each row is called a “period” · 2 •each column is called a “group” •each element in a...

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1 •Each row is called a “period” •The elements in each period have the same number of shells www.chem4kids.com

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Page 1: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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•Each row is called a “period”

•The elements in each period have

the same number of shells

www.chem4kids.com

http://www.chem4kids.com/

Page 2: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

2

•Each column is called a “group”

•Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”.

Except for He, it has 2 electrons

•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

www.chem4kids.com

http://www.chem4kids.com/

Page 3: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Increasing atomic mass as you go across the periods left to right

&increasing atomic mass as you down the groups.

Page 4: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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NOTE: • Each PERIOD has the same number of electrons shells.• Each GROUP has the same # of outer valence electrons.

Page 5: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

5www.chem4kids.com

http://www.chem4kids.com/

Page 6: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

6www.chem4kids.com

http://www.chem4kids.com/

Page 7: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 8: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 9: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 10: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 11: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 12: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 13: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 14: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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• Helium is the exception in Group 8.

• Since it has just one shell, that shell

can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.

• It is in this group because all the

elements have a full outer shell.

Page 15: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

• How many valence electrons?

• What group is this element in? Period?

Page 16: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

• How many valence electrons?

• What group is this element in? Period?

Page 17: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

• How many valence electrons?

• What group is this element in? Period?

Page 18: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

• How many valence electrons?

• What group is this element in? Period?

Page 19: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

• How many valence electrons?

• What group is this element in? Period?

Page 20: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

What does it mean to be reactive?

Elements that are reactive bond easily with other elements to make compounds.

What makes an element reactive?◼An incomplete valence electron level.◼All atoms (except hydrogen and helium) want to have 8 electrons in their very outermost energy level (This is called the rule of octet.)◼Atoms bond until this level is complete. Atoms with few valence electrons lose them during bonding. Atoms with 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons gain electrons during bonding.

Page 21: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

Valence Electrons◼ Valence electrons are the

electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.

◼ These are the electrons that are transferred or shared when atoms bond together.

Page 22: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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Page 23: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

Page 24: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

Page 25: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

See next slide

Your notes: filled in Periodic Tableshould look something like this.

Page 26: Each row is called a “period” · 2 •Each column is called a “group” •Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons”. Except for He, it has 2 electrons

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