easier than throwing away (gb) 1
TRANSCRIPT
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www.osram.com
Easier than throwing away.OSRAM guide for proper lamp disposal.
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Introduction We respect the environment andta e respons ty or protect ng t .
e use resources spar ng y an
avo pro uc ng waste. t our
energy-sav ng amps an systems,
we contribute to environmental pro-
tect o n aroun t e wor .
uoted from the RAM company
guideline: lobal climate change
through the strong increase of man-
ma e green ouse gas em ss ons, t e
r s ng consumpton o m te natura
resources, an energy an water
s ortages n some regons are area y
today noticeable effects for many
peop e. ere ore, we ave to pus
env ronmenta protect on t rougsustana e programs to sa eguar
e e o uture generat ons. veryone
must contribute toward this goal,
n v ua s as we as organ zat ons or
compan es.
RAMs sustainability program global
care represents our commitment to
soc a an env ronmenta respons ty
wor w e. s a ea er n nnovat ve
g t ng so ut ons, we are e cate to
pro ucts an processes t at contr ute
o so v ng g o a susta na ty c a enges,
a ress econom c nee s an protect
e env ronment or to ay an or t e
uture.
eve opment, pro uct on an app cat on
o energy e c ent amps an g t ng
systems contr ute to t e re uct on o
energy consumption and C 2 emissions.
t t e same t me, t s mportant to
a gn t e e cyc e o t ese energy
sav ng so utons wt our envronment,
rom env ronmenta y soun pro uct
designs and manufacturing processes
o a more eco og ca sposa at t een o t e pro uct e cyc e.
resent y n many countr es we are
going through a period where inefficient
g t sources no onger u t e ega
requ rements or energy e c ency an
t ere ore ave to e rep ace y
energy saving lamps. RAM halogen
lamps, compact fluorescent lamps and
- amps are goo a ternat ves or
ncan escent amps. t regar s touorescent amps on y vers ons w t
tr - an p osp ors are use ;
mercury vapor lamps HQ are being
rep ace w t more energy e c ent
a ternatves rom pro uct am es suc
as P WER TA , P WERBALL an
VIAL X NA
o eep t e env ronmenta mpact as
ow as poss e t s essent a t at amps,
e ectronc contro gear an umna res
o not conta n any arm u an env ron-
menta y reevant su stances or,
unavo a e, on y n m n ma quant t es.
n a t on, we ave to ma e sure t at
t ese pro ucts en up n a recyc ng
process at t e en o t e r e cyc e.
s roc ure w n orm you n eta
a out t e part cu ar steps.
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Which laws are applicable Page 0405
to lamps, luminaires and
control gear?
What are the differences Page 0609
between lamp technologies?
What is the benefit Page 1013
of lamp recycling?
Where can I find Page 1415
further information?
CONTENTS
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To make sure that no health or environmental hazards come from products during their entire life cycle
the European Union has issued a few directives over the last years which on one hand reduce or ban
harmful substances and on the other hand regulate the end-of-life treatment of products. The following
directives regulate the use of certain chemical substances and the disposal of lamps, electronic controlgear and luminaires.
EEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
regu ates t e o gat on to ta e ac e ectr c an
e ectron c waste:
The European directive 2002 96 E regarding the obligation
to ta e ac e ectr c an e ectronc waste ecame e ectve
as of February 2003 and subsequently has been transformed
nto national law in all member states. All manufacturers and
mporters of electric and electronic equipment are obliged to
accept returns o t e r pro ucts, an to ta e steps regar ng
e an ng, usage or recyc ng.
manu acturers an mporters are o ge to reg ster t em-
se ves at nat ona eve . e mem er states raw up a st o
manu acturers an recor ata on a yeary ass regar ng t e
quant t es an categor es o e ectrca an e ectronc equpment
t at as een ntro uce , co ecte , recyce an reuse .
t ona y ata on t e a rea y exporte use equ pment,
w c as een co ecte , n cat ng we g t or, t s s not
poss e, t e num er o app ances or evces s recor e .
