ebook - spiritual qualities of the professional in humanistic social work practice, petru stefaroi,...

7/31/2019 eBook - Spiritual Qualities of the Professional in Humanistic Social Work Practice, Petru Stefaroi, Bilingual Edition (

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SUMMARY / SUMAR

Foreword............................................................................ 5

The english-language version

Soulful Qualities of the Professional in HumanisticSocial Work Practice.......................................................11

Versiunea n limba romn

Calit!ile Suflete"ti ale Profesionistului #nPractica Asisten!ei Sociale Umaniste............................66


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Electronic collection:

FOREWORD

--------------------------------

Humanistic Social Work, new concept, theory and practice incontemporary social work proposes a new vision and

approach to the professional and his personal qualities. It is a

prioritize of the human/ humane and spiritual qualities,

certainly not disregard other types of qualities. Features suchas humane sensitivity, emotional well-eing and personal

happiness, empathy, agreeaility, spiritual sensitivity, vocation

for working with the suffering person, alanced personality,

vision and proiectivity, tolerance, anti-discrimination,

idealism, altruism are increasingly required y employers

from social work areas, and are increasingly considered in theactivity of training the staff. !he ookSoulful Qualities of theProfessional in Humanistic Social Work Practice, revisedand ilingual edition "english # short version / romanian #

wholly$ first edition in romanian, %&''( rings to the readers,

professionals in the field, students and teachers this topic

using the theoretical, a)iological and methodological

framework of the humanistic social work, proposing an

approach to the theme of professional personality in social

work from an innovative philosophical, scientific and

professional position.

Petru Stefaroi - Soulful qualities of the professional

in humanistic social work practice Page 5


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The english-language version

Soulful Qualities of the Professionalin Humanistic Social Work Practice

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C%&'(&'

Section )* +ntroduction

Section ,* Humanistic social work - source. o0ect. theories andmethods,*)* Sources and foundations

2.1.1. General theory of soial !elfare" !or#2.1.2. The riti$ue of tra%itional soial !or#2.1.&. 'umanisti (syhology an% (syhothera(y2.1.). 'umanisti soiology an% mirosoiology

,*,* 'he o0ect of humanistic social work2.2.1. 'uman (roblems2.2.2. The ustomer in humanisti soial !or#

,*1* 'heories of humanistic social work2.&.1. *m(athy theory2.&.2. +ttahment theory2.&.&. 'a((iness theory

,*2* Methods and 3ractices of humanistic social work2.).1. *,istential-humanisti metho%s2.).2. etho%s a%o(te%" a%a(te% from the humanisti

(syhothera(y2.).&. +((reiative metho%s2.).). alane metho%

Section 1* 'he soul and human 3ersonalit41*)* Personalit4 - conce3t. currents. 3aradi5ms




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&.1.1. a/or (ara%igms an% theories. The s(eifiity an% the%iretions of humanisti (ara%igm

&.1.2. The s(eifi of the humanist-ontologial theory1*,* 'he soul 6 3erson7s ein5 and ontolo5ical core of 3ersonalit41*1* Affecti8e soul

&.&.1. The other0 environment0 home - fun%amental soures of theformation of soul

&.&.2. The establishment of soul as an autonomous ontologial-(syhologial formation an% (ersonality struture

&.&.&. The affetive soul as a transmergent amount of (ersons1*2* S3iritual soul

&.).1. ro/etive ontos the foun%ation an% (syhologial-ontologial frame!or# for training an% funtioning to thes(iritual soul

&.).2. ystial soul&.).&. Gnosti soul0 (layful soul0 aestheti soul

1*9* 'he soul and the em3athetic ca3acit4 :human sensiti8it4;of the 3erson

Section 2* 'he human and s3iritual


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).&.5. The em(atheti $ualities of the (rofessional in soial !or#(ratie

2*2* Ha33iness and soulful wellein5).).1. The (henomenon an% one(t of ha((iness).).2. 'a((iness an% (ersonality).).&. The ha((iness state0 s(iritual !ell-being an% the effiieny

of (rofessional2*9* S3iritual sensiilit42*=*Pro0ecti8it4. 8isionar4. idealism

).6.1. The onto-(ro/etive a(aity of (ersonality).6.2. The onto-(ro/etive referents).6.&. The thera(euti funtion of the onto-(ro/etive an%

visionary (ersonality2*>* Altruism. a5reailit4. tolerance. o3timism

Section 9* Conclusions




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Section )+&'R%?UC'+%&

eause bet!een the (ersonality of (rofessional an% the (ersonality ofthe lient establishes a high %egree of ongruene0 em(atheti0human0 s(iritual the ultivation of s(iritual an% human values of the(rofessional (ersonality0 as !ell as the ahievement of a onsistents(eifi literature is an im(ortant theoretial onern0 the to(ia((roahe% !ith (re%iletion0 in the humanisti soial !or#frame!or#.

The humanisti soial !or#0 as one(t0 theory or (ratie0 is0es(eially in the 7est0 in a obviously offensive0 es(eially aftera((earane of the boo# 8'umanisti 9oial 7or#. :ore rini(les inratie8 by alolm ayne 2;110 !hih lin#ing the one(t ofhumanisti soial !or# by fun%amental human rights0 (ersonal an%s(iritual %evelo(ment0 reativity0 res(onsibility an% soial /ustie0i%entifying as the main theoretial an% metho%ologial soures"mo%els the humanist an% (henomenologial thin#ing0 (hiloso(hy ofe,istene" being human0 e,istential-humanisti (syhology"(syhothera(y0 trans(ersonal (syhology0 soial onstrutivism an%mirosoiology. + #ey term of humanisti soial !or# one(t is thehuman eing.

>?0 2;;> i%entifies anumber of themes an% values of humanisti thought in the theory an%ontem(orary soial !elfare system0 George @eamtu 2;11 an%aria Aoth-93amos#B3i 2;;& onsi%ers the system of universal




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human values an% res(onsibilities the essential %imensions of the(rofession of soial !or#er0 !hile0 after Coru u3%uea 2;;>0 the

soial !elfare system is base% on a set of (rini(les an% humanistivalues0 in (artiular those relating to the fun%amental human rights.

7e0 in the artile 8'umanisti (ers(etive on ustomer in soial!or#8 9oial 7or# Aevie!0 no. 1-20 2;;>0 olirom ublishing'ouse0 have summari3e% the one(t of humanisti soial !or#(utting in the foregroun% the humanisti re(resentation" a((roah ofthe ustomers an% the (rofessionals. 7e em(hasi3e% that the ore

as(et of (ratie an% theory of humanisti soial !or# is re(resente%of the !ay humanisti ho! is %efining the lient an% (rofessional0onsi%ering the human $uality" resoures of ustomer an% (rofessionalthe ritial e(istemologial an% metho%ologial value of the ne! ty(eof soial !or#. 7e %evelo(e% the one(t an% theory in the artile8'umanisti (ara%igm of soial !or# or brief intro%ution inhumanisti soial !or#80 a((eare% in the 1 no. 2;120 the same revie!.

The establishment of humanisti soial !or# theory an% (ratieis /ustifie% by the offensive of humanisti values an% ategories in theareas from !hih the soial !or# ta#es theory an% value - (hiloso(hy0(syhology0 (e%agogy an% soiology - but also some8%ehumani3ation8 evolutions of the soiety0 li#e the globali3ation0yberneti3ation0 risis of ulture0 soial in/ustie0 o((ression0 theemergene of soial (roblems !hih annot be un%erstoo% or

a%%resse% by other metho%s.+lso0 the neessity of the humanisti theory an% metho%0 is

reveals by the om(le,ity of soial systems an% ontem(orary soiety0the !elfare system itself0 as a subsystem. 9ome (roblems an besolve% !ith the systemi-global a((roah0 universal0 or strutural-funtional0 an% others !ith an e,istentialist a((roah0 onte,tualist orhumanist. *ven the system of soial !elfare through the national




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!elfare (oliy is oneive% as an organi3ation !ith t!o (oles0 nationalsystem national organi3ation0 regional0 et.0 legislation0 institutions0

(rograms0 (oliies an% the lient vulnerability0 %iffiult situation0(ersonality0 soial an% human onte,t0 loal resoure0 et..

9o0 even if the soial !elfare as (ratie an% soial (oliy is%elare%0 (rini(le% an% (ragmati0 humanist after theinstitutionali3ation an% the 8nationali3ation8 ten%e% to be a mega-system bureaurati0 im(ersonal0 %e(ersonali3e%0 onsi%ering thatthe global soio-(olitial an% soio-eonomi regulation an to solve0

automatially0 (artiular (roblems. ut reality has sho!n that manyso-alle% soial" soietal or soio-eonomi issues are in fat human orsoio-human0 an% many auses an% their resoures for resolution are inthe ulture0 in the (artiular soio-human onte,t an% in the(ersonality of the vulnerable (eo(le0 in their a(aity to self-%eterminationD (roblem solving re$uire ations ty(e 8man man8 an%8fae to fae08 to strengthen fore +n%erson-:arter an% 7iggins0

2;;)0 (. 21 an% not only the soial benefits or soial servies -universal0 im(ersonal.

The humanisti (ara%igm0 !hih0 to a (oint0 is i%ential !ith thesoial !or#" !elfare0 highlights0 aor%ing to the most im(ortantgui%elines of humanisti thought0 res(etively ontologial-s(iritual0(ositivist-(syhologial0 an% ethial-(hiloso(hial (ositivism0 thefollo!ing fun%amental ty(es of values an% one(tsE

romotion the onrete an% om(le, human being0 thein%ivi%uality an% (ersonal ha((iness0 its fun%amental interests0feelings an% valuesD s(iritual !ell-being of the (erson 9tefaroi02;120 (.16&D

ersonal %evelo(ment an% self-%eterminationD 'uman %ignity0 soial /ustie0 e$uality0 soli%arity0 human

ommunity.




