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Easton National Bank Bldg

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(Photo by Richard F. Hope)

Easton National Bank Building (316 Northampton Street, now Bank Street Annex)

This property was originally part of a larger pair of Lots, which housed a colonial tavern facing Centre Square. Frederick Nungesser obtained licenses to sell liquor in 1759 and 1760 (when his name was spelled “Nuncaster”). He finally obtained a patent from the Penn Family for Lot No.132 (in the corner of the Square) in 1765, in return for 7 shillings in yearly rent. He also apparently built a stable on the adjoining land that faces Northampton Street – Lot No.133 – but the Penn Family only gave formal title to that Lot Christina Nungessor, Frederick’s widow, in 1789.

· Frederick Nungesser was the great-grandfather of Easton lawyer Andrew Reeder, who achieved fame (or notoriety) when he was appointed the first Territorial Governor of Kansas in 1854. A year later, he barely escaped the territory with his life.

After Frederick Nungesser’s death 1774, his will gave a life estate in Lot No.132 to his wife, and then (after her death) her property passed to their children. This arrangement apparently resulted in some messy joint ownership interests. By 1800, the Widow Nungesser (who apparently acquired one of her children’s remainder interests) and the owners of three of the other children’s shares were sold to John Shnyder, who in turn sold his 4/5 interest to John Green. However, one daughter (Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Sidman) did not join in selling to Green.

· Elizabeth’s husband, Colonel Isaac Sidman, had become “the leading merchant in the town.” He “was instrumental in having the first sidewalk laid in the town . . . in front of his property” on Northampton Street. Sidman was originally from Philadelphia, but had become the clerk to Johan David Boehringer, a shoemaker and merchant who had left the Moravian Economy in Bethlehem and ultimately opened a business in Easton using the Moravian church building on South Third Street, near the corner at Ferry Street. When Boehringer lost that property through a Sheriff’s sale in 1773, Frederick Nungesser had bought it and “transferred the business to Boehringer’s clerk, Isaac Sidman” – who then married Nungesser’s daughter Elizabeth in the following year. Sidman was very popular in Easton, and was elected the Lt. Colonel of the First Regiment of the “Flying Camp” Militia organized to aid General Washington in 1776, even though old Peter Kichlein had been appointed Colonel of Northampton Count’s troops the year before. However, Sidman’s appointment “caused a great controversy owing to his youthful appearance”. For whatever reason, the Northampton County Committee of Safety decided that “there was so much dissatisfaction with [Sidman] that it was not thought safe to have the division go into action under him. For this reason, . . . Sidman was removed, and Peter Kichline appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the new battalion”. Sidman instead purchased property in 1776 at the NW corner of Third and Ferry Streets, on which he built a hotel. In about 1781, he sold that hotel to Conrad Ihrie Jr. and moved back to Philadelphia.

· According to Historian William J. Heller, Sidman returned to Easton in “about the year 1785, when the division of the estate of his late father-in-law, Frederick Nungesser, was taking place”. He built his Northampton Street store on land inherited from the Frederick Nungesser estate. Historian Heller locates that store “at the southwest corner of Northampton Street and Centre Square” – however, an engraving of the street that was otherwise dated to the late 1790s (and to the year 1800 by another historian) does not show this stone structure. Whenever year the stone store was built, Sidman ultimately “disposed of his mercantile business to his clerks, Titus and Innes”, and returned again to Philadelphia. He and his wife sold their 1/5 interest in the Nungesser estate’s land in 1802 to Peter Miller, Easton’s “merchant prince”, one of the wealthiest citizens in town.

Businessmen Green and Miller were then left to reconcile their partial interests in the property. They decided to partition their interests cleanly into separate lots, and adopted a simple plan. First, Miller would re-divide the two properties into 5 parcels. Then, Green would choose four of them for his own, leaving Miller the one remaining. In fact, Miller’s division split the two Original Lots into five parcels that all faced Northampton Street, and only the end parcel fronted on Centre Square. (The original Lots, as surveyed by Parsons, had both fronted on Centre Square.) Green took his four parcels from the ends – two nearest Centre Square and two nearest what became Bank Alley – while Miller was left with the one in the middle. In 1815, John Green obtained a formal release of the 7 shillings annual rent to the Penn Family contained in the original Patent on Lot 132, thus clearing the title.

John Green came to Easton in approximately 1784 or ’85 at age 17. He died on 9 March 1854 at age 87 or 88. He was apparently a carpenter by trade. He became a substantial property owner in Easton, owning property at the foot of Northampton Street, near the Delaware River bridge (now 101 Northampton Street), and a hotel on Northampton Street (now 137-39 Northampton Street), as well as this property at the SW corner of Centre Square and Northampton Street (now 30 Centre Square) and the land that later became the Easton Bank at 316 Northampton Street. He was also a manager of the Delaware River Bridge Co., and of the Easton Water Co., as well as a founder and the President of the Fire Insurance Company of Northampton County.

In an apparent effort to extend his successful hotel practice farther East on Northampton Street, John Green “erected a large three story brick Messuage” (building) on the two parcels of land next to what later became Bank Alley, and had them operated as a hotel by ex-Revolutionary War Captain John Arndt. John Arndt was the son of Major Jacob Arndt (1725 – 1806). The Major had immigrated to Pennsylvania with his parents at age 6-1/2, from their farm in or near the town of Baumholder in the Zweibrücken area of Germany. Grandmother Arndt (the Major’s grandmother) had opposed the move, but changed her mind when a pig being painstakingly fattened for a family feast had to be sold instead to pay a special tax imposed by the Duke to pay for the wedding of the Duke’s daughter. The Major learned shoemaking from his father, and grew up on his father’s farm in Germantown. He started a farm of his own, along with a shoemaking business, in Rockhill Township (Bucks County) at about the time of his marriage in 1747. In 1756, early in the French and Indian War, he was elected Captain of the Rockhill Township militia, and was posted to frontier forts along the Blue Mountain, including Fort Allen. Among other things, he conducted Chief Teedyuscung to and from Fort Allen to Easton for the Indian Treaty Conference of 1756. He was promoted to Major – over the head of two more senior Captains – in 1758, and continued to oversee frontier forts in the rear of General Forbes’s column on their march to seize Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh). In January of 1760, with British forces in control of the War, he retired from the army (at age 35) and sold his farm in Bucks County in favor of 148 acres of land purchased in Forks Township, including the mill and dam on the Bushkill where Bushkill Park would later be located. There, he became in time a wealthy farmer and miller, Justice of the Peace, and a justice of the Common Pleas Quarter Session in 1766. He acquired additional land in Forks Township, as well as a tract in Plainfield Township that he named “Baumholder” after his birthplace. As the troubles with England developed, he became an ardent supporter of Pennsylvania’s rights, serving on Northampton County’s Committee of Observation and Inspection in Easton, and in 1777-80 serving on the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, including the Council of Safety of 1777, which at various times exercised a “Roman dictatorship” with “practically absolute power” over the affairs of state.

