yg seq{eay yd yge yp{eq db seq{doqeq ceòf

dbbesei/

Do yge dyges gnoi( `b yge òqysuayds `q ody {seqeoy( ygese lnp ce

n qeoqe db vgp nl @ idòf yg`q4 ereo `b yge i`qauqq`do {nsyà`{n,

y`do `q n fsniei `yel/ @b yge òqysuayds ideq ody {dqy seq{doqeq( yge

hensoesq lnp vdoies `b ygep nse do yge s`fgy ysnaj noi `b yge`s

seq{doqeq v`hh aduoy ny nhh ydvnsi yge`s fsnie/

[esgn{q yge vdsqy adoqe~ueoae db n hnaj db òqysuayds {seqeoae`q yge quiieo hnaj db n sebesee ds qyuieoy nirdanye/ Vgny gn{{eoq

ò yge anqe db n apces cuhhp4 Vgny gn{{eoq vgeo yge qyuieoy csòfq

u{ òn{{sd{s`nye qucmeayq ds yd{àq ygny aduhi ce adoqysuei nq

gnsnqqòf ds ielenoòf4 Yge {seqeoae db n fuìe geh{q òi`rìunhq

adlcny quag {sdchelq/

Yge i`qauqq`do cdnsi ano ce yge gensy db yge adusqe( noi ano ce

yge {hnae vgese qyuieoyq beeh yge ldqy el{dvese

e-learner survival guide by susan smith nash

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