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The humanisti soial !or# is0 as theory0 someho!0 o((osite tothe theories suh as universal0 international or sistemi soial !or#D

humanisti theories are an i%eotheti an% humanist-onte,tualisttheory0 a theory of onrete ustomer in%ivi%ual or olletive0 insuffering an% e,istential %ea%lo#0 a theory of his (ersonality an% hisontologial-human miro-onte,t ayne0 2;11. The main (roblem-solving resoure is the human miro-ommunity an% ators4s(ersonality involve% in the (roess of intervention an% soialreintegrationD the ustomer an% (rofessional form an ontologial unity

in the (roess of rehabilitation an% soial integration.'umanisti values (rioriti3es the (oint of vie! an% interest of

those involve% in the soial (henomenon0 inreasing the role of thein%ivi%ual an% ustomer (ersonality n the (roess of soiala%/ustment.

Cerease the (ain of unha((y ustomer0 gro!th the s(iritual!ell-being0 (ersonal %evelo(ment an% gaining in%e(en%ene0 moral

%evelo(ment an% soial-human integration are among the mostim(ortant goals of soial !or# servies (ratie in the humanistia((roah. romote soial /ustie0 (ersonal %evelo(ment of ustomersan% (rofessional0 om(le,ity of the human being0 metho%ologialfle,ibility0 a(itali3ation the reativity of the lients an% (rofessional0%evelo(ment of the 9elf an% a(itali3ation the s(iritual (otential ofhuman (ersonality0 (romoting seurity an% %evelo(ment of in%ivi%ual

resiliene are0 aor%ing ayne 2;110 the ruial (rini(les an%values of humanisti soial !or# (ratie.


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on gro!th of (ersonality4s ontologial onsisteny an% %iminishing theris# of entry in the ris# situation.

Section ,HUMA&+S'+C S%C+A@ W%R 6S%URC(S. %B(C'. 'H(%R+(S A&? M('H%?S

C%&'(&' S(C'+%& ,

,*)* Sources and foundations2.1.1. General theory of soial !elfare" !or#2.1.2. The riti$ue of tra%itional soial !or#2.1.&. 'umanisti (syhology an% (syhothera(y2.1.). 'umanisti soiology an% mirosoiology

,*,* 'he o0ect of humanistic social work2.2.1. 'uman (roblems

2.2.2. The ustomer in humanisti soial !or#,*1* 'heories of humanistic social work

2.&.1. *m(athy theory2.&.2. +ttahment theory2.&.&. 'a((iness theory

,*2* Methods and 3ractices of humanistic social work2.).1. *,istential-humanisti metho%s




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2.).2. etho%s a%o(te%" a%a(te% from the humanisti(syhothera(y

2.).&. +((reiative metho%s2.).). alane metho%

,*)* Sources and foundations

2.1.1. General theor of social !elfare" !ork

?.:lientHs (ersonality0 situation of %iffiulty0 the ris# situation arerealities muh more om(le, than !e an sha(e !ith the lassial




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(ara%igms of general systems theory. ost ra%ial hange0 both fortheory an% for soial !or# (ratie0 seems to be given on how the

client and social issue are represented and discussed, which ecomeshuman prolem.

2.1.&. Humanistic 'scholo( an% 'schothera'

The humanisti orientation in (syhology brings to the forefront of#no!le%ge the human (henomenon one(ts an% i%eas suh as

(ersonality0 ho(e0 reativity0 e,istential im(asse0 ha((iness0 in%ivi%ualuni$ueness0 self-%etermination0 fous on (artiular as(ets of humane,istene - reativity0 tolerane0 love ayne0 2;110 8human%evelo(ment in aor%ane !ith its harateristis an% hoies0 res(etfor the (erson intrinsi values8 itrofan0 2;;10 ( &>;. *very healthyin%ivi%ual has the a(aity to fulfill in%ivi%ual (otential in terms ofhuman0 soial an% s(iritual0 all %e(en%s but of its internal ativism an%

of the !illingness for hange or aom(lishment0 self-fulfillmentlotni# an% Fouyoum%/ian0 2;;. These are the main resoures ofhumanisti (syhothera(ies.

2.1.). Humanistic sociolo( an% microsociolo(

+mong the onerns of humanisti soiology are the observation of

ho! (eo(le s(eifially live0 love0 suffering an% interat0 !hatattahment relationshi(s are establishe% bet!een them in relationshi(sof #inshi(0 frien%shi(0 enmity0 interest0 ollegiality0 (o!errelationshi(s0 the resiliene an% o(ing0 ho! they solve the (roblems0ho! a%a(t to the hanges or reation to rises or ma/or events0 ho!a%/usts0 interative0 their behaviors an% symboli3es0 mutualy0 the




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soial e,istene the la!s0 values0 ustoms0 rituals0 behaviors0institutions0 i%eologies =nanie#i0 1>6>.

The microsociology also0 branh of soiology that e,amines !ith(riority the la!s of miro-grou( an% (artiular soio-human onte,t0fous on sub/etive" human (roesses0 on inter(ersonal relationshi(san% (henomena - em(athetis0 of attahment0 of soli%arity Garfin#el02;;6 - ruial resoures an% ategories of humanisti soial !or#(ratie.

,*,* 'he o0ect of humanistic social work

2.2.1. #he Human 'ro*lems

The human suffering0 unha((iness0 (ersonal failure0 loss0%ehumani3ation of the in%ivi%ual0 emotional %rama an% great

olletive trage%ies0 %isasters !ith signifiant human im(at0 (ersonal"ommunity un%evelo(ement are among the entral (henomena an%ategories to0 !hat might be alle%0 the ob/et of humanisti soial!or#.

Human suffering is often assoiate% to a soial (roblems0 to a%iffiult situation an% often the normali3ation an not be ahieve%!ithout elimination of suffering.

Ib/et of the humanisti soial !or# is an% lack of personalfulfillment, e)istential issues, personal and collective tragedies. The(rofessionals0 in their %aily (rofessional ativity0 urrently interat!ith unmet0 (rofessional or (ersonal0 in%ivi%uals0 !ho have faile% orhave %eviate% from the o(timal !ay to ahieve the (rofessional an%soial goals0 !ho %aily lives hroni %issatisfation an% (ersonal%ramas.




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!he loss, separation, uprooting, loneliness, poverty, promiscuity,

discrimination, marginalization are issues !ith great (ersonal an%

soial im(at0 but are also ontologial or human (roblems. *ah ofthese an be onsi%ere% (art of !hat0 !e might all0 the (henomenonor (roess of dehumanization and human degradation of individualsand communities. The ommunities !here (re%ominate theun%evelo(e% human" (ersonal" moral in%ivi%uals0 selfish0in%ivi%ualisti0 onerne% only for the (ersonal benefit are a(rori(rone to (roblems.


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!he humanist-spiritual perspectiveon ustomer (romotes ta#inginto aount of its aestheti0 (layful0 e(istemologial an% mystial

nee%s. @amely0 the s(iritual nee%s. eeting an% %evelo(ment thes(iritual nee%s0 the %evelo(ment of s(iritual (ersonality is one of themost effetive metho%s" !ays for the (ersonal %evelo(ment ofustomer0 an% enhane the (ers(etive to (ersonal" soialautonomisation0 regar%less of e%uation level0 origin0 age or ty(es ofsoial" human (roblems. 9tefaroi0 2;;>a0 (.2&-25.

,*1* 'heories of humanistic social work

2.&.1. Em'ath theor

The em(athy is both a ognitive an% affetive relationshi( of inter-#no!le%ge an% soial ommunion an% a formative instrument use% bythe (rofessional in ahievement of the s(eifi (ur(oses0 mainly inhuman rehabilitation an% soial autonomy of the lient.

The (rofessional-lient (roative em(atheti relationshi( is infat a frame!or# for the transfer0 a subtle uluoar that the (rofessionaluses0 voluntarily an% (rofessionally0 for human an% soial

rehabilitation of the lient0 to solve the soial (roblem 9tefaroi0 2;12.. 16?.

:ruial is the goal of human rehabilitation an% soial integrationof the lient through its humani3ation0 through s(iritual %evelo(ment0through buil%ing the em(atheti a(aity.

*m(athy is a means an% an (ur(oseD the (rofessional using a orreates the o(timal soio-human environment for human rehabilitation




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an% lient ha((iness in or%er to (revent soial (roblem ourre%Aogers0 2;;?. This uses (roative0 formative0 e%uational an%

in%utive valenes of em(athy for the ontologial-(syhologialreonstrution of (ersonality an% lient ommunity0 as ste( in the(ersonal an% ommunitary %evelo(ment an% soial rehabilitation.

2.&.2. +ttachment theor

Theori3es the im(ortane of affetion in relationshi(s an% soialoe,istene0 es(eially regar%ing the role of hil%-(arent attahmentrelationshi( in the formation of onsistent0 effiient an% a%a(tive(ersonality of the hil% o!lby0 1>>.


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The essential in%iator of human life $uality is the internal

satisfation0 sub/etive felt0 the ha((iness an% om(laeny of

the (ersonD The authenti ha((iness is a soure of (ersonal %evelo(ment0

soial" (rofessional effiieny an% fator for the a$uisition ofthe autonomous soial reintegration a(aityD

an is not only a onsumer of servies0 material an% soial

goo%s0 but is also a ultural0 s(iritual0 aestheti0 (layful being this has therefore emotional0 ultural0 s(iritual0 aestheti0 (layfulnee%s - en%emi entere% in the ontologial onstitution of (erson0nee%s that must be unon%itionally satisfie%.