At the start of the Revolutionary War, one of Major Arndt’s sons, John Arndt (1748 – 1814), was “operating his father’s mill in Forks Township”, and had recently lost his wife after childbirth. In 1776, John Arndt raised a company of approximately 102 men that joined the “Flying Camp” Battalion of Col. Peter Kachlein (of Easton) to join Washington’s Army at Amboy, New Jersey. After two battles that summer, only 33 men came home in November. Captain Arndt’s Company was commissioned as the Kichline Battalion’s rifle company – at that time, a much less common military weapon than the musket, which was quicker-loading could support a bayonet. Arndt’s Company fought at the disastrous Battle of Long Island, with heavy casualties. The Northampton County men acquitted themselves well, being part of the force that stood off the opening attack by British General Grant’s division, and were said in fact have killed General Grant himself. The overall British Commander (General Howe) later recorded that Grant was killed by “Kichline’s riflemen” (i.e. by Captain Arndt’s Company).

· A more recent authority indicates, however, that it was a British Colonel James Grant, rather than General James Grant, who was killed, causing the Americans to reach an erroneous conclusion.

Despite the initial American success in holding their position against a British feint, Howe’s British and Hessian army successfully outflanked Washington’s colonial force, forcing it back and inflicting a major defeat on the Americans. In its day, it was the largest battle (by number of participants) ever fought in North America. Captain Arndt’s elbow was smashed by a “small cannon Ball” in the battle, and he was treated at a military hospital in Bergen, New Jersey.

A portion of the remnant of Arndt’s Company was then posted to Fort Washington, New York. The British stormed and captured this fort on 16 November 1776, once again with large colonial losses, including John Arndt’s young cousin who had served as the drummer.

The Arndt Company survivors, including the wounded Captain Arndt, were mustered out of service on 17 November 1776. Other colonials later made it home from captivity, such as the Northampton County Battalion’s Colonel (Peter Kichline, wounded and captured at the Battle of Long Island, who later became Easton Borough’s first Burgess), and Jacob Weygandt Sr. (captured at Fort Washington, who later became Easton’s first newspaper publisher). Arndt returned to Easton, and promptly filed charges with the County Committee to stop stories being circulated in town that he had hidden behind a barn at the Battle of Long Island, run away from his Company at Fort Washington, and sold out his Company. The principal source of the stories was Frederick “Reeger” (Rieger), repeated by two other men included Henry Allshouse (Easton’s first carpenter, who was apparently a relative of the Company’s fifer lost at Fort Washington). Arndt was supported by evidence from two of his men, who testified that he had not hidden at Long Island but had personally saved “above twenty of his Com’y”. Although he had left Fort Washington the day before the British assault (presumably to review the other half of his Company, which was not stationed there), it was not in any apprehension of a forthcoming British attack. The trial vindicated Arndt, and Reeger was ordered to acknowledge misconduct by circulating his stories.

Somewhat incapacitated by his wound (he was never again able to bend his elbow), John Arndt moved back to his father’s grist mill in Forks Township. The next year (1777), the Captain married his second wife – Elizabeth, daughter of Conrad Ihrie, whose farm was a close neighbor in Forks Township. His father-in-law owned and operated a tavern on South Pomfret Street (where the little municipal parking lot is now located in the middle of the block on the East side of South Third Street). In order to make a home for the newly married Captain Arndt couple, Conrad Ihrie demanded that his tenant, Robert Levers (Easton’s Prothonotary and virtual “dictator”), vacate his rooms in the Tavern, and also remove the United States and Pennsylvania documents that Levers had stored there while the British occupied Philadelphia. Levers did move for a time, but disliked living out of Easton, and was eventually allowed to return when he agreed to let Ihrie increase his rent from £13 per year to an “extortionate” £100 per year. The Arndts continued to live with the Major at the mill property in Forks Township until 1796, when they moved into Easton to a different house owned by Conrad Ihrie at the NW corner of Ferry and South Pomfret (later Third) Streets.

John Arndt was appointed Register for the Probate of Wills and Recorder of Deeds in 1777. He also succeeded his father’s office as Justice of the Peace, and later became Clerk of the Orphan’s Court. In 1778 he also was appointed to the army’s Commissary of Purchases in Pennsylvania, and in the following year he became a Commissioner of Exchange (of prisoners of war). He also served as Northampton County Treasurer for several years. John Arndt purchased his father’s mill property in Forks Township in 1785, subject to paying a portion of the income to his parents. He became a Judge of the Northampton County Court of Common Pleas in 1786, and Clerk of the Orphans Court in 1788. He was also a member of the first national Electoral College in that year, casting his vote for George Washington to become the first President. He was also elected a delegate in 1787 to the Pennsylvania Convention that considered the new federal Constitution: “It has been said that his approval of this document brought all the other Pennsylvania delegates in line.”

John Arndt apparently kept the public records at the mill property in Forks Township, at least until the County Records Building was built in 1792. An Act of the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1796 required public officers to live in the county seat, and perhaps as a result Arndt was forced to move to Easton. On 4 March 1796, he moved into a house purchased from his father-in-law, Conrad Ihrie at the NW corner of Third and Ferry Streets. Arndt lost all his public offices in the 1799-1800 timeframe, after he backed the unsuccessful Federalist Party candidate for Pennsylvania Governor, and the new Governor Thomas McKean had Arndt “marked out as one of his first victims of Democratic Phrenzy and mad zeal” (to quote Captain Arndt’s account of the event). A bitter Arndt concluded as a result that “there is no notion of such a thing as Gratitude in a Republican Government”.