e ectr ca an e ectron c equ pment e ecte y
must e c ear y a e e w t t e sym o o a crosse out
waste conta ner. nspect on o t e correct mp ementat on o
s rect ve n t e mem er states s carre out at nat ona
evel. In ermany, for example, the European directive is
implemented by the so-called ElektroG, the national law
regulating the introduction, collection and environmental
riendly disposal of electric and electronic equipment. A listof organizations taking care of collection, recycling and reuse
n the E mem er states on ehalf of manufacturers an
importers can be found on page 14.
Which laws are applicable to lamps,
luminaires and control gear?
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
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ohS Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous
ubstances in Electric and Electronic Equipment
re uces hazar ous su stances:
he RoH -Directive (2002 95 E restricts the use of certain
hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment
and components. The ob ective is to completely ban hazard-
ous substances from products and components.
e evant su stances are or examp e
Lead for example in solder
polybrominated biphenyl PBB and polybrominated
diphenyl ethers (PBDE as flame retardants in plastic
mater ia ls an ca les
cadmium, to be found for example in paint and plastics
hexavalent chromium in chrome plating of metals and
p ast cs
hrough this directive, all manufacturers are obliged to no
longer use these substances. However, as this requirement
could not be realised in the production processes used and,
as small quantities cannot be detected analytically, concrete
limit values for hazardous substances in products have been
efined in the revised directive from August 18, 2005.
In addition, a number of exemptions have been made for
some products such as mercury in discharge lamps at
least for the time being. Step by step these exemptions wille t g tene or re uce .
imilar directives regarding environmental protection are also
being discussed or already in effect in countries outside of the
European Union, e.g. witzerland, Norway, United tates,
Japan, China and South Korea.
EA H Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and
estriction of hemicals regulates the introduction
o c em ca s:
Directive E 1907 2006 came into force July 1, 2007 and
reguates t e regstraton, evauat on, aut orsat on an
restr ct on o a c em ca su stances n t e uropean mar et.
anu acturers an mporters o c emcas are e respon-
sible for the safe handling of these substances. nly chemical
substances registered with the uropean hemicals
gency n e s n can e manu acture or mporte nto
e uropean n on.
e o gat on to reg ster app es to a c em ca su stances
w t an annua quant ty o more t an one metr c ton.
REA H regulates the use of chemical substances not just in
ectrc or e ectronc equ pment ut n a goo s an t ere-
ore covers a much wider application area than RoH which
n y covers c em ca s n e ectrc an e ectronc evces.
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ncan escent amps are or ave een use n a most every
app cat on except o ce an n ustr a g t ng.
ue to their low efficacy of about 10 lm/W (lumens per wattncandescent lamps are todays light source with the least
energy efficiency and hence are or will be banned by law in
many countries. As of September 1, 2012 the remaining
wattages of 15, 25 and 40 W are no longer allowed to be
markete within the E .
ncandescent lamps can be disposed of with the general
waste.
What are the differences betweenlamp technologies?
LAMP TECHNOLOGIES
Functional principle tungsten ament s eate to approx mate y 2700 e v ny an e ectrc current an as a resu t emts warm w te g t.
s process s runn ng n a g ass u un er n trogen or an
nert gas atmosp ere. e average amp e s 1000 ours.
Incandescent lamps
Main application
Energy efficiency
Waste disposal
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e unct ona pr nc p e equa s t at o ncan escent amps
except t at a ogen a e to t e ng gas prevents ac -
enng o t e gass u . e so-ca e aogen cyce a ows
or sma er u s apes an resu ts n g er e caces,
onger amp e an r g ter an more r ant g t w c
at 3000 s a so w ter an ence appears a tt e t coo er
t an ncan escent g t.
etween two e ectro es mercury atoms are c arge n a
ow pressure gas sc arge emtt ng pre omnant y u travo et
ra at o n. s ra at o n s e n g converte nto v s e g t
y p osp or coat ngs on t e nner sur ace o t e g ass tu e.