,*2* Methods and 3ractices of humanistic social work

2.).1. E,istential-humanistic metho%s

'ave as the soure !hat im(ose% in (syhothera(y li#e e)istentialanalysis. +s theory an% metho% is lin#e% to a number of names suh asAollo ay0 Ku%!ig is!anger0 a, 9heler an% Vi#tor Lran#l.I(erates !ith terms" ategories suh as e)istential impasse, e)istentialcrisis, e)istential meaning, e)istential an)iety, a)iological system,

e)istential dialogue, e)istential scenarioet.

*)istential analysis/ inquiry %oes not a%%ress the lient as a(athologial ase0 in this a((roah not e,ist mental illness but only%iffiulties an% e,istential im(asses0 !hih means loss of e)istentialmeaning itrofan an% u3%uea0 2;;5.

Trough +e)istential+ intervention soial !or#er an !or# onbuil%ing a ne! modus vivendi0 a new social realities0 !ith e)istentialtoolsan% base% on an e)istential social scenario.




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Their use in the humanisti soial !or#er ativity must be ma%ein lose relation !ith other as(ets of the situation of %iffiulty0 !ith

the lient system0 an% by orrelation !ith establishe% metho%s0(raties an% la!s from the soial !elfare system.

2.).2. etho%s a%o'te%" a%a'te% from the humanistic'schothera'

The humanisti (syhothera(y metho%s (romote the e$ual relationshi(

bet!een thera(ist an% lient an% inreasing the role of affetive(roesses in the thera(euti relationshi( itrofan0 2;;1. These bringin soial !or# the (rini(le of rehabilitation soial integrationthroughfocusing on the customer0 human and spiritual development0focus the intervention on the resource and not on prolem ayne02;;50 ((. 1?6-1?.

Throgh client-centered therapy Aogers has ruial merit to

!or#e% at the foun%ation of the mo%ern soial !or# theory an%metho% through thera(euti-humanist metho%s an% values (romote%.

*)istential psychotherapy is base% on a series of e,istentialtheses0 (ro(osing i%entifiation to e,istential an,ieties" risis an%internal ontologial rebalaning through (ersonal" human gro!th.

estalt psychotherapy (ro(oses ahievement the onvergenebet!een onsiousness" behavior an% e,(eriene0 8bet!een the figure

an% ba#groun%8 7heeler0 1>>10 650 !hilepositive psychotherapyisbase% on the belief that all (eo(le are fun%amentally goo% an% theyhave the onstitutional a(aity to be ha((y 9eligman an%:si#s3entmihalyi0 2;;;0 9eligman0 2;;2.

+lso0 roup methods and techniques are inreasingly use% insoial !or#.




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*s(eially in the linial soial !or# it is0 also0 use%transational analysis0 the (syhothera(y fouse% on emotions0

e,istential analysis0 %ramathera(y0 %ane thera(y an% movementthera(y0 art thera(y0 fousing0 (syho%rama et 9tefaroi0 2;120 (11-12.

2.).&. +''reciatie etho%s

romotes0 as ob/etive but an% the main strategy0 theachievement of

social/ humah issues through appreciation, knowledge and increasingof the optimistic, positive clients "individual or collective(

e)pectations. I(erates !ith the onventional instruments of soial!or#0 li#e soial in$uiry0 su(ervision0 intervention (ro/et an% asemanagement0 but are still resi3e% by ategories of (ositive metho% an%ta#es ruial (ara%igm of the ognition (syhology or (syhothera(y.+ fun%amental role in these tehni$ues it has thepotentiality of

language9an%u0 2;;>.ppreciativesocial inquiry res(ets some (rini(les li#e the

constructionist principle, of simultaneity, poetic principle, positive

principle orof anticipation:o/oaru0 2;;5.

2.).). /alance metho%

alane metho% is0 also0 a humanisti metho% of intervention.


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!he alance of socio-affectiveonto-systems.


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Section 1'H( S%U@ A&? HUMA& P(RS%&A@+'Y

C%&'(&' S(C'+%& 1

1*)* Personalit4 - conce3t. currents. 3aradi5ms&.1.1. a/or (ara%igms an% theories. The s(eifiity an% the

%iretions of humanisti (ara%igm&.1.2. The s(eifi of the humanist-ontologial theory

1*,* 'he soul 6 3erson7s ein5 and ontolo5ical core of 3ersonalit41*1* Affecti8e soul




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&.&.1. The other0 environment0 home - fun%amental soures of theformation of soul

&.&.2. The establishment of soul as an autonomous ontologial-(syhologial formation an% (ersonality struture

&.&.&. The affetive soul as a transmergent amount of (ersons1*2* S3iritual soul

&.).1. ro/etive ontos the foun%ation an% (syhologial-ontologial frame!or# for training an% funtioning to thes(iritual soul

&.).2. ystial soul&.).&. Gnosti soul0 (layful soul0 aestheti soul1*9* 'he soul and the em3athetic ca3acit4 :human sensiti8it4;

of the 3erson

1*)* Personalit4 - conce3t. currents. 3aradi5ms

&.1.1. a0or 'ara%i(ms an% theories. #he s'ecificit an% the%irections of humanistic 'ara%i(m

The humanisti re(resentation of (ersonality is im(ose%0 after our

observation0 by t!o main urrent. Ine is more e,(loite%0 it is the8(ositive-(syhologial8 urrent0 !hih fouses on (ersonal%evelo(ment through the use of the (syho-volitional an% a%a(tiveresoures of (ersonality0 the other is the 8ontologial-s(iritual8 urrent0that values the ontent of the self0 soul an% the inner" ontologial(ersonality0 the s(iritual0 aestheti0 (layful0 moral or religiousresoures.




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&.1.2. #he s'ecific of the humanist-ontolo(ical theor

The humanisti-ontologial (ers(etive on (ersonality given0 as isnatural0 to ontologial s(here0 the (rimary etiologial an% struturalrole.

+fter Aogers0 the #ey an% strutural one(t of humanisti-ontologial theory of (ersonality is the self. 'e says that the self is anim(ortant (art of human e,(eriene an% the goal of the (ersonality

training an% %evelo(ment of eah in%ivi%ual is to beome truly himselfby %evelo(ing their (otential0 their o!n self Aogers0 1>?;.

7e0 in the volume M'a((iness theory in soial !or#N 9tefaroi02;;>b0 Kumen 'ouse0 ourre% in 2;;>0 but also through a series ofsientifi artiles0 (artiularly in the M9oial 7or# Aevie!N0 !hihseems at olirom0 have (resente% elements of a humanisti-ontologialtheory of (ersonality0 in !hih the soul is the fun%amental ontologial

entity. 9ome as(ets of this theory !ill be (resente% here0 onsi%eringthe soul an% the s(iritual $ualities of (rofessional (ratie the #eyfators of effiieny an% fulfillment the true soial !or# mission.

1*,* 'he soul 6 3erson7s ein5 and ontolo5ical core of3ersonalit4

ara%o,ially maybe0 the (roess of soul onstrution has not0 as8(ivot80 the self0 ho! !e are tem(te% to say0 but the other. This0 is notneessarily a other-(erson but a other (ereive% as all out of theintrinsi unonsious or%er of the en%emi sub/et. The other !ill be0ho!ever0 an% the self an% i%eal ego0 %esirable ego0 the bo%y0 the soialego0 the soial re(resentations of ourselves.




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(ersonal $ualities suh as #in%ness an% humanity0 human soli%arity0morality0 faith0 aestheti sensitivity0 an% human sensitivity. Aeflets the

ultural0 moral0 s(iritual0 reative an% anestral $uality of thein%ivi%ual.

If ourse0 the three s(heres or levels of soul form0 after theestablishment0 a bio-(syho-ontologial unit0 an% !e not !rong ifonsi%er the soul as one fun%amental e,istential entity of (erson0 herontologial-s(iritual nature0 even if the soul formation (roess is%e(en%ent to the organi-(syhi e,istene an% (roess.

1*1* Affecti8e soul

&.&.1. #he other enironment home - fun%amental sources of theformation of soul

rimary sha(ing of the formativ frame!or# !ih (refigures theformation of affetive soul is antii(ates by establishment of theaffetive miro-formations0 entre%0 mainly0 on signifiant (eo(le0others. Ine establishe%0 they o(erate as relatively autonomousformations0 but they are on%itione% by %eterminate relationshi(s.ersist as long as these (eo(le or ob/ets !ill be im(ose% by the(resene or im(ortane to the sub/et.

9ome of them0 es(eially (eo(le0 beomes a ruial e,istentialmeaning0 as the mother0 or0 !here a((ro(riate0 other (erson fromhil%4s genuin miro-environment. These in%ivi%uals at as 8(ivot8 inthe (roess of buil%ing the soul.


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Ine establishe%0 the soul !or#s li#e all other formations0 but!ill nee% affetive e,(erienes0 mainly soio-affetive0 as the soure

of e,istene an% %evelo(ment.

&.&.2. #he esta*lishment of soul as an autonomous ontolo(ical-'scholo(ical formation an% 'ersonalit structure


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more or less0 as a unifie% entity. The unifiation is ma%e by means ofintelligene0 onsiousness0 ego an% (ersonality0 but ho! these no

(ass0 usually0 the state of onstitution remains to onlu%e that the #eynote of internal (ersons4s in%ivi%ual e,istene is the emotionalinteration bet!een the sub/et an% the other0 %es(ite the establishe%labels suh as 8an is a rational being.8

Lrom the (ers(etive of soul is essential the (resene0 seurityan% ha((iness of the %ear other.