The Captain retired to become a “shopkeeper” in Easton until the Spring of 1813. It is presumably during this period that he operated the hotel on Northampton Street on John Green’s property, because it was John Green who erected the hotel building, presumably after he acquired his interest in the property. Captain John Arndt died in 1814 at age 65 in his house at Third and Ferry Streets. He was buried in the Arndt Family Burial Group where his father was also laid – and which John had given in 1806 to be used by the public.

Rev. Condit maintains that the hotel building on Bank Alley was in operation early enough so that, “While Mr. _____ Gulick was its landlord, British prisoners were quartered in it for a few days.” It seems unlikely that this can refer to the Revolutionary War period, since we have seen above that the Nungessers appear to have maintained only outbuildings here until approximately 1800. Historian Floyd Bixler identifies “Mr. Gulick” as John Arndt’s assistant, so perhaps Rev. Condit’s reference was to British prisoners during the War of 1812. At all events, during John Arndt’s operation of the hotel, “[t]he business justified some additional help, so when he heard of a young man at Ross Commons, Pa., by the name of White, who was highly spoken of, Mr. Arndt hired him as second assistant. The young man proved to be a great success.” In fact, he became famous Easton hotelier William “Chippy” White, who made Arndt’s hotel very popular. In the early 1800s, the 2-1/2 story hotel with three window bays was overflowing with guests, who were then accommodated both in Barnet’s Tavern, located to the West across Bank Street, and later through a connecting door to Peter Miller’s Residence, next door to the East.

As noted above, Captain John Arndt died in 1814. At that time, the area needed a bank to issue notes for use as currency. This need led to the opening of the Easton Bank in June of that year. It was the sixth bank in Pennsylvania, and the only one of its kind within a 60 mile radius. The Easton Bank purchased John Arndt’s Tavern building from owner John Green in 1815, demolished the building, and erected its bank building on the property.

· “Chippy” White then opened his more famous hotel in Centre Square, in the brick residence where John Arndt’s brother, Jacob, had died two years before.

At the front of the Easton Bank’s property, near Northampton Street, stood a watch house for the night watchman, who (after 9 pm) was required to make rounds and proclaim “All is well” every hour throughout the night. The Easton Bank adopted depictions of the watchman as a trademark.

Northampton Street c.1845, Showing the Watch House

Christian Bixler III (see Bixler’s Jewelers, below) was among the Easton Bank’s charter petitioners. Easton notable Samuel Sitgreaves was the first President. Samuel Sitgreaves XE "Sitgreaves, Samuel" was a prominent Easton figure, who came from Philadelphia in 1786 (aged 26) to “mend his broken fortunes”. He was a lawyer; a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania; and from 1798 a US Commissioner to Great Britain regarding British claims under the Jay Treaty. In addition, he was a leader of the campaign to build the Delaware River Bridge XE "Delaware River Bridge" in 1806. Sitgreaves donated the building around which Easton’s Library Hall was built (which continued as Easton’s town library until 1903), and also donated the land for Easton Trinity Episcopal Church.

Col. Thomas McKeen was the first Cashier of the Bank, under President Sitgreaves, and he later succeeded Sitgreaves as the Second President of the Bank. By 1860, William Hackett was the Cashier.

In 1865 the Bank became the Easton National Bank when it joined the national banking system. Prior to that time, it had issued its own currency, which had been accepted at par value as far south as Virginia, due to the Bank’s reputation for financial soundness. Prior to 1874, the Easton National Bank was listed at 118 Northampton Street, under the street numbering scheme then in effect. In 1909, the Bank added property to its holdings at this location.

The current Bank building was built in 1929, with an “Art Deco” design style (identified by one survey as “Egyptian Revival”), including a 40 foot hand-decorated ceiling. It was designed by Easton architect William Marsh Michler.

The Easton National Bank merged with the Easton Trust Company in 1959, and in 1963 the merged bank moved to a location on Centre Square (now 6 South Third Street). It sold the Northampton Street building to Reininger’s Jewelry Store in 1969. That store had be started at 164-66 Northampton Street by Joseph Reininger, shortly after he immigrated to the United States from Hungary (then part of the Austrian Empire) in 1901. Between 1918 and 1920, Reininger’s Jewelry Store moved to 214 Northampton Street. It was taken over by Mrs. Mary Reininger in the early 1920s. She operated the store -- joined by a partner, Louis Freedberg in the 1930s – at various addresses on Northampton Street. It was advertised in the 1940s as “Easton’s Oldest credit jeweler” – which distinguished it from the older Bixler’s Jewelry Store. Mr. Freedberg retired from the business in 1973, 4 years after the acquisition of the Easton Bank Building, and his ownership interest in the property was taken over by Milton Brodsky, and later by Ronald Brodsky. Mary Reininger retired by 1989, leaving the business to Ronald Brodsky – but the store closed the following year, and in 1992 Ronald Brodsky lost the building in a Sheriff’s Sale. In 1998, the building was sold again (this time for a substantial profit), and converted into a banquet facility operated as the “Bank Street Annex”, a catering restaurant that (among other things) holds regular buffet dinners for State Theatre patrons.

� Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 163 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(specifically describing the 1760 license document “lying before him”, and also specifically noting that the 1759 license was in possession of Nungesser’s great-great-grandson, Hon. Howard J. Reeder, and was “justly prized as a relic”); see also Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton – Phillipsburg 1999 Calendar unnumbered p.21 (Buscemi Enterprises 1998)(Frederick Nungesser granted a liquor license “in the early 1770s”).

� Patent, Tomas Penn and Richard Penn to Frederick Nungesser, Patent Book A18 390 (8 Feb. 1765), as cited in Deed, Isaac (Elizabeth) Sidman to Peter Miller, H2 437 (30 Nov. 1802); Deed, Christina Nungesser, et al., to John Shnyder, F2 224 (8 Feb. 1800); accord, Chidsey, The Penn Patents, supra; see also Release of Annual Rent, John Penn and William (Juliana Catharine) Penn to John Green, B4 193 (7 Jan. 1815)(recital that deed to Frederick Nungesser was at Patent Book A18 290).

� See A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton 234-35, 258 (vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940)(Building No.50). This clearly shows the hotel as facing Centre Square, and only the stable and outbuildings as being located on the part of the property facing Northampton Street.