epen ng on t e compos t on o t e p osp ors a g t
coors can e generate , rom warm w te to ay g t.
s a po nt-s ape g t source a ogen amps are par-
tcua r y suta e or accent g t ng n s ops, museums
and galleries. Due to their warm, but brilliant light and the
act t at t ey can eas y e mme , a ogen amps are
a so use or genera um nat on o ote s, restaurants
an ouse o s.
ue to t e r g umnous e cacy, ong amp e an amnar
g t str ut on uorescent amps are espec a y su ta e
for energy efficient general illumination. Therefore, they are
ma n y use n o ce g t n g an n ustr a app cat o ns.
Halogen lamps last up to five times longer than incan-escent lamps. Especially HALOGEN ECO lamps are
an excellent alternative for incandescent lamps in the
next few years.
ith luminous efficacies beyond 100 lm/W particularly T5lamps with a diameter of 16 mm are amongst todays most
fficient and long lasting light sources. When operating them
with dimmable electronic control gears, daylight sensors and
presence detectors energy savings of up to 80 % compared
with older fluorescent systems can be achieved.
ike incandescent lamps halogen lamps do not contain
any harmful substances and can be disposed of with the
general waste.
ll fluorescent lamps contain low quantities of mercury and,
ince 2006, must therefore be disposed of by public and
private waste disposal authorities in the communities.
Halogen lamps Fluorescent lamps
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LAMP TECHNOLOGIES
Functional principle
Main application
Energy efficiency
Waste disposal
Compact fluorescent lamps wor
exactly like linear fluorescent lamps.
The only difference is that their dis-
charge tube is bent or twisted to
allow for a more compact shape.
hen applying a voltage between two
crystalline semi-conducting layers
electrons can move from one layer to
the other where they recombine with
atoms lacking electrons and thereby
emit ra iation which is characteristic
of the layer material. White LED light
s composed of blue LED light sent
through a yellow phosphor coating.lue and yellow spectral components
generate light colors from warm white
to daylight depending on the phosphor.
ese amps no matter p n- ase
or screw- ase w t ntegrate contro
gear are use or genera um nat on
n var ous app catons an t ey are
most requent y nsta e n recesse
own g ts.
- amps em tt ng w te g t are
t e most nnovat ve a ternat ve or
ncan escent amps. ey are use
or genera g t ng purposes as we
as or spot g t ng.
riginally developed as an alternative
or ncan escent amps compact
uorescent amps consume up to
80 less energy than standard incan-
escent amps an ast up to 20 t mes
onger.
o ays amps are on t e same
eve w t screw- ase compact
uorescent regar ng energy e c ency.
ut t ecomes a rea y apparent t at
amps w c ear y outper orm t e
um nous e cac es o compact uo-rescent amps n t e next years. e
typ ca average amp e o 25,000
ours s a rea y muc onger t an t at
o t e most ong ast ng compact
uorescent amps.
compact uorescent amps conta n
ow quant t es o mercury an , s nce
2006, must t ere ore e spose oy pu c an pr vate waste sposa
aut or t es n t e commun t es.
t oug amps o not contan
mercury t ey must e spose o ust
e sc arge amps v a pu c anprvate waste sposa aut ort es n t e
communt es ue to t e r e ectronc
componen s.
ompact fluorescent lamps ED lamps so-called retrofits
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etween two electrodes mercury
atoms are charged under high pressure
by electrons thereby emitting blue
and green light. A phosphor coating
improves the color temperature and
leads to a moderate color rendering.
A mixture of mercury and metal halides
is excited by electrons in a high
pressure atmosphere forming a white
discharge arc between two electrodes.