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formation of the other (ersonal onto-formations0 the en%emi ontos0the affetive ontos0 that0 hronologially0 it suee%s although the

formation an% institution (roess an% simultaneous or interative.Ce(en%ing on the ty(e of e,(erienes0 on sub/etive e,(erienes0 !illforms the i%eal self0 the ha((iness an% %e(ression formations0 as !ellas the s(iritual ontos !ith the formationsE mystial soul0 (layful soul0aestheti soul0 gnosti soul0 ethial soul et.

&.).1. Pro0ectie ontos the foun%ation an% 'scholo(ical

-ontolo(ical frame!ork for trainin( an% functionin( to the s'iritualsoul

The formation (roess an% its e,istene is on%itione% by thee,istene" buil%ing of a formation of mental s(hereE the noetic ontos.

!he spiritual-proectiv ontos0 buil% by the noeti ontos0 is0un%oubte%ly0 a version of the !orl%0 an e,istene0 a being !ith a

s(eial nature. The s(eial nature of this onti !orl% is given by thegreat %iversity0 om(le,ity an% %e(th0 on the han%0 an% (erha(ses(eially of its i%eational0 semantis an% (ro/etive ontent0 on theother han%.

The most obvious sub/etive-(ro/etive or onto-(ro/etivefeature is0 ho!ever0 that the human in%ivi%ual is born biologially0 butmust be born0 soio-human0 one more0 !hih re$uires a (ro/et.

Therefore0 it must assimilates symbols0 meanings0 values.ut0 the man is not a om(uter !ih stores information. 'e lives0gro!s0 is e,istentially built0 that is !hy0 so-alle% assimilation0 is infat a (ro/etion. The ob/ets0 (eo(le0 situations are not assimilate% intheir (hysial-sensorial ob/etuality0 but by the soial" ulturalsemnifiation0 onto-(ro/etive su/etivate%.




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9o0 the sub/et is inserte% n a noeti0 a,iologial0 ultural !orl%0!here an not survive as !hole man unless it is (art of a fiel%0 the

!orl% of relationshi(s0 strutures0 assemblies0 soio-ulturalformations !ith very high om(le,ity. Inly their (ro/etion in onto-(ersonal formation an% buil%ing of the !hole (ersonality ensure thesurvival. The in%ivi%uals unable to ma#es this (roess are e,lu%e% ore,lu%es himself. There are some (roesses that are intereste% inun%erstan%ing the (roess of buil%ing the (ro/etive ontos.

Ine of them is the idealization. This is a logial (roess of

essentialisation, astractisation an%selectionof some features.


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non-being0 !ith the su(ernatural0 the love0 inlove0 !ith the saint asmo%el an% as(iration0 !ith the heaven0 !ith the fantasti ha((iness

et.The mysti is not an o(tion0 is a foun%ation of the (ersonal

onstitution0 an% is materiali3e% in the setting of ertain s(eifi onto-formations 9tefaroi0 2;;>a0 (.22.

The mystial soul is set on the o((osite si%e of the en%emi.oth (oles are still beings0 these have autonomous e,istenes0 nee%san% (ro%ue %esires. The mystial %esires re$uires mystial

e,(erienes0 the nee% of sare%0 tranes0 revelations0 sublime feelings0asetiism0 faith0 love0 heroism. The mystial soul formations are farfrom the ontingent (roesses of onsiousness0 reason an% behavior.+re %ee( anestral 8im(lants8 in unonsious0 lan%mar#s of in%ivi%ualbeliefs an% onvitions0 but an% soures of the emotional instability0fanatiism an% (aranoia in (athologially vie!.


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formation is an organi3ation of i%eas in itself0 an itself ob/etive !orl%0logial0 intrinsi0 ognitive0 self-suffiient0 !hile the gnosti soul is

sub/etive an% emotional im(regnate%0 an% %etermines the higher nee%of the sub/et to searh gnosis that (ro%ue satisfation. 7hile for thenoeti onto-formation the fun%amental nee% is for the truth0 for thegnosti soul (revailing the sub/et4s s(iritual nee% for the #no!le%geitself.

et!een the t!o (oles0 mysti an% gnosti soul0 is loate%(layful an% aestheti soul. !he playful soul is e,(ression of the

ontologial-anestral nee% of the (erson of liberty0 entertainment0 ofirony against the limits of e,istene. The (ersonality !ill reflete%0 inits o!n %imension0 this s(irit - re$uirement of soial0 ultural0 moralation0 but an% of reativity. The environment an% soure of the(layful soul is a %ifferent !orl% than the real one0 is set !ith itselements an% la!s0 but (lae% in an ontologial or%er inherently$uestionable. The (layfulness soul illuminates an% streamline the

internal ommuniation hannels an% !ith the environment0 gives tothe in%ivi%ual omfort an% authenti e,istene0 s(irituality.

Lrom the (layful soul it fee%s also the (roess of formation theaesthetic soul.


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1*9* 'he soul and the em3athetic ca3acit4 :humansensiti8it4; of the 3erson

The mere e,istene0 as the ontologial ore of (ersonality0 of the soul%etermines the em(athy0 om(assion0 love0 aestheti sensitivity0attahment0 one(tion of the !orl%0 religious faith0 human sensitivity.:onrete form of e,(ression an% intensity %e(en%ing0 of ourse0 of thestage of %evelo(ment or many others in%ivi%ual arateristis.


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Section 2

'H( HUMA& A&? SP+R+'UA@ QUA@+'+(S%F 'H( PR%F(SS+%&A@ +&

HUMA&+S'+C S%C+A@ W%R PRAC'+C(

C%&'(&' S(C'+%& 2




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2*)* Human 3ersonalit4 and 3rofessional 3ersonalit42*,* 'he human 3ersonalit4 of 3rofessional and the 3ersonalit4 of

the client2*1* (m3athetic ca3acit4 and human sensiti8it4

).&.1. *m(athy - a sientifi an% thera(euti resoureinsuffiiently a(itali3e%

).&.2. The (henomenon an% one(t of em(athy).&.&. The em(atheti ommunity an% the om(athy).&.). The em(atheti a(aity an% the (rofessional4s (ersonality

).&.5. The em(atheti $ualities of the (rofessional in soial !or#(ratie

2*2* Ha33iness and soulful wellein5).).1. The (henomenon an% one(t of ha((iness).).2. 'a((iness an% (ersonality).).&. The ha((iness state0 s(iritual !ell-being an% the effiieny

of (rofessional

2*9* S3iritual sensiilit42*=*Pro0ecti8it4. 8isionar4. idealism

).6.1. The onto-(ro/etive a(aity of (ersonality).6.2. The onto-(ro/etive referents).6.&. The thera(euti funtion of the onto-(ro/etive an%

visionary (ersonality2*>* Altruism. a5reailit4. tolerance. o3timism

2*)*Human3ersonalit4 and 3rofessional 3ersonalit4

'umanisti soial !or# o(erates !ith an em(atheti (rofessional(ersonality one(t0 that ombines the +human+ (ersonality !ith(ragmati (ersonality. Therefore0 in the (rofessionals training (roess




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the fous is on humanisti urriulum0 the goal is to training an%ultivation of em(atheti-(rofessional (ersonality0 the ability to

resonate to the sufferings an% (roblems of ustomers.ualities such as empathy, presence of spirit, the high level of

general culture, aesthetic sensiility, faith and respect for the moral/

religious values, playfulness, communicativity should not miss to any

social worker or a psychologist, or a caregiver, ecause it is the

concrete person wherewith empathize the customer.

'o! the (ersonality formation is also a (roess of

s(irituali3ation =amfir0 2;;? the training of (rofessional human(ersonality is (rimarily a (roess of s(irituali3ation an% humani3ation.


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Through human0 em(atheti $uality" a(aity0 through reativity0

aestheti sensibility0 authenti faith0 onern for truth0 balane%(ersonality the (rofessionals !ill sen% an% stimulate the developmentof spiritual features at customers too0 fatually sen%ing (ositiveenergy0 ha((iness0 aestheti0 intelletual0 s(iritual0 (layful $ualitiesDthus ontributing to a greater e,tent on their (ersonal %evelo(ment0inrease the self-esteem0 soial onsiousness0 the a(aity ofinitiative an% soial autonomy. Thus fulfilling the true mission for the

humanisti soial !or# (ratie.In the one han%0 !ill transmit0 through em(athy humanism0

agreability0 ha((iness an% balane to the ustomers0 !ill hel( their(ersonal %evelo(ment0 enhaning soial reintegration (ers(etive0#no!ing that the (ersonal an% soial autonomy is on%itionate an% ofthe %egree of (ersonal %evelo(ment or ha((iness.

The ob/etive of (ratie0 fouse% on (erson0 !oul% be to

stimulate the %evelo(ment or formation a (ersonality struture !herethe s(iritual formation is onsistent an% has high (erentage in thestruture an% eonomy of (ersonality - the lient !ill have ano(timisti but realisti self (ere(tion0 a relatively high self-esteem0onfi%ene0 as(irations0 a onsistent ego. +lso0 it !ill be %esribe li#ean ative0 a%a(tive (erson0 !ith funtional inter(ersonal relationshi(s0(resene of s(irit0 eager for soial reintegration an% regain %ignity.

2*1* (m3athetic ca3acit4 and the human sensiti8it4

).&.1. Em'ath - a scientific an% thera'eutic resource insufficientlca'itali3e%




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*m(athy is0 !ithout %oubt0 one of the un%eruse% thera(euti resouresin the soial siene an% (raties Aogers0 1>5>0 inlu%ing soial

!or#. ut the humanisti soial !or# give its a crucial role.*m(athy0 om(athy are (henomena an% (roesses of great

om(le,ity0 %e(th an% finesse0 that involve onurrent the sub/et an%the other0 the (erson an% the grou(0 the in%ivi%ual an% the soiety0 thegrou( an% the soiety0 feelings an% re(resentations0 values an% beliefs0feelings an% i%eas0 the material an% s(iritual e,istene. The unilateral0(syhologisti0 voluntarist a((roahes0 on the one han%0 trough the

in%ivi%ualisti (syhologies0 an% the soiologisti0 on the other han%0by the strutural-funtionalist an% universalist a((roahes ten% to nota(ture these (henomena or (roesses.