William J. Heller’s engraving caption in Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car plate facing p.10 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984), appears to locate Nungesser’s Hotel on Northampton Street, on the West side of Bank Street. In fact, the place where Heller’s caption number is located could refer, not to the Northampton Street building that appears over it, but instead to the roof and gable appearing behind in the background, which actually did belong to the Nungesser Hotel building facing Centre Square. Because of this error, Heller apparently did attempt to insert Nungesser’s Hotel onto Northampton Street, wrongfully locating it just West of Bank Street where Rinker’s Hotel building actually stood, and wrongfully believing that the next building over was Rinker’s. Once this mistake is corrected, the buildings fall into line in accordance with Chidsey and the deeds.

� Deed, John Penn the Younger and John Penn the Elder to Christina Nungesser, B2 558 (27 Oct. 1789); accord, Chidsey, The Penn Patents, supra; Chidsey, A Frontier Village, supra at 158.

� Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 163 (George W. West 1885 / 1889).

� Territorial Kansas Online, “Andrew H. Reeder, 1807-1864”, www.territorialkansasonline.org/cgiwrap/imlskto/index.php?SCREEN=bio_sketches/reeder_andrew (accessed 24 July 2007); E.J. Fox, “Andrew H. Reeder”, in William E. Connelley (Secretary, Kansas State Historical Society, compiler), A Standard History of kansas and Kansans (Lewis Publishing Company 1918), transcribed to the Internet at skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/bior/reederah.html (accessed 9 Sept. 2006); Portrait and Biographical Record of Lehigh, Northampton and Carbon Counties, Pennsylvania 175-78 (Chapman Publishing Co. 1894, reprint by Higginson Book Co.); Frank B. Copp, Biographical Sketches of Some of Easton’s Prominent Citizens 6-11 (Hillburn & West 1879); William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 64-65 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984); William J. Heller, II History of Northampton County and The Grand Valley of the Lehigh Biographical Section 32-33 (The American Historical Society 1920); Marie and Frank Summa & Leonard Buscemi Sr., Images of America: Historic Easton 125 (Arcadia Publishing 2000)(picture); II The Twentieth Century Bench and Bar of Pennsylvania 325-26 (H.C. Cooper, Jr., Bro. & Co. 1903). See generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for the Reeder Homestead at 226 Northampton Street.

� Frederick Nungesser died on 3 May 1774. Chidsey, A Frontier Village, supra at 158.

� See Deed, Christina Nungesser, et al., to John Shnyder, F2 224 (8 Feb. 1800)(recitals).

� Deed, Christina Nungesser, Abraham (Catherine) Bachman and Absalom (Christina) Reeder to John Shnyder, F2 224 (8 Feb. 1800)(sale price $1013-1/3). This quit claim deed conveyed three of the five outstanding interests in the property.

Deed, John Nungesser to Adam Yohe, B2 556 (26 Nov. 1795)(£ 150); Deed Poll, Henry Spering, Sheriff, for the Estate of Adam Yohe, to John Snyder, F2 100 (14 May 1799) and Sheriff A2 45 (14 May 1799). Although not mentioning that it represented only a 1/5 interest, this set of quit claim deeds would only have conveyed the 1/5 portion of the estate that John Nungeser (brother of George Nungessor, and both sons of Frederick Nungessor) actually owned. A.D. Chidsey, in A Frontier Village, supra at 258, evidently read the deed to Adam Yohe erroneously (based only upon its language, without regard to the surrounding circumstances of the estate) as conveying a complete title. Chidsey’s reading is, of course, inconsistent with the partition of the land between John Green and Peter Miller in 1803-05, as discussed below.

Historian William Heller believed that the property was divided into discrete parcels and distributed to the heirs. William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car place facing 71 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984). However, this also is inconsistent with the common ownership that John Green and Peter Miller obtained from the family, as reflected later in their partition agreement (see below).

� Deed, John (Christina) Schnyder to John Green, G2 593 (18 Apr. 1803)(sale price £1,100).

� Colonel Isaac Sidman had, in 1776, operated a hotel on South Third Street just North of Ferry Street (on part of the land where the Easton Parking Garage is now located). He sold that land to Conrad Ihrie, Jr.

� William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 71 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984).

� Historian of Easton [Rev. Uzal W. Condit], “Easton’s First Chief Burgess – Personal History of Peter Kichline – A Leader and Patriot in Revolutionary Times – An Interesting Narrative of Events in the Frontier Town of Easton Over One Hundred Years Ago”, Easton Daily Free Press, Thurs., 25 Sept. 1890, p.3, cols.2-5 (at col.4).

� Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 71; Historian of Easton [Rev. Uzal W. Condit], “Easton’s First Chief Burgess – Personal History of Peter Kichline – A Leader and Patriot in Revolutionary Times – An Interesting Narrative of Events in the Frontier Town of Easton Over One Hundred Years Ago”, Easton Daily Free Press, Thurs., 25 Sept. 1890, p.3, cols.2-5 (at col.4)(actually the Lieutenant Colonel of the “Flying Camp”).


� Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 68, 71. Heller’s dates are somewhat confused and inconsistent between the two entries. Accord, Deed, Isaac (Elizabeth) Sidman to Conrad Ihrie the Younger, E1 216 (12 Mar. 1780)(Original Town Lot No.123), subject to the annual quit rent of 7 shillings established in Patent, John Penn the Younger and John Penn the Elder to Isaac Sidman, Patent Book AA9 202 (5 Mar. 1776). See also Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The Easton – Phillipsburg 1999 Calendar unnumbered p.3 (Buscemi Enterprises 1998).

� Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 68, 71.

� Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 71.

� See Richard F. Hope, “Walking Tour: Easton in 1797”, Easton Irregular 4 (May 2009); Rayner Wickersham Kelsey, At the Forks of the Delaware 1794 – 1811, Paper Read at Easton, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1919, before the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society, plate facing 2 (The Pennsylvania History Press 1920)(dated to 1800). Heller dates the picture earlier, to the close of the Revolutionary War. Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra picture facing 12.

� Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car, supra at 71.

� Deed, Isaac (Elizabeth) Sidman to Peter Miller, H2 437 (30 Nov. 1802).

� Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, 12 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)( Paper Read before the Northampton County Historical Society at the St. Crispin Anniversary Dinner at the Lafayette Hotel on 25 Oct. 1930).

� Article of Agreement, John Green and Peter Miller, A3 225 (23 Feb. 1803)(Northampton County Real Estate Archives); Deed, Peter Miller to John Green, A3 226 (25 April 1805).

