E-6 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY – THE NEW KINGDOM A SUMMARY –FALL 2011 AND SPRING 2012 – CLASS SIX EDITED FEB 2012

Joe Boisvert – Adjunct Professor GCS College

Obelisks were prominent in the architecture of the ancient Egyptians

Placed the obelisks in pairs at the entrance of temples.

The word "obelisk" as used in English today is of Greek rather than Egyptian origin because Herodotus, the Greek traveller, was one of the first classical writers to describe the objects.

A number of ancient Egyptian obelisks are known to have survived, plus the "Unfinished Obelisk" found partly hewn from its quarry at Aswan

These obelisks are now dispersed around the world, and fewer than half of them remain in Egypt

Obelisks Spread Around the World

Egypt – 9

Pharaoh Tuthmosis , Karnak Temple, Luxor Pharaoh Ramses II Luxor Temple Pharaoh Hatshepsut Karnak Temple, Luxor Pharaoh Senusret I, Al-Masalla area Pharaoh Ramses III Luxor Museum Pharaoh Ramses II, Gezira Island, Cairo, 20.4 m[14]

Pharaoh Ramses IIObelisk in Place de la Concorde, Paris Israel – 1

Caesarea obelisk, Cairo International Airport16.97 m Pharaoh Seti II Karnak Temple, Luxor, 7 m Pharaoh Senusret I, Faiyum (ancient site of Crocodilopolis, 12.9 m[15]

France – 1 Pharaoh Ramses II, Luxor

Italy – 11 (includes the only one located in the Vatican City) Rome — 8 ancient Egyptian obelisks (see List of obelisks in Rome) Piazza del Duomo, Catania (Sicily) Boboli Gardens (Florence) Urbino

Obelisk All Over Slide 2

Poland – 1 Ramses II, Poznań Archaeological Museum, Poznań (on loan

from Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin)[16]

Turkey – 1 Pharaoh Tuthmosis III, in Square of Horses

United Kingdom – 4 Pharaoh Tuthmosis III, "Cleopatra's Needle", on Victoria

Embankment, London Pharaoh Amenhotep II, in the Oriental Museum, University of

Durham Pharaoh Ptolemy IX, Philae obelisk, at Kingston Lacy, near 

Minster, Dorset Pharaoh Nectanebo II, British Museum, London (pair of obelisks)

United States – 1 Pharaoh Tuthmosis III second obelisks, "Cleopatra's Needle,

in Park, New York

Obelisk in Istanbul, Turkey

The Obelisk of Tuthmosis III, Istanbul, Turkey

Rome Has the Most Obelisks The Roman Emperors brought a good

number to Rome, the city with the world's record with 13 obelisks (12 in Rome and 1 in the Vatican City) and also to Constantinople.

When the Roman Empire was in decline, one by one the obelisks began to fall, remaining buried until the Renaissance when there began to be interest in them again.

Cleopatra's Needle

London obelisk (aka Cleopatra's Needle): Located on the banks of the River Thames, this obelisk was transported to London and erected in 1878 under the reign of Queen Victoria. The obelisk originally stood in the Egyptian city of On, or Heliopolis (the City of the Sun). The Knights Templars' land extended to this area of the Thames, where the Templars had their own docks. Either side of the obelisk is surrounded by a sphinx, also symbolism dating back to the ancient world

Obelisk in Paris

One of the two Luxor obelisks in the Place de la Concorde in Paris

Washington Obelisk (aka Washington Monument): Standing at 555 feet, the Washington Monument is the tallest obelisk in the world and also the tallest standing structure in Washington DC.

The monument's cornerstone, a 12-ton slab of marble, was donated by the Grand Lodge of Freemasons. Like the Vatican obelisk, the Washington monument too is surrounded by a circle denoting the female.  

It was designed by Robert Mills, an architect of the 1840s. The actual construction of the monument began in 1848 but was not completed until 1884, almost 30 years after the architect's death. This hiatus in construction happened a lack of funds, and the intervention of the American Civil War.

.

Washington Monument is an obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C – Not Egyptian

Built to commemorate the first U.S. president, General George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 555 feet 51⁄8 inches (169.294 m).

Steeples Taken From Design of Obelisks

Christians should know the steeples on churches are from the old Obelisk and is Baal worship.

Battle Monument Bunker Hill, Boston, Massachusetts

Bunker Hill Monument, Charlestown, Massachusetts built between 1827 and 1843.

Battle Monument in Vermont

The Bennington Battle Monument in Bennington, Vermont, 1889. 

9 de Julio Avenue & the Obelisk. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Highlights of EgyptCairo Museum

In ancient Egypt dwarves were regarded favorably and could attain positions of power;  Seneb was apparently chief of the royal textile works under pharaoh Pepi II.   The modern day Egyptian government has used this image in televised family planning campaigns

Ramesses II (Ramesses the Great; also Ramesses II)

Cairo

Daughter of Tuthmosis I, her name means foremost of noble ladies. She crowned herself pharaoh at the death of her husband, and dressed like a man (along with the traditional fake beard). The 21-year rule of this builder pharaoh Egypt was the most peaceful, said Wael.

Hatshepsut, Queen Extraordinaire

BERLIN -- A German university said Friday that researchers have discovered a carcinogenic substance in a flask of lotion believed to have belonged to Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled Egypt 3,500 years ago – raising a possibility she may have accidentally poisoned herself.

Mummy Identified as Queen Hatshepsut

The University of Bonn said it spent two years researching the dried-out contents of the flask, which is part of its Egyptian Museum's collection and bears an inscription saying it belonged to Hatshepshut.

It said the flask contains what appears to have been a lotion or medicine used to tackle skin disorders such as eczema.

The contents included palm and nutmeg oil, along with fatty acids of the kind that can relieve such disorders. There are known to have been cases of skin diseases in Hatshepsut's family, the university said.

Researchers also found benzopyrene, an aromatic and highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon.

Medical Research of Her Death

Anubis In Egyptian mythology, a jackal-headed god. Son of Nephthys and Osiris, he conducted the souls of the dead to the underworld and presided over mummification and funerals. Anubis accompanied Osiris on his world conquest and buried him after his murder.

Egyptian Jackal God of the Dead Anubis

Cario NowThe End