The stu%y of the em(atheti (henomena an% (roesses0 theem(athy as ob/et of sientifi #no!le%ge is not only aepistemological necessity but also a neessity of higher social an%human im'ortance in the globali3ation (ers(etive0 the effets of

ybernetisation an% 8virtuali3ation8 of soial life0 moral an% ultural%egra%ation0 %egra%ation of the family values0 gro!th of theeonomi-tehnial fator role in soiety an% in %aily life of the man.

).&.2. Phenomenon an% the conce't of em'ath

+bout the (syhosoial conce't an% (henomenon that is em(athy

have %ealt great thin#ers li#e Ki((s to feel himself in something0+ll(ort un%erstan%ing an% feeling eah other0 Tithener ability tothin# an% feel !hat another (erson thin#s an% feels 0 Aogers thefourth stage in the emotional-(ersonal %evelo(mentD ability to reallysit in the other4s (lae0 of seeing the !orl% as he sees it0 atson%is(osition" motivation oriente% to the other.


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of em(athy an% em(atheti (henomenon !as e,(erimentally stu%ie%0among others0 by 9troe arus 1>1.

'offman 2;;; inter(rets the em(athi %is(osition of the (ersonas effet of ognitive-affetive ation of the other0 resulting so anemotional res(onse loser to the other interests than the self0 !hileavelu 1>2 gives the follo!ing meanings to the one(t ofem(athyE sym(atheti (ro/etion of the self0 emotional fusion0sym(atheti intuition0 affetive union0 #no!le%ge by inter!eaving0intro/etion0 tran3itivism0 intro(athy0 sym(athy0 trans(osition into the

urrent otherHs state0 i%entifiation !ith another0 transfer0 sym(atheti(ro/etion.

*m(athy is a form of #no!le%ge of the environment0 so is acognitive process0 is a form of feeling an% emotional e,(eriene to theother0 therefore0 an emotional process0 is an inter(ersonal (roess0 sois a social process an%0 not least0 a spiritual process/ phenomenon0trough the human a(aity to resonate to ulture0 siene0 (hiloso(hy0

religion et.. +ll these (henomena an% (roesses ontribute to theestablishment of !hat might all the human sensitivity.

).&.&. Em'athetic communit an% com'ath

+ny soial grou(0 ommunity or organi3ation is an% an em(athetiommunity. any human suffering0 trage%y or soial (roblems are

roote% in its un%er%evelo(ment0 in !ea#nesses or serious om(atheti(roblems. Fno!le%ge of this as(et by the soial !or#ers is aneessity an%0 moreover0 the om(athy0 em(atheti ommunity0 thesystem of sym(athies an% em(athies an be very effetive tools forhange0 im(rovement0 normali3ation.

The em(atheti ommunity an% om(athy are built an%s(eifially %efine trough the ommon irumstanes0 harateristis




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an% behaviors of in%ivi%uals !ho om(ose it. :onsists mainly of threety(es of (roesses or (henomenaE emotional, cognitive and spiritual.

>0 ( 1&60 (lae0 time0 ultural nihe0 ha3ar%. *ah (erson isatually (art of a (artiular om(atheti system.


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).&.). #he em'athetic ca'acit an% the 'rofessional4s 'ersonalit

The em(atheti a(aity an% behavior is not an alternative but aonsubstantial neessity of any (rofession on the soial !or# fiel%=amfir0 1>>?0 (artiularly in the hil% !elfare0 but an% in the el%erlyan% %isable%. Through em(athy their (ersonality beomes sensitive tothe sufferings an% (roblems to (eo(le in nee%0 an%0 on behavior level0a$uires agreability.

Through em'athetic $ualities0 namely0 the ability to feel the

en/oyment %esire0 suffering of the other0 the ability to thin# an%e,(eriene !hat another (erson thin#s an% feels0 the ability to really(ut in another (lae0 to see the !orl% as he"she0 the (ersonal (rovision"motivation to the other0 sym(atheti (ro/etion of the self0 emotional-affetive fusion0 sym(atheti intuition0 intro/etion0 tran3itivism0intro(athy0 sym(athy0 i%entifiation !ith the other0 transfer et. the(rofessional a$uires aess to the ustomer (ersonality an% an

effetive metho% of thera(euti hange.The em(athy of (rofessional o'erates through its %efining

funtionsE cognitive, of communication and foresight, of emotionalcontagion and performance, of solidarity, prosocial et.


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the satisfation of intimate0 %ee(0 em(atheti (ersonal nee%s0 ofs(iritual gro!th an% e%uation0 emotional an% moral %evelo(ment of

the hil%ren.The institution is for the hil% the (lae !here is built the

ontologial foun%ations of its (ersonality.


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7e believe that a true0 %ee(0 sustainable ha((iness ison%itionate on the reation of a s(eifi onto-(syhologial %evie

the (rosenti" ha((iness onto-formation an% of the soul as thesu((ort ontologial formation. These are the soures of em(athy an%to the a(aity of the !or#ers to 8give8 ha((y the ustomers.

).).2. Ha''iness an% 'ersonalit

The ha((iness is usually (ereive% as being relate% to ahieving

(ersonal fulfillment0 so they are at the higher level of the motivational(yrami% an% struture of (ersonality.


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!ith eonomi or soial measures if the (roblem has0 in fat0 anim(ortant (syhologial0 emotional0 or (syhologial-s(iritual

om(onent.

).).&. #he ha''iness state s'iritual !ell-*ein( an% the efficienc of'rofessional

There are a number ofpersonal/ personality characteristics suh aslevel of happiness, interior comfort, irony, rela)ed attitude towards

life hardships and professional difficulties0 ie the soulful !elfare an%ha((iness0 !hih is ruial $uality of the soial !or# (ratie0 beausethey are the soure of human" humanitarian sensitivity0 the em(athyan% agreability - %efining features of the (rofessionals0 es(eiallythose !or#ing %iretly !ith hil%ren.

The relationshi( !ith the lient is not ob/etual but 8s(iritual8.The term an hel( us to un%erstan% more %ee(ly0 om(letely an%

om(le, the nature an% s(eifi of the (rofessional-ustomerrelationshi(. eyon% the (rimary goal of the soial reintegration oreonomi rehabilitation0 the ustomer e,(ets also relate% serviessuh as tolerane0 un%erstan%ing0 humor0 aesthetis sensibility0morality0 reativity0 8s(irituality8 9tefaroi0 2;;>b0 (.1).

The reruitment ativity of the (roffesionals is inten%e% so thefuture em(loyees to have the $ualities that enable it to offer an% suh

8servies80 that often %e(en%s the suess of the intervention. They are#ey %eterminants of the (rofessional effiieny in soial !or#.+uthenti soure of these $ualities is the soul an% the establishe%ha((iness state0 the e,istene of an !ell %evelo(e% onto-formations ofha((iness an% a (ositive he%oni-affetive onto-balane.


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om(le, the nature an% s(eifi of the (rofessional-ustomerrelationshi(. eyon% the (rimary goal of the soial reintegration or

eonomi rehabilitation0 the ustomer e,(ets also relate% serviessuh as tolerane0 un%erstan%ing0 humor0 aesthetis sensibility0morality0 reativity0 8s(irituality8 9tefaroi0 2;;>b0 (.1).

The reruitment ativity of the (roffesionals is inten%e% so thefuture em(loyees to have the $ualities that enable it to offer an% suh8servies80 that often %e(en%s the suess of the intervention. They are#ey %eterminants of the (rofessional effiieny in soial !or#.

+uthenti soure of these $ualities is the soul an% the establishe%ha((iness state0 the e,istene of an !ell %evelo(e% onto-formations ofha((iness an% a (ositive he%oni-affetive onto-balane.

?6. Oames 1>?1 believes that the /ob ha((iness"satisfation is the relationshi( bet!een in%ivi%ual as(irations an%ahievements. +t the same time0 ha((iness is an onto-sub/etive(syhologial feature an% it a(rioristi ma#es the (rofessional to

(erformane.7e believe that the follo!ing (syhologial-soulful

(re%is(ositions (romote the effiieny of (rofessional on soial !or#(ratie in the effort to a%a(t an% ahieve s(eifi (rofessional tas#sEsoulful !elfare0 state of ha((iness0 self-esteem0 funtional fle,ibility0agreability0 e,traversion0 %emorati s(irit0 tolerane0 o(enness to ne!




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i%eas0 e(istemologial an% metho%ologial fle,ibility0 mature(ersonality0 emotional stability0 self-ontrol0 %etahment et..

2*=* Pro0ecti8it4. 8isionar4. idealism

).6.1. #he onto-'ro0ectie ca'acit of 'ersonalit


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).6.2. #he onto-'ro0ectie referents

They are0 in fat0 targets0 he%oni-(ro/etive i%eals0 %esires0 as(irations!hih are organi3e% into onto-(ro/etive formations !ih gui%ing theonsious an% unonsious searhes" hoies for ontogenetially-(ersonal gro!th0 training an% %evelo(ment. They ten% to holistiallyur%le in !hat !e might all the (ro/et (rint of the (ersonal trainingan% %evelo(ment0 ie the i%eal of the goo% an% (ersonal ha((iness0 the

i%eali3e% image of the goo% an% of the in%ivi%ual ha((iness.I(erates0 e,(eriential an% emergent0 by om(le, mehanisms of

fee%-ba# an% fee%-before. The (ro/etive (ersonal referents may bethe %esirable soial status0 the !elfare0 the %esirable bo%y image0(rofession0 the re$uire% level of intelligene an% #no!le%ge0 theas(irate% (hysial an% s(iritual (leasures0 The aestheti0 moral0a,iologial as(irations et. for the soial servies0 es(eially those

%ealing !ith hil%ren0 some of them are atually e%uational an%!elfare ob/etives.