� A.D. Chidsey, Jr., The Penn Patents in the Forks of the Delaware Plan of Easton, Map 2 (Vol. II of Publications of the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1937).

� Deed, Peter Miller to John Green, A3 226 (25 April 1805).

� Release of Yearly Rent, John Penn and William (Juliana Catharine) Penn to John Green, B4 193 (7 Jan. 1815).

� See Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 156-57 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(one of the “first settlers” of Easton, died at age 88); Henry F. Marx (compiler), II Marriages and Deaths Northampton County 1852 – 1870 Newspaper Extracts 318 (Easton Area Public Library 1934)(age 87 according to the Easton Argus and age 88 according to the Whig)(had been in Easton since age 17 – implying that he came to town in 1784 or ’85); accord, 1790 Census, Series M637, Roll 8, p.266; see 1800 Census, Series M32, Roll 37, p.536; 1810 Census, Series M252, Roll 51, p.165; 1820 Census, Series M33, Roll 104, p.250. See also William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 151 (The Express Printing Co., Inc., 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984).

Condit’s History makes it clear that this John Green (who died in 1854) was the cousin of another John Green (son of Benjamin Green), who had a property at what became 83 North Fourth Street and died in 1870. See the separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for that address for further details.

� See Article of Agreement, John Green and Peter Miller, A3 225 (23 Feb. 1803)(Northampton County Real Estate Archives).

� See separate www.WalkingEaston.com entries for these addresses, and the sources cited therein.

� Henry F. Marx (compiler), II Marriages and Deaths Northampton County 1852 – 1870 Newspaper Extracts 318 (Easton Area Public Library 1934).

� See Deed, John (Rhode) Green to Easton Bank, A4 421 (26 Jan. 1815)(recitals).

� James A. Wright, Colonial Taverns of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 5-6 (1993); Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, 11-12 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)( Paper Read before the Northampton County Historical Society at the St. Crispin Anniversary Dinner at the Lafayette Hotel on 25 Oct. 1930); Leonard S. Buscemi Sr., The Easton-Phillipsburg 1999 Calendar 16 (Buscemi Enterprises 1999).

� James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 23 (1991); Narrative in Family Bible by Captain John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 13-14 (Christopher Sower Company 1922), and John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 44, 70, 147 (Zweibrücken).

Others from the area also emigrated to Pennsylvania. John Arndt’s Grandfather, Bernard Arndt, had a sister who became the grandmother of Frederick Conrad, a U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania in 1803-07. See and compare John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 39-40 with Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000704 (accessed 22 Jan. 2009).

� Narrative in Family Bible by Captain John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 13-14 (Christopher Sower Company 1922), and John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at

� Narrative in Family Bible by Captain John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 15 (Christopher Sower Company 1922), and John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at .90. Jacob Arndt purchased the Bucks County farm in 1852, but lived on it before that time. He was married in late 1846 or in 1847.

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 97-103 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

Based upon the Major’s letters, he had “somewhere . . . picked up a very good knowledge of English”, although his spelling was generally very poor. In an attempt to bridge the different language pronunciations of his time, he wrote his last name as “Arndt” to German-speaking readers, and “Orndt” to English-speaking ones. John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 89-90 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 104 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� Narrative in Family Bible by Captain John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 15 (Christopher Sower Company 1922), and John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 106-07 (purchased from John Jones on 25 Jan.1760, Bucks Co. farm sold on 9 Feb. 1760).

� Dr. Richmond E. Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution 56 (Bicentennial Publication of Northampton County Historical Society 1975); James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 23 (1991)(mill at Bushkill Park location).



� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 110-11 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 88, 115 (Christopher Sower Company 1922). The State recognized a debt of £7,619 for his government services in these years. Id. at 118.

Major Jacob Arndt lived at the mill in Forks Township until his wife died in 1797. He then moved in with his daughter, and later his son John Arndt in Easton, where he died in 1805 at age 80. Narrative in Family Bible by Captain John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 16 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 57; Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 17-18 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922)(John Arndt born Bucks Co. in 1748; married 1774, but she died shortly after childbirth in Jan.1776; John continued as a miller until June 1776, when he became a Captain with the Flying Camp), and id. at 125.

During the Revolution, Jacob Arndt (Sr.) owned 150 or more acres of land in Forks Township, while Jacob Arndt (Jr.) lived with him, joined in 1776 by his brother, John. See Rev. A.S. Leiby [translator], Tax Lists in Northampton County Court House 1774 – 1806 53, 56 (Easton Public Library [undated])(1775: 150 acres; 1776: 25 acres of Woodland, 115 acres of Clear Land, 10 acres of Sowed Land).

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 572-75 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895). This transcribed record shows 102 men: 88 privates, 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, 4 officers (the Captain and three lieutenants), a drummer, and a fifer. This Pennsylvania Archives record appears to be the source of the statements in Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 58; James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 27 (1991); John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 126 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

However, an original of Captain John Arndt, Muster Roll in the Easton Area Public Library, Marx Room No. H091 M2946 No.18 Oversize (July 1776), shows only 101 men in the Company (including the “Fiffer”). The discrepancy is that this muster roll only lists 87 privates, instead of 88. Two of Captain John Arndt’s cousins were included in the Company: one as a sergeant, and the other as the 16-year-old John as the drummer boy. Of these, Sergeant Philip Arndt survived to return home in November, but “his brother, the drummer boy, was never seen after the battle of Fort Washington.” Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 58.

Another muster roll dated 9 July 1776 recorded in the Pennsylvania Archives, supra at 571 shows only 96 men: 92 enlised, plus the Captain, 2 Lieutenants, and an Ensign.

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 576 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895); accord, James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 27 (1991)(“only 33 survived”). Actually, the Pennsylvania Archives record does not show that only 33 survived – it only records that after the Battle of Fort Washington, 33 men (including the wounded Captain and the Second Lieutenant) were mustered at Elizabethtown, NJ and discharged.

� Historian of Easton [Rev. Uzal W. Condit], “Easton’s First Chief Burgess – Personal History of Peter Kichline – A Leader and Patriot in Revolutionary Times – An Interesting Narrative of Events in the Frontier Town of Easton Over One Hundred Years Ago”, Easton Daily Free Press, Thurs., 25 Sept. 1890, p.3, cols.2-5 (at col.4)(based on a Northampton Committee of Safety resolution of 17 July 1776).