Depending on the composition of the
chemical elements used this discharge
can generate light colors from warm
white to daylight with excellent color
rendering.
etween the electro es so ium atoms
are charged by electrons under high
pressure in high pressure sodium lamps
or likewise under low pressure in low
pressure sodium lamps. Low pressure
sodium lamps emit monochromatic
yellow light making it impossible to
render any color but yellow. High pres-
sure sodium lamps allow for renderingof some primary colors.
ue to t e r mo erate co or ren er ng
mercury amps are a most exc us ve y
use to um nate streets an pu c
p aces, occasona y a so or n ustra
g t ng.
s a po nt-s ape g t source meta
a e amps are part cu ar y su ta e or
spot g t ng. amps w t ower wattages
are o ten use n s op g tng an atey
a so or um nat on o roa s an pu c
areas. amps w t wattages o 400
an g er are ma n y use n n ustr a
an sports g tng.
ue to t e r ye ow g t an t e r
nsu c ent co or ren er ng propert es
so um vapor amps are a most ex-
cusve y use n out oor g t ng suc
as um nat on o roa s, pu c p aces,
u ng aca es, ra way trac s an
n ustr a ac t es.
ercury amps ac eve on y a max -
mum luminous efficacy of 60 lm W,
t e owest o a g ntens ty s-
c arge amps. ere ore, t ey w
e anne n t e an as o 2015
may no onger e roug t to mar et.
eta a e amps stan out ue to
t e r very g um nous e cacy o
more than 100 lm W and their excellent
co or ren er ng. ro ucts w t ceram c
tec noogy c ear y outper orm versons
w t quartz urners regar ng energye c ency, co or ren er ng an amp e.
odium vapor lamps are very energy
e c ent. g pressure so um amps
reach efficacies of 150 lm W and with
up to 174 lm W low pressure versions
ac eve current y t e g est um nous
e cac es o a genera g t ng amps;owever t e r monoc romat c ye ow
g t s m te to on y very ew out oor
app cat ons.
ercury amps conta n mercury an ,
s nce 2006, must t ere ore e s-
pose o y pu c an pr vate wastesposa aut or t es n t e commun t es.
eta a e amps contan mercury an ,
s nce 2006, must t ere ore e spose
o v a pu c an pr vate waste sposaaut or t es n t e commun t es.
odium vapor lamps contain mostly
mercury an t e c em ca e ement
so um w c reacts eav y w t uma r. ere ore, a urne out so um
vapor amps nee to e spose o
pro essona y.
ercury amps eta a e amps odium vapor lamps
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Recycling of products always targets the recovery of as many unmixed materials as possible in
order to save our limited resources and to protect the environment by disposing of pollutants in
an environmental-friendly way.
Various methods have become established for the recycling
of discharge lamps either in a mobile or fixed system. The
a m o t ese met o s s to separate a amp components
Lamp collection takes place either through delivery to municipal
collection stations or, for larger quantities, through pick-up
serv ce o comm ss one waste management companes. ou
can norma y n eta e n ormaton a out waste manage-
ment on the websites of the municipalities. The European
lamp industry has organized the collection and recycling of
used discharge lamps using specific companies for waste
management. ore n ormat on a out t e contractua partners
s ava a e on request rom t e organ zat ons n eac o t e
European countries. Contact addresses of Collection and
Recycling Service Organizations can be found on page 14
of this rochure.
Which recycling methods are available?
What is the benefit of lamp recycling?
nd to reuse the residual materials as much as possible.
lean glass can be used for the production of new lamps;
m xe g ass s use or ot er g ass pro ucts. eta parts
re sent or meta recyc ng an p ast cs are energet ca y
recovered. Phosphors are blown out or washed out and can
e reused for industrial production as well as the separated
mercury content. An impressive example is OSRAMs German
recycling partner DELA (as of January 1, 2012 under the
new name WEEE ervice mbH , who recycles almost all
amp components for new production. For example unmixed
mercury is extracted from distillation or mercury is trans-
formed into mercury sulphide chemically stable cinnabar
y a spec a process eve ope y .
o prevent any danger to humans and the environment, all
amp treatment processes are conducted in vacuum-sealed
ystems and have special waste air purification systems.
e o owng paragrap s escr e to ay s most common
recyc ng met o s.