The (ers(etives of it meeting installs (ositive emotions an%states0 omforting feelings0 ha((iness.


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).6.&. #he thera'eutic function of onto-'ro0ectie an% isionar

'ersonalit

The (ro/etivity0 visionary an% i%ealism are in%is(ensable $ualities ofthe (rofessional in soial !or#0 beause re(resents the onto-(syhologial soure of the em(athy0 but0 also0 beause this (rofessionis teleologial by its nature. The humanist (rofessional in soial !or#(ratie not only ma#e are0 not onerne% only to the ustomer

survival0 but aims the human %evelo(ment0 rehabilitation in(ers(etive0 aor%ing to a human +proect+. 9o0 buil%ing a ne!modus vivendian% a ne! arhiteture of (ersonality. 7ithout vision0!ithout i%eali3ation0 !ithout (ro/etivity his (ersonality remainsontingent0 flat0 obtuse. The humanisti goals !ill remain only on(a(er. +ll that aims to buil% at the (rofessional level must to e,ist inhis (ersonality0 in its onto-i%eational" (ro/etive interior universe.

The rehabilitation0 authenti ha((iness0 ustomer %evelo(ment0self esteem0 the intervention an best be a%%resse% an% solve% byo(erating on the formations0 onto-referents an% levers of the onto-(ro/etive s(here. ut this must be0 (rimarily0 on the (rofessional(ersonality. Therefore0 in e%uation an% training of the (rofessionals isim(ortant to (ut great em(hasis on training the he%onis onto-referents0 (ereive% !ith roles of anhors0 i%eals. The (roess lea%s to

form a vigorous (ersonality0 ative0 (ositive0 autonome0 oriente% toself-ahievement. The (roess strong %evelo(s (syhi funtions li#ethe !ill0 intrinsi motivation0 imagination0 intelligene inlu%ingemotional.

The (ro/etivity0 vision0 ho(e are both the (rofessional $ualitiesan% the main resoures an% means of ahieving the ob/etives of




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(syhologial %istress0 la# of tolerane for irony0 %e(ressionba#groun%0 resistane to hange0 ten%eny to onserve a system of

values an% norms0 o((osition to ne!0 onformism - obe%iene0 la# offle,ibility an% su((leness of thought0 %ogmatism0 re%ue% a%a(tability0stubbornness0 misone(tions0 unfoun%e% i%eas0 attitu%inal rigi%ity0resistane to information an% hange0 to orretion0 infle,ible attitu%esto foo%0 %ress0 (olitial (referene0 se,ual orientation0 minorities0%isrimination0 emotional lability0 immature (ersonality0 inrease%irritability0 selfishness0 la# of (resene of s(irit et.

The humanist (rofessional not only (rovi%e om(ensatory ai%0are0 or merely offers 8servies80 %oes not !or# only for theustomersHs survive0 even if are ruial ob/etives0 but see#s an% torelieve the lient suffering by his agreeable (resene0 trough its(ersonality4s altruism an% o(timism. Therefore are so im(ortant thes(iritual $ualities of the (rofessional0 theme a((roae% in this boo#.

Section 9




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C%&C@US+%&S

The fun%amental onlusion of this boo# is that0 beause humanistisoial !or# (ratie re$uire from the (rofessional attention an% for thesoulful (roblems" manifestations of the lient0 it is essential that the(rofessional (ersonality to be %esribe% an% through a series of soulful$ualities li#e soulful !ellbeing0 ha((iness0 human sensitivity0s(irituality0 em(athy or (ro/etivity0 so that0 its (ratie !ill lea% tofulfillment the true soial !or#4s ob/etives0 suh as human

rehabilitation0 ha((iness0 the fulfillment an% soial reintegration of thelient.

Through the humanities #no!le%ge an% s(iritual $ualities in theassessment activity the humanisti (rofessional it fouses on theidentification, analysis and description the concrete customer2s human

prolem and suffering0 through i%entifiation the situations ofe,istential im(asse or risis0 i%entifiation of (ersonal an% olletive

trage%ies0 (ersonal0 family0 organi3ational or (rofessional failuresituations. Through humanisti metho%s it ma%e the re(resentation ofthe urrent om(atheti0 soial0 ultural an% (syhosoial situations0 ofthe onrete situations of %e(ersonali3ation an% %ehumani3ation.

Therefore0 the humanisti (rofessional !ill buil% the %iagnosismainly by a conte)tual-humanistic phenomenology. The onstrution(roess of intervention plan after humanisti mo%el involves

(rioriti3ing the identification of needs and soulful, spiritual, human,suective, voluntary resources of rehailitation.

The intervention activitiesnot ma#es e,ess of formalism an%tehniism0 the (rofessional em(athi3e authentially !ith theustomer0 aims to ontributing to its soial autonomi3ation through thes(iritual0 (ersonal" (syhologial0 moral an% soio-ultural%evelo(ment ayne0 2;11.




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of humanisti (syhology0 (e%agogy an% soiology0 of (hiloso(hy0ulture an% s(irituality.

This is beause the humanistic social workeror psychologist isfouse%0 !ith (riority0 on the soul0 on the s(iritual0 em(atheti0sub/etive0 emotional issuea of the lient0 on the e,istentialbottlene#s0 on grou( an% (ersonal %ramas0 on the moral an% s(iritualas(ets of the (roblem. Lor this0 the real (roblems are of human0emotional0 s(iritual nature.

The humanisti counselingis a systemati a((roah0 %evelo(e%

by (rofessional tools an% metho%es0 in !hih an are%ite% ounselor0(rovi%ing assistane an% su((ort for s(iritual" human rehabilitationan% soial a%a(tation.

+n% the manageror the workerfrom resi%ential institution0 inthe vie! of humanisti soial !or# values0 is a 8man !ith a big heart.8'uman" soulful $ualities0 the (ositive0 om(atheti0 visionary(ersonality (rints the manager4s behavior fle,ibility0 a%a(tability0

soiability0 ommuniation0 agreeability0 tolerane0 it fouses on thehuman goals of the are institution0 hel( to (revent an% resolve seriousonflits at all levels - intra(ersonal0 inter(ersonal0 of grou( orinstitutional0 enhanes the om(laeny %egree of ustomers an% staff0of satisfation ha((iness0 enhanes the (ositive feeling of belongingto the organi3ation.


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goals of care institution. !he positive effects are felt over time

particularly y shifting focus from the care of ody to the care of soul

and personality.Thus0 in the humanisti soial !or# (ratie the (rofessional is

intereste%0 besi%es the material !ealth0 foo%0 housing0 omfort an% ofthe s(iritual !ellbeing of the suffering (erson0 of the his %ignity an%on%ition of human being0 !ith all rights im(lie% by this e,istentialstatute. The $uality of human relationshi(s0 ultural $uality of theommunity !here lives the lient0 the $uality of soio-moral limate

are im(ortant fators that are (art of the same onern for the soul an%(ersonality are an% for enhane the (ros(ets of the humanrehabilitation an% soial integration.

Sorr for translation errors 7

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Versiunea n limba romn

Calit!ile Suflete"ti ale Profesionistului #n

Practica Asisten!ei Sociale Umaniste

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).).1. Lenomenul Qi one(tul %e feriire).).2. Leriire Qi (ersonalitate

).).&. 9tarea %e feriire0 bunstarea sufleteas Qi efiienPa(rofesionistului

2*9* Sensiilitatea s3iritual2*=* Proiecti8itatea. 8iEionarismul. idealismul

).6.1. :a(aitatea onto-(roietiv a (ersonalitPii).6.2. AeferenPii onto-(roietivi (ersonali).6.&. LunPia tera(euti a (ersonalitPii onto-(roietive Qi

vi3ionare2*>* Altruismul. a5reailitatea. toleran!a. o3timismul

Sec!iunea 9* ConcluEii




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social30 i%entifin%0 a (rini(ale surse" mo%ele teoretie Qimeto%ologie gn%irea umanist Qi fenomenologi0 filosofia

e,istenPei" fiinPei umane0 (sihologia" (sihotera(ia e,istenPial-umanist0 (sihologia trans(ersonal0 onstrutivismul soial Qimirosoiologia. Sn termen heia al lurrii Qi al one(tului %easistenP soial umanist l re(re3int el %efiin53 "valoare( uman3.

n literatura rom:neasc8*lena =amfir 1>>?0 2;;> i%entifiun numr mare %e teme Qi valori ale gn%irii umaniste n teoria Qisistemul asistenPei soiale ontem(orane0 George @eamPu 2;11 Qi

aria Aoth-93amos#B3i 2;;& onsi%ersistemul universal de valoriumane Qi responsailitateaa %imensiuni esenPiale ale (rofesiunii %easistent soial0 n tim( e0 %u( Coru u3%uea 2;;>0 (olitia Qiorgani3area sistemului %e asistenP soial au la ba3 o serie %e(rini(ii Qi valori umaniste0 n (rini(al ele referitoare la drepturilefundamentale ale omulului.