� See, e.g., RSA, Inc., Guns of the American Revolution: Setting the Record Straight, notorc.blogspot.com/2006/11/guns-of-american-revolution-setting.html (24 Nov. 2006); see also “Weapons of the Revolution”, www.angelfire.com/ny5/firstwar77/wep.html (accessed 3 June 2012).

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 576 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895)(21 men were killed, wounded or missing after the battle, including Sergeants Andrew “Hersher” (Herster) and Andrew Kiefer and 19 privates; but does not mention of the Captain’s wound); see James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 25-26 (1991); Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 57-58; see Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 18 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922), and id. at 128.


� David G. McCullough, 1776 172 (New York: Simon & Schuster 2006); see Wikipedia, “Battle of Long Island”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island#cite_note-m172-57 (accessed 3 June 2012).

� E.g., Wikipedia, “Battle of Long Island”, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island#cite_note-m172-57 (accessed 3 June 2012); see also Dr. Richmond E. Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution 29-31 (Bicentennial Publication of Northampton County Historical Society 1975);

� Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 18 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922); accord, James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 25-26 (1991).

One authority states that the Captain was captured, but this appears to be an error. James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 26 (1991).

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 128 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922); James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 26 (1991); Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 58.

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 576 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895)(37 men were killed, wounded or missing after this battle, including the First and Third Lieutenants, the drummer – John Arndt, cousin of the Captain, the fifer, and 33 privates); see Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 58; James Wright, History of Forks Township Northampton County, Pennsylvania 27 (1991); John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 129 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 576 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895); John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 129 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922)(survivors included the Captain’s counsin, Philip Arndt, a brother of the lost drummer).

� Thomas J. Kichline, The Kichlines in America 16-18, 22 (1926)(available online on Heritage Quest). He became Burgess on 23 September 1789, and died on 27 November of that year. Id. at 22. For more history of Col. Peter Kichline, see generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 62 Centre Square.

� Alfred Lewis Shoemaker, A Check List of Imprints of the German Press of Northampton County Pennsylvania, 1766 – 1905, with Biographies of the Printers 148 (Vol. IV in the publications of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1943); see Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 456 (George W. West 1885 / 1889); John W. Jordan, “John Bechtel: His Contributions to Literature, and his Descendents”, in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XIX, No.2, pp.137-51, at 149 (1895); Ethan Allen Weaver, “The Forks of the Delaware” Illustrated xix – xx (Eschenbach Press 1900); Heller, History of Northampton County, supra at 290. For more history on Jacob Weygandt Sr., see generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 22 North Fourth Street.

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 633-35 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895). See also Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 58.

� William H. Egle (ed.), II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution 1775 – 1783, in Pennsylvania Archives Second Series vol. xiv, at 634-35 (Clarence M. Busch, State Printer 1895)(only “Reeger’s” stories were adduced at trial on 27 December, and only Reeger was ordered to acknowledge misconduct after trial).

� Egle, II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution, supra at 633 (Arndt’s original complaint to the Committee on 19 December 1776 had named Henry Allshouse first, saying that all three men “had severally spoken very disrespectfully of him the said Captain, and had so threatened him, that his life was in danger”); see also John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 129 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922). If Allshouse had believed the Captain to have been culpable in losing his relative, it is easy to understand where the threats may have originated.

� E.g., M.S. Henry, History of the Lehigh Valley 60 (Bixler & Corwin 1860); A.D. Chidsey, A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton 234, 140-41 (Vol. III of Publications of The Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940); see generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 301 Northampton Street.

� Egle, II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution, supra at 575 (fifer Henry Allshouse lost at Fort Washington).

� Egle, II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution, supra at 634-35; John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 130 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� Egle, II Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution, supra at 634-35.

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 130 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 18-19 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 67 n.8 (The Express Printing Co., Inc. and Harmony Press, 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984).

� William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 67 (The Express Printing Co., Inc. and Harmony Press, 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984); see also separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 26 South Third Street.

� A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton 242 (Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940)(map reference 10). (went to Northampton, now called Allentown); William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 9-10, 67 & n.8 (The Express Printing Co., Inc. and Harmony Press, 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984)(letter of 8 Oct. 1777 written from Lancaster).

� A.D. Chidsey, Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton 242 (Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society 1940)(map reference 10).

� Article, “Northampton County House of Public Records”, in Rev. Edward Reimer (compiler), II A Collection of Northampton County, PA Items 410-11 (undated copy in Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library).

� See Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 19 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922), and id. at 137; John W. Jordan, Edgar Moore Green & George T. Ettinger, II Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of the Lehigh Valley Pennsylvania 48-50 (The Lewis Publishing Co. 1905, reprint by Higginson Book Co.); see separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for the Easton Parking Garage at 25-27 South Third Street; William J. Heller, Historic Easton From the Window of a Trolley-Car 67 (The Express Printing Co., Inc. and Harmony Press, 1912, reprinted by Genealogical Researchers, 1984).

� Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 18-19 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922); John Stover Arndt, id. at 107 (John Arndt succeeded his father as Justice of the Peace); see Article, “Northampton County House of Public Records”, in Rev. Edward Reimer (compiler), II A Collection of Northampton County, PA Items 410-11 (undated copy in Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library).


� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 120, 136-37 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922)(1/3 to his father, 1/6 to his mother if she should survive Jacob Sr.). His father, the Major, did not move out of the mill until 1797. Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 16 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).


� Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 59. He had been a member of the body that proposed the amendments in 1783, and continued with Convention meeting and business until 1790. John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 132 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 19 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922), and id. at 137.

� John W. Jordan, Edgar Moore Green & George T. Ettinger, II Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of the Lehigh Valley Pennsylvania 48-50 (The Lewis Publishing Co. 1905, reprint by Higginson Book Co.); see separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for the Easton Parking Garage at 25-27 South Third Street.

� Narrative of John Arndt in Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 20 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922), and id. at 137; see also Myers, Northampton County in the American Revolution, supra at 59; John W. Jordan, Edgar Moore Green & George T. Ettinger, II Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of the Lehigh Valley Pennsylvania 48-50 (The Lewis Publishing Co. 1905, reprint by Higginson Book Co.). See also Ethan Allen Weaver, Northampton County in the Revolution Newspaper Notes and Sketches 76 (copied from the original scrapbook at the Easton Public Library)(on 6 Feb. 1800 John Arndt removed from government offices by the new Governor after nearly 23 years as Registrar, Recorder and Clerk of Orphans’ Court, from Easton Centinel).