RECYCLING
So far the ratio between collected fluorescent lamps and other lamp types has been approximately 85 to 15 percent. However, the percentage of energy saving lamps is increasing.
(Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)
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End ut method: This process has been developed for
linear fluorescent lamps and yields maximum recycling rates
feeding up to 90 % of the treated glass directly into the lamp
production.
hredder method:The shredder method allows all types
of discharge lamps to be processed, including broken
lamps and production waste. It is particularly suitable for
lamps with many different forms and different types of glass.
fter separating phosphors, plastics and metals, the
recyc e g ass can e use or pro ucts w t ower pur ty
requirements.
ro en g ass was ng met o : arge vo umes o
unsorted fluorescent lamps as well as broken lamps are
crushed in automatic unit. In a closed loop phosphors
are was e out an mercury s remove y means o
distillation. Then the remaining components are separated
into different materials by means of sifting and the glass is
reused for the production of new lamps.
Centrifugal separation method:This metho allows al l
compact fluorescent lamps and non-linear discharge lamps
to be processed. In a centrifugal separation system lamp
caps, electronic components, metals and plastic materials
are separated from then glass parts. The glass is reused for
the production of glass products, metals are sent for metalrecyc ng an p ast cs are energet ca y recovere .
Product-specific stripping methods: nly lamps of a
s m ar n can e processe us n g t s met o . e
a vantage s t at t e amp u s separate rom t e cap
and mercury is separated from all other lamp components
n t e rst process ng step. e sa vantage compare to
met o s escr e ear er s t at a co ecte amps rst
have to be sorted manually according to their shape and
s ze.
Mercury in this bottle is the yield of approximately 200,000 energy saving lamps.
(Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)
Washed and crushed material is separated by different sifters and metal separators.
(Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)
Linear fluorescent lamps delivered on pallets are fed directly into the broken glass
washing unit without further pre-treatment. (Photo: Dr. Jrgen Kroll)
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he unmixed extraction of lamp components such as glass
or metal by means of modern recycling processes reduces
the resulting residual waste by 95 %. Nevertheless it is
wort w e to eep mprov ng recyc ng met o s n or er
to re uce t e reman ng waste mater a even urt er.
In the recent past the discussion about raw materials
roug t attent on to a group o meta s, t e so-ca e rare
eart meta s. ese e ements are use wor w e n
e ectron c pro ucts suc as permanent magnets n e ectr c
or hybrid vehicles, rechargeable batteries, mobile phones,
at screens and also discharge lamps. The predominant
s are o p osp ors an a so t e g t o meta a e amps
are generate y rare eart meta s.
he demand for these chemical elements is continuously
increasing, resources are limited, the extraction is becoming
more expens ve an pr ces ave ncrease ramat ca y.
ere ore, t ma es sense to recyce t ese meta s an reuse
t em ncreas ngy as secon ary raw mater a .
rocesses to extract rare eart meta s rom p osp ors o
a rea y ex st. t present, companes are nvest ng even more
n researc an eve opment to urt er mprove recyc ng
met o s.
RECYCLING
Rare earths are needed to produce phosphors for fluorescent and compact
fluorescent lamps.
Red
Eu, Y
Blue
Eu Green
Ce, La, Tb
White
LightEu
Eu
Y
TBCe
La
What happens to the components?
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ost energy sav ng amps conta n a sma amount o mercury
(between 1.5 and 5 mg depending on the lamp type) which
must be professionally extracted by means of recycling. The
on y t me a consumer may e expose to mercury s t e
glass of the lamp is cracked or broken.
t s appens, t e o owng rues ep to excu e t e
ex osure:
a e sure to sconnect t e amp or um na re rom any
electric power
Open the windows and leave the room for 10 to 15
m nutes
Thoroughly sweep the surface to collect all lamp parts ter vent at on, gat er t e rema n ng sma p eces w t
a sposa e c o t or a es v e tape.
hen using a vacuum cleaner (e. g. for carpets make
sure to mme ate y remove t e ag
Collect the lamp pieces in a sealed bag or container and
ring it to the next collection point for waste lamps. If you
ave to store t n t e meant me, p ease o so out oors.