@oi0 n artiolul Rers(etiva umanist asu(ra lientului n

asistenPa soialN Aevista %e +sistenP 9oial0 @r. 1-20 2;;>0 *%ituraolirom am (re3entat suint one(tul %e asistenP soial umanist0aQe3n% n (rim (lan0 a Qi i%ee forP a aestuia0 reprezentarea/aordarea umanist3 a clientului 4i profesionistului. +m %e3voltatone(tul Qi teoria n artiolul Rara%igma umanist a asistenPeisoiale sau surt intro%uere n asistenPa soial umanistN 0 a(rut nnumrul 10 2;120 al aeleiaQi reviste.

Constituireateoriei Qi (ratiii asistenPei soiale umaniste este/ustifiat att %e ofensivaN orientrilor valorilor Qi ategoriilorumaniste n %omenii %in are asistenPa soial se alimentea3 teoretiQi a,iologi - filosofie0 (sihologie0 (e%agogie sau soiologie - %ar Qi %eunele evoluPii R%e3umani3anteN ale soietPii0 (reum globali3area0iberneti3area0 ri3a ulturii0 in/ustiPia soial0 o(resiunea0 a(ariPia




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unor (robleme soiale are nu (ot fi nPelese sau abor%ate u alte ti(uri%e meto%e.

Toto%at necesitateateoriei Qi meto%ei umaniste este relevat Qi%e om(le,itatea sistemelor soiale0 a soietPii ontem(orane Qi ansuQi sistemului asistenPei soiale0 a subsistem al aestora. Snele(robleme (ot fi mo%elate teoreti Qi re3olvate (rin abor%ri %e ti(sistemi-global0 universal0 sau strutural-funPional iar altele (rinabor%ri %e ti( e,istenPialist0 onte,tualist sau umanist. nsuQi sistemulasistenPei soiale0 (rin (olitia soial naPional este one(ut a o

organi3are u %oi (oli0 sistemul na5ional organi3are naPional0regional et0 legislaPie0 instituPii0 (rograme0 (olitii Qi clientulvulnerabilitatea0 situaPia %e %ifiultate0 (ersonalitatea0 onte,tulsoiouman0 resursa loal et.

+Qa%ar0 hiar %a asistenPa soial a (rati Qi (oliti soialse %elar (rini(ial Qi (ragmati umanist0 o%at u instituPionali3areaQi RnaPionali3areaN ei a tins s %evin n mare msur un mega-sistem

/uri%i0 birorati Qi instituPional universal Qi %e(ersonali3ant0onsi%ern%u-se regla/ul soio-(oliti sau soio-eonomi global(oate s re3olve automat (roblemele soioumane (artiulare.Aealitatea a %emonstrat ns multe %intre (roblemele aQa-3issoiale" soietale sau soio-eonomie sunt %e fa(t umane sausocioumane0 iar multe au3e ale aestora Qi resursele rezolv3rii lor seafl3 6n cultura, conte)tul sociouman particular 4i 6n personalitatea

persoanelor vulneraile sau 6n dificultate, 6n capacitatea/ putereaacestora de autodeterminare$ rezolvarea prolemei 4i reailitarea

autentic3 necesit7nd ac5iuni tip 8om cu om9 4i 8fa53 6n fa539, pentru

a-i 6nt3ri "strength( psihologic "nderson 4i 1iggins-:arter, %&&;, p.

%'( 4i autonomiza social 4i nu doar prin presta5ii sau servicii sociale

universaliste, impersonale, care, 6n ordinea lor, sunt 4i ele necesare.




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asistenP soial n abor%area umanist. romovarea /ustiPiei soiale0%e3voltarea (ersonal a lientului Qi (rofesionistului0 om(le,itatea

fiinPei umane0 fle,ibilitatea meto%ologi0 valorifiarea reativitPiilientului Qi (rofesionistului0 %e3voltarea 9elf-ului Qi valorifiarea(otenPialului %e s(iritualitate al (ersonalitPii umane0 (romovareaseuritPii Qi %e3voltarea re3ilienPei (ersoanei sunt0 %u( ayne 2;110'rinci'iile ;i alorile cruciale ale 'racticii asisten9ei socialeumaniste.

n onte,t meto%ologi om(le, Qi unitar (rofesionistul umanist

se va onentra (e sfera0 (roblema sufleteas0 s(iritual0 (sihologiQi soio-uman a lientului. 9o(ul este Qi aela al armoni3riiontologie interne Qi e,terne a relaPiilor %in interiorul omunitPii"gru(ului0 u efete asu(ra reQterii onsistenPei ontologie a(ersonalitPii Qi %iminurii risului intrrii n situaPia %e ris.




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,*)* Surse "i fundamente

2.1.1. #eoria (eneral8 a asisten9ei sociale

Teoria asistenPei soiale se fun%amentea30 a teorie a (ratiii soiale0(e realitatea Qi teoria soial0 (e sistemul Qi (ratia (rofesioniQtilor%in.%omeniu %ar atrage Qi marile teme sau %e3bateri soioumaneQtiinPifie ori filosofie u (rivire la on%iPia uman0 %re(turile(ersoanei0 ra(ortul %intre in%ivi% Qi omunitate" soietate0 soli%aritateasoial" uman.

+stfel unele teorii (romovea3 one(tul unei fiin5e umaneautonome0suverane, relativ independente de conte)tul socialQi a uneisoietPi n are ra(orturile Qi regulile se formea3 n mo% s(ontan0legi obietiv0 nefiind recomandat3 interven5ia reglatoare 4i nici6ntrautorarea umanitar3. I astfel %e intervenPie ar %ereglafunPionarea efiient a soietPii0 ar onstitui o ingerinP ilegitim nevoluPia Qi ursul fires al lururilor. 9oietatea are legile eiRobietiveN0 (ersoanele Qi gru(urile soiale trebuie s se a%a(te3e(roeselor %in soietate0 iar ei are nu reuQes se auto-elimin sausunt eliminaPi - e,tra(olare n (lan soial a unosutelor teorii (rivin%evoluPia Qi a%a(tarea biologi0 teorii (ro(use %e Car!in. *ste oabor%are ra%ial (e are nii o soietate nu o (oate (romova integral.

Ka e,trema ealalt s-au im(us un numr foarte mare %e i%ei are(ro(un soluPia unei onviePuiri ba3ate (e valori (reum solidaritatea,6ntrautorarea, umanismul0 ata4amentul, empatia, fun%ate (eone(tul unei fiinPe umane morale, empatice, spirituale,inevoitoare, protectoare 4i proteat3Qi a unei soietPi are aQea3 laba3ele e,istenPei Qi funPionrii sale umanismul Qi solidaritatea




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social30 are-Qi foloseQte (rghiile instituPionale (entru a interveni nso(ul asistenPei Qi reabilitrii (ersoanelor Qi gru(urilor aflate n

%ifiultate sau n situaPie %e ris.Civersitatea (ers(etivelor Qi abor%rilor se regseQte Qi n

sistemul %e teorii s(eifie ale asistenPei soiale. :ele mai im(ortantefiin% teoria teoria ata4amentulu, teoria 6ngriirii, teoria particip3rii,teoria ac5iunii sociale, teoria identit35ii et. area ma/oritate fiin% %enatur Qi orientare umanist.

9istemul %e asistenP soial funPionea3 n mo%

institu5ionalizat n ma/oritatea Prilor Qi se %esrie a o om(onentesenPial a unui sistem mai om(le,E sistemul %e (rotePie soial. :asubsistem al (rotePiei soiale asistenPa soiala se ba3ea3 n (rini(al(e fon%uri (rovenite %in bugetul statului sau %in %onaPii alevoluntarilor Qi ale instituPiilor internaPionale +sistenPa nu (resu(une0%e regul0 nii o ontribuPie finaniara a (ersoanei asistate Qi sereali3ea3 %e regul %u( evaluri (artiulare. +/utorarea (ersoanelor

aflate in %ifiultate are la ba3 (rini(iul soli%aritPii Qi (resu(uneevaluarea trebuinPelor asistatului =amfir0 2;;>.

Cinolo %e orie onsi%erent %e or%in filo3ofi sau i%eologi norie (erioa% istori0 Par0 sau stan%ar% e,ist limite universale subare se %esrie n mo% fun%amental situaPia %e %ifiultate a oriruiin%ivi% sau gru(. *ste vorba %es(re su(raviePuirea biologi0 sntatea0e,istenPa unui minim %e relaPii soiale Qi %e omuniare are s asigure

ehilibrul0 viaPa (sihi normal Qi (ers(etiva %e reali3are a fiinPsoial0 n (lan ivi Qi (rofesional. +ltfel s(us orie in%ivi% sau gru((entru a evita starea %e %ifiultate ar trebuie s benefiie3e %e unminim %e on%iPii %in (unt %e ve%ere iologic, psihologic 4i socio-cultural. +estea sunt ele trei mari %imensiuni ale e,istenPei omului.

n onlu3ie serviiile %e asistenP soial0 lurtorii soiali seonentrea3 att (e latura social-economic3t Qi (e eapsihologic-




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individual3. +easta %in urm fiin%0 %in (ate abor%at u (re%erela mo%ul instrumental0 om(ortamental0 as(etul afetiv0 sufletes sau

s(iritual-he%onist feriire fiin% mult negli/at. :um sursa a(arent a(roblemelor soiale o re(re3int n ma/oritatea a3urilor sriaaPiunea tin%e s se onentre3e (e as(etul eonomi0 negli/n%u-selatura s(iritual0 soial-afetiv sau (sihologi0 un%e se asun%e %emulte ori a%evrata au3 Qi resursa %e reu(erare Te,t (reluat %involumul !eoria fericirii 6n asisten5a social30 etru Jtefroi0 *%ituraKumen0 b0 ((. 22-2&.

2.1.2. ? sau umanist.