� Narrative of John Arndt, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 18.

� Notation of George Washington Arndt in the Arndt Family Bible, transcribed in John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 20-21 (Christopher Sower Company 1922), and id. at 141.

John Arndt’s “Narrative” in the Family Bible was written in 1807, the year after two of his oldest sons died. Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 139.

George Washington Arndt himself was one of Captain John Arndt’s sons, who settled his father’s estate. His notation expressed a great contempt of his father’s shopkeeping business: “a business in my opinion, ranking no higher than the meanest profession.” With his portion of his father’s estate, George W. Arndt started a business to mill woolen cloth – presumably at the family mill in Forks Township – but this business was a financial failure by 1817, and George moved West to the Ohio frontier. He ultimately died in New Orleans. John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 21 (Christopher Sower Company 1922).

� See Deed, John (Rhode) Green to Easton Bank, A4 421 (26 Jan. 1815), which recites that Green “has erected a large three story brick Mesuage” on the property. Since it was not until 1800 that the Nungesser Family sold the interests in the property that came to John Green, see Deed, Christina Nungesser, et al., to John Shnyder, F2 224 (8 Feb. 1800), it would appear that the hotel was not built until John Arndt was removed from public office in 1799.


His will split up his land holdings among his children. Contrary to the implication of his son George Washington Arndt’s notation in the Family Bible, the Captain’s sons did not succeed in settling his estate. That task was finally taken over by Philip H. Mattes in 1822, who started selling off some of the property; certain parcels were not put in trust for their beneficiaries until the 1830s. Arndt, The Story of the Arndts, supra at 144-45.

� John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 139 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922). It is still located in Forks Township, off Arndt Road (near Bushkill Drive).

� Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 164 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). This story was later picked up by the Easton Bank. Booklet, Easton National Bank and Trust Company (1963)(avail. Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library); see Article, “Bank Merger Plan Puts Spotlight on 214 Years of History in Easton”, Easton Express, Tuesday, 10 March 1959, p.22.

� Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, 11 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)( Paper Read before the Northampton County Historical Society at the St. Crispin Anniversary Dinner at the Lafayette Hotel on 25 Oct. 1930).

� Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, 11 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)( Paper Read before the Northampton County Historical Society at the St. Crispin Anniversary Dinner at the Lafayette Hotel on 25 Oct. 1930); see Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 164 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(“Later a hotel stood where the Easton National Bank now stands. . . . Mr. William White also kept this hotel, and maintained it as such until about the year 1814, when the building having been disposed of for use of a banking house, Mr. White moved into the dwelling on the north side of the Square, now in the occupancy of the family of the late Matthew Hale Jones, Esq.”).

� Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, 12 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931)( Paper Read before the Northampton County Historical Society at the St. Crispin Anniversary Dinner at the Lafayette Hotel on 25 Oct. 1930); James A. Wright, Colonial Taverns of Northampton County, Pennsylvania 6 (1993); cf. Buscemi, The Easton-Phillipsburg 1999 Calendar, supra at 16. See generally separate entries for Two Rivers Landing, 30 Centre Square, and William Laubach & Sons Department Store Building, 322-36 Northampton Street.

� See Rayner Wickersham Kelsey, At the Forks of the Delaware 1794 – 1811 picture facing p.2 (The Pennsylvania History Press 1920)(Northampton Street scene showing a building, presumably Arndt’s Hotel, at the alley).

� See generally separate entry for Laubach & Sons Department Store Building, 322 Northampton Street.

� See generally separate entry for Two Rivers Landing, 30 Centre Square.


� Booklet, Easton National Bank and Trust Company (1963)(avail. Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library).

� Deed, John (Rhode) Green to Easton Bank, A4 421 (26 Jan. 1815). The deed specifically recites that the land acquired was the western part of Lot Nos.132 and 133, and that to the East lay lands owned by Peter Miller.

� Booklet, Easton National Bank and Trust Company (1963)(avail. Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library). Pictures of the original building appears at Leonard S. Buscemi, Sr., The 2001 Easton-Phillipsburg Calendar 19 (Buscemi Enterprises 2000) and Art Book of Northampton County 37 (The W.H. Parish Publishing Co. 1895).

� Compare Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 164 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(White moved to Centre Square building “now” occupied by “the family of the late Matthew Hale Jones, Esq.”) with John Stover Arndt, The Story of the Arndts 141 (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company 1922)(Jacob Arndt, Jr. died in 1812 in his home at the NE corner of Centre Square) and William J. Heller, Historic Easton from the Window of a Trolley-Car 143 (Express Printing Co. and Harmony Press, 1911, reprinted 1984); see separate entries for the Huntington Hotel (5 North Third Street) and the Seip Building (60 Centre Square).

� Booklet, Easton National Bank and Trust Company unnumbered p.6 (1963)(avail. Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library); see Brochure, 110th Anniversary Easton National Bank and Trust Company, Oldest Bank of Northeastern Pennsylvania cover (avail. “Banks and Banking” file, Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library); Article, “Bank Merger Plan Puts Spotlight on 214 Years of History in Easton”, Easton Express, Tuesday, 10 March 1959, p.22.

� Souvenir Program 1790 – 1890 Easton Centennial unnumbered p.17 (Easton Printing Company reprint 1965).

� Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 376-77 (George W. West 1885 / 1889).

� Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, “Samuel Sitgreaves”, searchable from bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp (accessed 3 Jan. 2005); David B. Stillman, Easton in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, Paper presented to the Northampton County Historical Society 17 Jan. 1946, Historical Bulletin of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, No. 3 (Sept. 1947) (avail. Marx Room, Easton Public Library), at 3, 6-7; Condit, History of Easton, supra at 148-49; Weaver, Forks of the Delaware, supra at xxi, xxvi; ”: Papers Read Before the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, The Old County Courthouse and other Northampton County History (1964), at 18.

� See Easton Area Public Library Website, www.eastonpl.org/, “Our History” (accessed 3 Jan. 2005); Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005).

� Scott Hill, A Self Guided Tour . . . Historic Forks of the Delaware 6 (Eagle Scout Project, April 29, 1992)(copies sold by Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society); A Brief History & Architectural Tour of EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, “Library Hall”.