Handling broken lamps.RAM: Responsible use of mercury.
The majority of RAM energy-saving
amps conta n no more t an .5 m grams
o mercurywt a vo ume o ess t an
. mm3 s amount wou cover t e t p
o a a po nt pen
e amount o mercury conta ne n ust
one o -sty e me ca t ermometer wou
e enoug or to 1 energy-sav ng
amps.
RAM used advanced os ng tec n ques
to re uce t e mercury nee e n t e manu-
acture o amps to an a so ute m n mum
at a recyc ng center. RAM was greatly
nvove n settng up a unct on ng system
or co ect ng an recyc ng t e amps.
nergy-savng amps e p preven mercury
e ng re ease nto t e atmosp ere
esp te t e act t at t ey t emse ves conta n
mercury. s s ecause cons era y more
mercury s re ease y coa - re power
stat ons t an s use n energy-sav ng amps.
n ecause energy-sav ng g t uses ess
e ectr c ty, ess coa as to e urne an
t ere ore ess mercury n s ts way nto t e
env ronment.
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To ensure environment-friendly collection and recycling of discharge lamps the lighting industry in the
member states of the European Union has founded the following agencies organising the collection and
transportation of spent lamps for their partners.
Where can I find further information?
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Code Country Agency Link
Austria UFH www.ufh.at
BE Belgium LightRec (Recupel) www.recupel.be
CH Switzerland Stiftung Licht Recycling Schweiz (SLRS) www.slrs.ch
CZ Czech Republic Ekolamp www.ekolamp.cz
DE Germany Lightcycle Retourlogistik und Service GmbH www.lightcycle.de
DK Denmark Lyskildebranches WEEE Forening (LWF) www.LWF.nu
EE Estonia Ekogaisma SIA www.ekogaisma.ee
ES Spain Ambilamp www.ambi lamp.com
FI Finland FLIP www.flip.fi
FR France Rcylum www.recylum.fr
GB United Kingdom Recolight Limited www.recolight.uk
GR Greece Appliances Recycling S.A. www.electrocycle.gr
ungary Electro- oord Kht. www.electro-coord.hu
Irelan Recolight Ireland www.weeeireland.ie
Italy Ecolamp www.ecolamp.i
Lithuania pa www.epa.
LU Luxembourg Ecotrel asbl www.ecotrel.org
LV Latvia Ekogaisma SIA www.ekogaisma.lv
NL Netherlands Lightrec www.lightrec.nl
NO Norway El-Retur www.elretur.no
PL Poland ElektroEko www.elektroeko.pl
PT Portugal Amb3E www.amb3e.pt
RO Romania Asociatia Recolamp www.recolamp.ro
SE Sweden El-Kretsen i Sverige AB www.el-kretsen.se
SI Slovenia Ekosij Zeos www.zeos.si
SK Slovakia Ekolamp www.ekolamp.sk
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A itional contacts for more information
www.osram.com/global-care
www.lightcycle.com
Detailed information about the European WEEE directive, RoH and REA H
can e oun un er:European ommission: www.ec.europa.eu environment
RoH compliance through the European Union: www.rohs.eu
Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA): www.baua.de
EL The European Lamp ompanies Federation
www.e c e .org
www.ce ma.org
c t. e
www.licht. e
entra ver an e trotec n un e tro n ustr e e. .
www.zve .com
www.zvei.org en homepage
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PAF
CPM
Subjecttochangewithoutnotice
.Errorsandomissionexcepted
462W001
GB03
/12V
OOSRAM
CC&
IR
OSRAM AG
Head Office
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81543 Munich
Germany
Phone +49 (0) 89-6213-0
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