@oile teorii nu %esonsi%er rolul fatorului soietal0 omunitar0strutura soial %ar sublinia3 (eriolul /ustifirii Qi on%amnrii lastatutul soial %e asistat al lientului (rin ategorisire Qi etihetareQtiinPifi0 (rin generali3are QtiinPifi Qi universali3are.

Teoriile m(urilor soiale0 teoriile e,lu%erii0 marginali3rii Qivulnerabili3Pii soiale0 subulturilor %eviante0 aPiunii soiale Qi alteletin% s %esonsi%ere rolul fatorul subietiv0 (ersonalitPii0 voinPei0

%ei3iei (ersonale n situaPia (roblem. I (ersoan situat ntr-osituaPie %e ris sau vulnerabilitate este astfel a(riori subiet %eintervenPie soial sistemati3at hiar %a (rin (ro(riile resursee,istenPial-(sihologie are a(itatea %e a se %etaQa %e situaPia %e%ifiultate. rotePia oferit tin%e s-i anihile3e iniaPiva0 s aute o3on minimal sigur %e onfort0 aban%onn% efortul %e %e3voltare(ersonal" (rofesional Qi autonomi3are soial.




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res(etul (entru %emnitatea Qi e,istenPa subietiv a lientuluiD

lientul este o (ersoan real Qi liber0 n onseinP este (rimul

res(onsabil (entru %estinul Qi situaPia sa Aogers0 1>51..area ma/oritate a i%eilor %e mai sus se regses Qi n meto%ele

(ro(use %e=aslaw, are se fun%amentea3 (e o emblemati teorie atrebuinPelor0 n strns legtur u teoria sa a (ersonalitPii.

+stfel0 la ba3a (irami%ei se afl nevoile (rimare biologie0fun%amentale0 fiin% Qi ele mai (uternie. :u t o nevoie ura s(revrful (irami%ei0 u att este mai slab Qi %ar Qi mai s(eifi

in%ivi%ului res(etiv a (ersoan soial0 ultural0 s(iritual. @evoile(rimare sunt ns omune att tuturor oamenilor t Qi animalelor.

Cu( asla! 2;;? o%at e in%ivi%ul Qi satisfae nevoile %eba30 se (oate onentra (e nevoile %e siguranP0 are Pin mai mult %eintegritatea fi3i0 um ar fi seuritatea asei Qi a familiei. Srmea3nevoia %e iubire Qi a(artenenP %e (rietenie0 familie0 a(artenenP la ungru(0 sau %e im(liare ntr-o relaPie intima non-se,ual. Ka nivelul al

(atrulea se situea3 nevoile %e stim0 %e (utere0 (restigiu0 ae(taret Qi res(etul %e sine. @esatisfaerea nevoilor %e stim on%ue la%esura/are0 Qi (e termen lung la om(le,e %e inferioritate.

arele (siholog umanist onsi%er tera(eutul trebuie si%entifie aQa-3isele trebuinPe %e reQtere0 onsi%erate resurse0 (e ares le e,(loate3e urativ (rin atuali3are0 onQtienti3are Qi integrare nsistemul %e (ersonalitate soial. +tenPia se onentrea3 (e

resursele %e natur s(iritual0 moral0 e(istemi0 sau esteti. *ste o3on (e are autorul o las larg %eshis %e3barerii (entru noi i%ei Qiabor%ri.

Sn alt mare lasi al (sihologiei Qi tera(iei umaniste0 llport1>61 afirm fiinPa uman in%ivi%ual %is(une %e un RsimP nativ al9ineluiN are la animale nu e,ist Qi are i %iri/ea3 (roesul uni al(ro(riei %eveniri0 %e formare Qi %e3voltare a (ersonalitPii. +est QimP




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ghi%ea3 (roesul %e %e3voltare (ersonal0 n are atuali3area0valori3area (otenPialului0 vor (rofila arateristiile unie are vor fae

%in om fiinPa a(abil %e a-Qi st(ni Qi oor%ona (ro(ria viaP0tera(eutul trebuie s valorifie aeast a(aitate a (ersoanei0 s-ifailite3e e,(rimarea (rin e,teriori3are Qi omuniare em(ateti.

2.1.). Sociolo(ia umanist8 ;i microsociolo(ia9oiologia umanist se afirm n mo% %elarat a o(o3iPie la

(o3itivism Qi meto%a QtiinPifi e,esiv generali3atoare0 are e,lu%(ersonalitatea0 miro-omunitatea Qi valorile umane %in euaPiae,(liativ a fenomenelor soiale. rintre (reou(ri se situea3 Qiurmrirea mo%ului n are tries0 iubes0 sufer Qi interaPionea3 nmo% onret oamenii0 e relaPii %e ataQament se stabiles ntre aeQtian ra(orturile %e ru%enie0 (rietenie0 %uQmnie0 interes0 olegialitate0relaPii %e (utere0 re3ilienPa0 copingul0 um re3olv aeQtia %iverse

(robleme0 a%a(tarea la shimbare sau reaPia n faPa unor ri3e orievenimente ma/ore0 mo%ul n are Qi reglea3 interativ on%uitele Qisimboli3ea3" utumi3ea3 mutual e,istenPa soial legile0 valorile0obieiurile0 ritualurile0 om(ortamentele0 instituPiile0 i%eologiile.

9oiologia umanist nu (ere(e (ersoana a element invariabil nsistemul soial i re(re3int sistemul soial0 soietatea0 gru(ul soial0familia0 organi3aPia (rofesional a o uniune %e in%ivi%ualitPi"

(ersonalitPi n are relaPiile Qi ra(orturile nu sunt a(riori im(use i seonstruies n %ialetia om(le, a interaPiunilor (artiulare0 aontologiei onte,tului (sihosoial reat =nanie#i0 1>6>.

n a%rul generi al soiologiei umaniste au fost atrase marileteme ori %ialoguri ale soiologie mo%erne (reum ra(ortul %intrestruturalism Qi funPionalism0 etnometo%ologia0 interaPionismulsimboli0 a,iologia ori temele mai noi ale soiologiei (ostmo%erne.




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Sna %in valorile im(ortante ale soiologiei umaniste (ostmo%erne ore(re3int libertatea alegerii in%ivi%uale ntre valorile soiale.

n abor%area umanist aentul a%e (e ra(orturile unie instituite(rin interaPiune ontingent (re(on%erent em(ateti Qi (e relaPiilesoiale ntre (ersoane u suflet Jtefroi0 2;;>a.

Ji microsociolo5ia0 ramur a soiologiei are eretea3 u(rioritate legit35ile microgrupului Qi conte)tului sociouman particular(une aent (e (roesele subietive0 relaPiile Qi fenomeneleinter(ersonale0 em(atetie0 %e ataQament sau soli%aritate Garfin#el0

2;;6.n asistenPa soial abor%area mirosoiologi nu este o o(Piune

i o neesitate. +sistenPa soial a teorie este %e fa(t o teorie amirosistemului soial sau (ersoanei" omunitPii vulnerabile nonte,t soiouman.


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%e3voltare (ersonal Qi uman0 inonsistenPei ontologie Qi alitPii(reare a relaPiilor interumane Qi %egra%rii sistemului %e valori

morale0 ulturale et %in omunitPii Qi organi3aPii.ara%igma u(rin%e Qi situaPiile umane (roblem %eterminate %e

efetele globali3rii0 tehnii3rii Qi iberneti3rii0 instituPionali3riie,esive a viePii soiale Qi soietPii0 alienrii0 %isriminrii0 inegalitPiiQi in/ustiPiei soiale0 (olari3rii eonomie0 %egra%rii ulturale saumorale generale a soietPii.

evian5a, marginalitatea, s3r3cia, suferin5a, nefericirea, e4ecul

profesional, pierderile, neadaptarea, singur3tatea, dezumanizarea0 nsfrQit tot felul %e (robleme Qi situaPii %e ris sau %ifiultate n aresunt antrenate (ersoanele0 au (e lng e,(liaPiile soiologie Qibiologie bineunosute Qi factori de ordin ontologic-spiritual,

psihologic-individual sau moral-individual.

2.2.2.


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intern Qi voinPa %e shimbare sau m(linire0 auto-m(linire self-fulfillment0 %ar Qi %e i%entifiarea" valorifiarea aestor resurse u

a/utorul (rofesionistului Aogers0 2;;?.#eoriile umaniste 'un 'e 'rim 'lan'ersoana ca fiin98 =n sine0

a suflet0 subiet %e suferinP tut Qi feriire Qi nu %oar a elementneutru0 in%ivi% al unui sistem soial0 al unor organi3aPii (ro%utive sauumili benefiiari ai unor serviii omunitare. *le nu neag rolul altorabor%ri are anali3ea3 in%ivi%ul n manier instrumental0soiologist0 biologist0 iberneti sau om(ortamental i le

om(letea3 Qi le onfer onPinut0 transformn% lientul n (ersoan0n om0 n eu0 n subiet0 n suflet.

Pers'ectia umanist-s'iritual8 asu(ra lientului (romovea3luarea 6n considerare 4i a treuin5elor suflete4ti, estetice, ludice,

epistemologice 4i mistice ale clientului. +%i a trebuinPelor s(irituale.0atisfacerea 4i dezvoltarea nevoilor spirituale, a personalit35ii

spirituale, reprezint3 una dintre c3ile, metodele cele mai eficiente

pentru dezvoltarea personal3 a clientului 4i sporirea perspectivei deautonomizare personal3/ social3, indiferent de nivelul de studii,

provenien53, v7rst3 sau tipul prolemei sociale/ umane. @u neesitmari investiPii materiale0 multe resurse.


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generali3ea3 Qi reon

ebook - spiritual qualities of the professional in humanistic social work practice, petru stefaroi,...

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