� Warner, Easton Walking Tour, supra; Condit, History of Easton, supra at 152.

� M.S. Henry, History of the Lehigh Valley 125 (Bixler & Corwin 1860).

� E.g., A.D. Chidsey, Jr., The Old County Courthouse and other Northampton County History 18 (Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, 1964).

� M.S. Henry, History of the Lehigh Valley 125 (Bixler & Corwin 1860).

� Article, “Bank Merger Plan Puts Spotlight on 214 Years of History in Easton”, supra.

� Jeremiah H. Lant, The Northampton County Directory for 1873 135 (1873)(business directory).

� Deed, Dr. Samuel S. Apple, Executor of the Will of Elizabeth Flemming, to Easton National Bank, G38 26 (28 Oct. 1909). Elizabeth Flemming had purchased this portion of the property in 1906 from the heirs of Christian Flemming, whose will had left the property to his daughter Emma Flemming Apple for life, and then to her heirs. Deed, C. Flemming Sandt, et al., the next of kin of Emma F. Apple, to Elizabeth Flemming, D35 247 (17 Jan. 1906)(sale price $52,617.34).

� See entry inscribed over the bank building; Wynkoop’s The Golden Years, supra at 154. See also Northampton County Tax Records, www.ncpub.org (built in 1928).

In 1881, shortly after the renumbering of Northampton Street, the Easton National Bank was listed at 314 Northampton Street. J.H. Lant & Son, Easton etc. Directory 1881-2 (1881)(alphabetical listing).

� City of Easton, Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form, Attachment: Building Description Survey Area 1 Zone H (City Council Resolution approved 12 May 1982).

� A Self Guided Tour at 3.

� Table at the back of Historic Easton, Inc. Annual House Tour: William Marsh Michler A Retrospective (17 May 1986).

� Booklet, Easton National Bank and Trust Company, supra; see invitation card to a “Preview Showing and Reception at the new Main Office of the Easton National Bank & Trust Co.” for Wed., 17 April 1963. This card is located in the “Banking” file at the Marx Room, Easton Area Public Library. See also Notes and Interview with Leonard Buscemi, Sr. (8 Dec. 2006)(remembers scaffolding and walkway as the interior was gutted and updated, and exterior was reworked).

� Deed, Easton National Bank and Trust Company to Mary Reiniger and Louis Freedberg, co-partners trading and doing business as Reiniger’s Jewelry Store, of Easton, Pennsylvania, 352 482 (15 Aug. 1969)(sale price $75,000).

� See 1910 Census, Series T624, Roll 1381, p.2 (Joseph Reininger, jewelry retail merchant, 164 Northampton Street, age 24, born Austro-Hungarian, immigrated 1901; wife Adele, age 23, Austro-Bohemian, immigrated 1898); 1920 Census, Series T625, Roll 1609, p.81B (Joseph Reininger, jeweler, 166 Northampton Street, age 34, mother tongue Magyar, no wife); Charles M. Barnard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton 389 (The West Job Printing House 1912)(Joseph Reininger, watchmaker and jeweler, 166 Northampton Street with residence at No.164, wife Adele C. Reininger); Charles M. Barnard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton Pennsylvania 393 (Union Publishing Company 1914)(same); West’s Directory for City of Easton 431 (Union Publishing Company 1918)(diamonds and jewelry, no wife).

� Compare Charles M. Barnard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton 431 (Union Publishing Company 1918)(store at 166 Northampton St.) with Charles M. Barnard (compiler), West’s Directory for City of Easton 450 (Union Publishing Company 1920)(store at 214 Northampton Street, residence remained at 164 Northampton St.).

� See H.P. Delano, West’s Directory for City of Easton 514 (Union Publishing Co. 1925)(Mrs. Mary Reininger, residence 634 Northampton Street and 50 South Second St.; Joseph Reininger not listed).

� See West’s Easton Pa and Phillipsburg NJ Directory 1930 466 (R.L. Polk & Co. 1930)(Reininger’s Jewelry Store at 142 Northampton Street); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1937-39 446 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1937)(Reininger Jewelry Store at 226 Northampton Street, proprietors Mary [Reininger] and Louis Freedburg); Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1942-43 307 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1942)(at 226 Northampton Street)(same); Polk’s Easton City Directory 1967 428 and “Street and Avenue Guide” p.193 (RL. Polk Co. 1967)(at 403 Northampton Street).

� Polk’s Easton and Phillipsburg City Directory 1942-43 307 (R.L. Polk & Co., Inc. 1942).

� See Deed, Louis (Gertrude) Freedberg to Milton Brosky, 476 257 (1 Sept. 1973)(sale price $73,000, reciting that Louis Freedberg acted “as retiring partner of the co-partnership composed of Mary Rein[in]ger and Louis Freedberg, trading and doing business as Reininger’s Jewelry Store, Easton, Pa.”).

� Deed, Milton (Jacueline) Brodsky to Ronald Bodsky, 717 223 (1 July 1986).

� Polk’s 1989 Easton City Directory 486 (R.L. Polk Co. 1989)(alphabetical store listing, and Mrs. Mary Reininger residential address listed her as being retired).

� Compare Polk’s 1989 Easton City Directory 486 (R.L. Polk Co. 1989)(alphabetical store listing; Mrs. Mary Reininger listed as retired, at a different residential address); with Polk’s 1990 Easton City Directory 468 and “Street Directory” p.233 ( R.L. Polk Co. 1990)(Reininger’s Jewelry Store not listed, 316 Northampton Street shown as “Vacant”; Mrs. Mary Reininger listed as retired, at a residential address).

� Deed Poll, Alfred C. Diomedo, Sheriff, to Lafayette Bank, 871 146 (8 June 1992)(Courthouse computer index notes sale was by Sheriff for Ronald Brodsky; sale price $100,000). The property was sold the same year for a $5,000 profit. Deed, Lafayette Bank to Patricia Huth, 880 525 (17 Nov. 1992)(sale price $105,000).

� Bank Street Annex website, www.bankstannex.com/facility.html (accessed 19 March 2005).

� Deed, Patricia Zwald-Kuypers (formerly Patricia Huth) to Schy-Rhys Redevelopment, Inc., 1998-1-155485 (6 Nov. 1998)(sale price $300,000).

� See Bank Street Annex Website, bankstannex.com (accessed 23 May 2007).

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